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History of soccer (document
History of soccer (document
Baseball history report
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1. Background
Games nowadays are mainly for relaxation and pleasure. Most of us play football, basketball, tennis, golf, and so forth. Have you, nonetheless, ever thought about one interesting phenomenon in sports which is ball is always used to play? People invented numerous forms to have entertainment with balls. However, what is the reasoning behind this interesting myth?
2. Objectives
The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the reasons why both ancients and people nowadays created various kinds of physical activities with balls in two domains, which are historical and social-psychological. A model, hopefully, can be suggested after the investigation.
3. Method
To acquire reliable and professional information and data, two books were deeply analysed and two face-to-face interviews were conducted with a sports psychology professional, Professor Cindy Hui-Ping SIT and a Hong Kong Football Youth Team (U18) member, Mr. A (pseudonym).
The mentioned books are The Ball: Discovering the Object of the Game by John Fox and Ball, Bat and Bishop: THE ORIGIN OF BALL GAMES by Robert W Henderson.
Open questions and personal expressions were mainly involved in the interviews. Questions asked are shown in the appendix.
4. Results and Analysis
4.1. Historical support
With regard to the historical reasons of origin of ball, it is more suggestive than conclusive. (Henderson, 1947) The origin of ball games actually puzzled scholars because there are plentiful tales about how balls were conceived.
(i) Ancient Rituals
Some historians interpreted balls as the head of Osiris, while some thought it was a symbol of the sun. They are, indeed, believable deductions supported by evidences and ancient cultures.
First an...
... middle of paper ...
...histories are events happened a long time ago and they may have deviations. Small sample size is another barrier for the accurate results of this research because the model can be strengthened if there are more interviewees.
Works Cited
Aztec History (2013). Ancient aztec games. Retrieved from http://www.aztec-history.com/ancient-aztec-games.html
Brown, S. (n.d.). Balls - playing with balls. Retrieved from http://babyparenting.about.com/od/activitiesandplay/qt/toddlertoyballs.htm
Fox, J. (2012). The ball: Discovering the object of the game. New York: Harper Perennial.
Henderson, R. W. (2001). Ball, bat, and bishop: The origin of ball games. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
The Oxford Dictionaries (2014). Ball: definition of ball in Oxford dictionary (British & World English). Retrieved from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/ball
“Soul of the Game.” Sporting News, 2000. http://www.sportingnews.com/features/jackie/ TIME. The. Great People of the 20th Century. New York: Time Inc.
Book Report on Baseball: A History of America's Game by Benjamin G. Rader In "Baseball: A History of America's Game", the Author Benjamin G. Rader discusses the history of baseball and how it developed to present day. Rader explains how baseball started as a simple game consisting of no rules besides the players using a stick to hit a ball and its constant evolution to what the game is today. He also displays several issues which America's favorite sport has had while developing into the complex sport it is today. Although baseball has had several trials and tribulations throughout its history, it still remains America's favorite pastime.
The imaginative recreation of sport as play has become the world. There is not the slightest sign here of any other reality; even the existence of a creator external to the play-world may now only be inferred (Berman 219).
In the early 20th century, baseball became the first professional sport to earn nationwide attention in America. Because it was our first national professional team sport, because of its immense popularity, and because of its reputation as being synonymous with America, baseball has been written about more than any other sport, in both fiction and non-fiction alike. As baseball grew popular so did some of the sportswriters who wrote about the game in the daily newspaper. Collectively, the sportswriters of the early 20th century launched a written history of baseball that transformed the game into a “national symbol” of American culture, a “guardian” of America’s traditional values, and as a “gateway” to an idealized past. (Skolnik 3) No American sport has a history as long—or as romanticized—as that of the game referred to as our “national pastime.”
From the age of folk games to the age of televised sports (5th ed.). (pp. 62-63).
Since the early 1400s BCE, people of this era have played one of the earliest known forms of a sport that involves two teams and a rubber ball played on a court. Based on archaeological evidence, Tlachtli (which translates in English to “ball game”) is thought to have been played by the civilizations of Mesoamerica including the Aztec, Maya, Olmec, and Toltec. The game was more than a sport to these people. It was a means of settling conflicts and maintaining social harmony, it was a very important part in the ritualistic lives of those cultures. The most fascinating aspect of this sport is what set it apart from other ritual-based events of these cultures. Based on how you played in the ball game was a matter of life and death. As seen on murals and carvings showing the ball game, the sport was linked to rituals involving human sacrifice. Shrouded in speculation and myth, the sacred game of Tlachtli remains one of the most fascinating and intriguing mysteries of the Mesoamerica civilizations. This paper will touch basis on how this sport played a part in shaping the lives of these Pre-Columbian civilizations.
The game of golf is one of the oldest of today’s modern sports. Its exact beginnings are not known; however, some historians trace golf back to the Stone Age while others claim it originated from the “idle antics of shepherd boys knocking small stones into holes in the ground with a crook while their flocks grazed nearby” (Peper 1). Researched back to the time of the Roman Empire, it is also believed the sports-oriented Romans played a forerunner of the game of golf called paganica. This sport involved the use of a bent stick and a ball stuffed with wool played in the open countryside.
In the late 1800’s pinball was nothing more than a box with an angled board full of nails called a Bagatelle. Some had legs while others lay upon a table. It had a few numbered holes drilled into the wood so the ball could drop in and amass a score. Seen mainly at fairs and amusement parks, a lack of excitement was its first and most obvious hurtle with curiosity its only attraction. Ultimately, there was little to keep players coming back.
In America, it all began in the industrial age, which brought long work weeks and boring jobs. The employees across the nation were in need of a break. Ever since the mid-nineteenth century, white American settlers began to participate in organized sports such as baseball, football, basketball, curling, and bowling. In as early as 1820, a game involving a bat, bases, and a ball was evolving in the
Olivova, Vera. Sports and Games In The Ancient World. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984. Print.
This game of a stick and ball has captivated the United States during good and bad times. In either time most of us today can remember stories of players from the late 1800’s to early 1900’s. These are legendary figures in the sport of baseball that have are celebrated as hero’s and in scandal, i...
Throughout history, sport has played an important part in many cultures and civilizations. Historically, sport was used in the industrial revolution to make workers feel that the everyday activities were normal. Sport gave workers a sense of stability and structure that
The Web. Menke, Frank G. The Encyclopedia of Sports. South Brunswick and New York: A.S. Barnes and Company, 1987. Print.
Owens, Thomas and Helmer, Diana Star. The History of Soccer. New York: The New York Times. Rosen Publishing Group, Power Kids Press, 2000.
Jarvis, P., Brock, A. & Brown, F. (2009). Three perspectives on play. In A. Brock, P. Jarvis