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Roman empire history
An essay about the roman empire
An essay about the roman empire
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Rome was an ancient empire, and a powerful one, at that. It grew from a small village started by two brothers, Romulus and Remus, to a republic. Eventually, it became a huge empire controlled by emperors that lead Rome to being more impressive. But, questions still remain: Why did Rome fall? What event or series of events contributed to the decline of Rome? When Rome was still a republic, it divided into three parts, called a triumvirate. The first one was lead by three people, then fell apart when Caesar was betrayed and murdered. This was orchestrated by his enemies and his “friends” alike. Since Caesar never took his own personal security into account, he was easily surrounded and stabbed to death. This moment caused this part of the triumvirate to virtually collapse in on itself and fail rather quickly. This land was divided between the two other parts of the triumvirate, Antony and Octavian, with Antony ruling in the east, and Octavian, Caesar’s son, ruling in the west. The other two parts on the triumvirate didn’t have any major conflict, but there was much friction and war was avoided with great effort. One example of this was when Antony married Octavian’s sister, Octavia. This lasted for a while and war was prevented. …show more content…
Through numerous conflicts and battles, Rome only kept getting weaker, and the corruption in its politics wasn’t getting any better. Emperors couldn’t stay in power, and not one was a good enough emperor to save Rome from its defeat. Romulus Augustus was the last Roman emperor. Soon, a Germanic mercenary named Odoacer saw a window of opportunity and seized Roman power. He chose not to be Augustus himself, and he didn’t want to serve under another western Augustus. He chose to be simply a victor over the Roman emperor, and as a result, the great Roman empire had
The year is 476 A.D. and the Roman Empire has collapsed after being overthrown by barbarians. Looking back, the causes of Rome’s decline can be separated into four categories, social, economic, military, and political. The social aspects of Rome’s fall are the rise of christianity and civil wars. The rise of christianity displaced Rome’s polytheistic roots which viewed the emperor as having a godly status. Pope and church leaders took an increased role in political affairs which further complicated governance. Civil wars also deteriorated the empire. More than 20 men took the throne in only 75 years and the empire was thrust into chaos. The economic aspects of Rome’s fall were high taxes from the government and labor deficit. The roman empire
Caesar’s death brought turmoil to into Rome. Augustus was determined to avenge his adopted father’s death and vied with two of his chief rivals for power, Mark Antony and Lepidus. After some minor conflicts and disputes, both military and political, Augustus realized the importance and significance of making peace with his rivals. Through these small skirmishes, Antony was driven across the Alps, while Augustus was made senator and then consul. Soon after, Augustus and Antony were joined by Antony’s ally. They met and formed the Second Triumvirate to rule the Roman domains. Their alliance was sealed by a huge proscription in which 300 senators and 200 knights were killed. These were the Triumvir’s enemies.
The fall of Rome occurred over many centuries and was caused by several factors including military decay, barbarian invasions, and the failure of the government to respond to these problems.
...ion this all showed that style of governing and ruling an empire started a century long pattern of events that eventually lead to the fall and destruction of the old oligarchy led by the Senate. The combination of desire for personal gain and glory of a politician or general was what weakened the Roman customs and the Senate. This was a cycle among the Senate, to find themselves stuck in a problem and to find others to fix with of course military means but in turn make everything more corrupt with their disruptive practices such as Pompey and Julius Caesar. But they were not the only ones there were others who were to blame for causing such decay and corruption such as Marius, Sulla, Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus. They were the ones who kept this corruption cycle going and it was Augustus Caesar who finally broke the cycle and brought stability and order back to Rome.
Octavian's rise to power began during Julius Caesar's lifetime. “In 47 B.C. he went to Hispania (modern-day Spain) to fight alongside Caesar. He was shipwrecked along the way, and had to cross enemy territory to reach his great-uncle; an act that impressed Caesar enough to name Octavius his heir and successor in his will.”(Augustus). By the time of Caesar's assassination, Octavian defeated the conspirators who murdered Caesar in a series of battles and divided Rome's lands among them. This lead to the establishment of The Second Triumvirate, in which they shared the power among the divided territories with Mark Antony in charge of Egypt and East, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus with Africa and Octavian the West. Over time, the alliance that formed fell apart. Lepidus was old, and his lands were rapidly annexed by Octavian. Meanwhile, Mark Antony had a scandalous romantic and political affair with Cleopatra in Egypt. Octavian attained Roman support against Mark Antony by claiming that he had gone against Roman values by mar...
With the problems starting with the dissolution of the first triumvirate and the actions of Julius Caesar, it seemed almost inevitable that the Republic would become an Empire. With the death of the true republican, Cicero, and many not remembering what the republic was like, giving power to the capable and honorable man seemed as if the best answer. Furthermore, if the Rome continue to remain a Republic the Senate could not have maintained the success or power that the Empire held. The ambition of one man made it easy to continue the growth whereas, many of the policies and disputes the country faced had face might have taken to long or complicated had the republic
The second Triumvirate was formed after the death of Caesar to get revenge. This Triumvirates wanted to stop Brutus and Cassius from having great power. The first Triumvirate that Brutus was part of, show how important he was. Brutus was thought to be honest, noble, educated and well respected. His role in the death of Caesar would be the start of many changes. 5
For a long period of time, Rome seemed like an unstoppable empire. It conquered the majority of the land surrounding it, including Greece, Turkey, Iraq, and many of its other neighboring countries. It seemed as though Rome would conquer the entire world, as it was the center of it, until it began to decline in 476 C.E. The very aspects that made it so successful were the ones that caused its collapse. Various political, religious, and economic reasons caused its downfall. The fact that the entire economy of Rome collapsed and money became worthless was a major reason for the empire’s collapse. In addition, the loss of a common religion and lack of efficient ruling in relation to its vast territory affected the empire. The Roman Empire did not become so successful in a short period of time, and so its decline did not just happen overnight. Over several years all of these different aspects together caused the fall of the Roman Empire.
As a young adolescent, Octavian demonstrated his leadership ability long before having thoughts of becoming the first emperor of Rome. His strengths, features, and accomplishments as a military leader show only a part of his great political skills he possessed. After the murder of Octavian’s great uncle, Julius Caesar, in 44 BC; Octavian along with Mark Antony, and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate. The three men lead their armies into Rome. The Roman Assembly granted the Second Triumvirate full power for five years. With full backing of the Roman Assembly, Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus raged a dreaded campaign against all those who opposed them.
To understand the Roman Condition, we must first understand how it got from a thriving empire to an empty shell in the span of 200 years. From the year 14 – 180 AD, there were five good emperors which attempted to reestablish a republic type empire. They restored the senate and established a new succession line. Previously, since the establishment of the empire, succession was limited only to the Julio-Claudine bloodline.
The reasoning for all this conflict was that Caesar felt that he needed to redeem himself and uphold his family name. He was on a conquest to have the most power and and money. And it would also help him keep
The decline and fall of the Roman Empire is a scholarly article written by Justin Ott about the Roman Empire and the events leading up to its fall. The article mostly focuses on the military and economy of Rome in the third century A.D. It lists in the beginning a few of the different theories people have of how Rome fell, including led poisoning and the spread of Christianity. The article seems to want to disprove these theories, showing how they are not the main causes for the collapse of Rome. “Gibbon’s arguments in these sections can be accurately summarized as “the insensible penetration of Christianity in the empire fatally undermined the genius of a great people.” The problem with this conclusion is two-fold. First of all, this explanation is too narrow as it is difficult to believe one single factor brought down the empire. More importantly, it is clear that the Eastern Roman Empire was by far more Christian than the West, therefore if Christianity was behind the fall, the East should have fallen first.” The article’s audience appears to be historians, or those who are interested in history, or just the Roman Empire. It
Ultimately, the Roman Republic’s downfall lay in its lack of major wars or other crises, which led to a void of honor and leadership. War united all of Rome’s people, and provided the challenge to its leaders to develop honor and leadership by their causes and actions. The lack of war allowed the Roman Republic to stagnate and become self-indulgent. By the end of the Punic Wars, which combined these elements, Rome was sure to fail. Without a common thread uniting its society, the Roman Republic unraveled because it had nothing left holding it together.
Social apathy was beginning to spread throughout the empire. The majority of citizens were neglected forcefully excluded from political participation, rejected from the army and had no other choice but to live off the land (Document 4). This oppression towards the people caused many citizens to feel like the old civilization was not worth saving (Document 4). Furthermore, corruption and turmoil grew in the political system of Rome. From 235-285 C.E Rome lost eight emperors to assassinations (Document 1). The government’s desire for money became more important than its job to protect its citizens. In Rome wealthy lawbreakers go unpunished, while the poor were forced to undergo their chastisement (Document 6). The state was beginning to lose three virtues it was built on: patriotism, discipline and devotion to duty. The lack of these three values weakened the social and political systems.
After Caesar named Augustus his heir to the throne, he was denied everything except Caesars name. However, Augustus accepts Caesars name and then sets out to destroy all those who were enemies to his adopted farther. Augustus took out huge loans from the bank, giving the money to the citizens of Rome, making them favour him. He then turned his attention to his fathers enemies. Did this by skilfully attacking the senate for killing Caesar, and blaming Antony for not doing enough. After this Antony flees Rome and Augustus is elected consul by a terrified senate. “At the age of nine-teen, on my own initiative and expense, I raised an army to restore liberty to the republic.” (Res Gestae Divi Augusti). Augustus and Antony clash, but resolve their differences when the treaty of Brundisum is negotiated. Augustus promises his sister Octavia to Caesar to strengthen the pact. This already demonstrates how good a leader Augustus was, the citizens of Rome favoured him, the senate began to fear him and he had avoided complete civil war. The next step for Augustus was to eliminate the men who had conspired to kill Caesar. Antony and Augustus joined their legions together and swiftly killed Brutus and Cassius. Now unlike Caesar before him Augustus recognised that he had a number of enemies in the senate, Augustus proscribed members of the senate, and purged all his enemies from the senate. Augustus then offered clemency, appearing merciful but knowing that there were no more enemies in the senate. Augustus then cleverly devised away to make it much harder to be assonated, the Praetorian Guard. The Praetorian Guard was effectively a small army of one thousand strong, loyal only to the Emperor. Augustus also appeared as a great peacekeeper. When