Whole Language versus Phonics
Whole Language versus Phonics has been a question among many top educational groups for years. Which is the best way to teach kindergarten children the proper way to speak and learn the English Language? There are many valid reasons why experts argue for both phonics and/or whole language. Both seem to be exceptional ways to master the English Language. The purpose of this research paper is to compare phonics versus whole language and to determine how technology can support each approach.
The history of the use of phonics dates back to the 1700’s. Backs then, children were taught to read through their memorization of the twenty-six-letter alphabet. Since many books hadn’t been written, their primary textbook was the Bible. Although there is no accounts for when whole language originated some believe that it was around the same time as phonics. The whole language reading method was widespread for thirty years, from around 1940 to 1970. From around 1970 to 1990, phonics was popular. Whole Language gained the most recent foothold around 1990. (Stahl 1996) Several times they have gone back and forth. The debate over whole language and phonics has gone on for years. Which way is best in teaching children how to read? The education world has been debating this issue for years and there still are no exact answers. In more recent year’s instruction specialist have argued that some sort of middle ground should be reached because it would give children the benefits of both. (Cromwell 1997) Some form of middle ground needs to be obtained if children’s needs are going to be met.
What is whole language? It is the process of learning a language through whole word teaching. Combining reading, writing and s...
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Frederick Douglass was born into the institution of slavery in 1817, in Tuckahoe, Maryland. Frederick Douglass did not know the exact date of his birth so he adopted February 14th, because his mother used to call him her "little valentine." Douglass knew very little about his mother since she was a field hand on the plantation some twelve miles away, and tragically she died when he was a very young boy. Douglass did not know who his father was, but it was rumored he was the son of his white slave master, Aaron Anthony.
X, Malcolm. "Learning to Read." Rereading America. 9th ed. Boston/NewYork: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2013. 189-97. Print.
––––Frederick Douglass was born into bondage, but with a lifetime of work became the most influential abolitionists and authors of the 1800’s. Douglass’s early life consisted of moving and going to different masters. When Douglass finally escaped his bondage, he spent his time talking about his life as a slave at abolitionist conventions. Later on Douglass wrote autobiographies explaining his life as a slave. Frederick Douglass was an influential abolitionist who did everything in his power to abolish slavery.
Frederick Douglass, who was born into slavery around 1818, will forever remain one of the most important figures in America's struggle for civil rights and racial equality. As an ex-slave, his inspiration grew beyond his boarders to reach the whole world. Without any formal education, Douglass escaped slavery and became a respected American diplomat, a counselor to four presidents, a highly regarded speaker, and an influential writer. By common consent Douglass’s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave (1845) is recognized as the best among the many slave narratives that appeared before the Civil War. He amazed people when he spoke bravely in his Fourth of July speech. He spoke out against oppression throughout America and abroad, and his struggle for freedom, self-discovery, and identity stands as a testament for all time, for all people. Although some people accused him of lying, exaggerating, and using his narrative and his well-known Fourth of July speech as part of an abolitionist plot, Douglass was able to clearly demonstrate his talents, sensitivity, and intellectual capacity by revealing the truth about the lives, culture, and psychological struggles of American slaves.
of the Labour Party and the growth of the TUC and the emergence of the
Why Labour lost in 1951 is a highly debated topic within the world of politics. To understand why Labour lost in 51 it is important to understand some of the issues Labour had to face during their time in government from 1945-51. One of the major issues Labour had to face was how to rebuild Britain following the end of the Second World War, it also had to face the decolonisation of the British Empire and the loss of key figures within the party due to age and illness by 1951. After researching the topic thoroughly, I Would argue the main reason Labour lost in 51 was because the government of the loss of a number of major political figures including the Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin.
Politics is today commonly associated with ‘party politics’ where each party represents a certain group of people in Parliament and considers issues through a specific lens. Britain has three main political parties; first, the Conservative Party on the right, which advocates the encouragement of private property, the preservation of a strong military, and the conservation of traditional cultural values. Second, the Labour Party on the left which is closely affiliated to trade unions, promotes nationalization, a welfare state and a Keynesian approach to economics; and the third, Liberal Democrats at the centre who put an emphasis on individual liberty, equality, a mixed economy, a developed welfare state and a reformed democratised system of government. Their main roles are both on the long term and on the short term. The long-term goals of a political party include public engagement where parties ignite the public’s interest and incite them to participate in debates in a sustained manner. A political party’s short-term role would be the mobilisation of the population, which looks at how people vote in one instance, in a referendum or an election for example. However, if one looks more closely at how effective political parties are in terms of their roles in society, we can notice a gap between what they aim to achieve and the observable outcome. This suggests that there have been changes in the way political parties operate, which could lead to the decline of the parties. This essay will argue that first, party organisation can cause a decline in memberships and lead to a decline of a party. Second, a change in society can affect the parties; class and partisan dealignment has pushed parties to transform themselves when it comes ...
Some people think eating healthy and exercising daily is too time consuming and expensive. The Department of Health and Human Services recommend that a person get two and a half hours of moderate exercise or an hour and fifteen minutes of intense exercise a week (n.d., paragraph 2). The Department also suggests a half an hour of exercise minimum daily (n.d.,paragraph). Unfortunately to some, those thirty minutes are thirty minutes more than they want to spend or have the time to spend exercising. The cost of eating healthy can also be more than people are willing or able to spend. The healthiest diets seem to cost about $1.50 more than the least healthy diets, which is on average $550 a year (Eating healthy vs. unhealthy diets cost about $1.50 more per day, 2013, 1,3). For some people, the time and money seem to overpower the benefits of treating the body correctly to ensure its longevity. The benefits of healthy eating and moderate exercise far outweigh the monetary cost and...
This article provides the rationale for introducing a phonics screening check in Australian schools, detailed explanations of its development, implementation, and result in English schools, and also recommendations for a phonic screening in Australia. Furthermore, the author has attempted to research and document a method that is believed can improve Australian children literacy level and their reading ability not only nationally but also internationally. By implementing the Year 1 Phonics Screening Check and demonstrate how systematic phonics is being taught across the country and in individual schools, it is believed that it can improve teaching methods. The article makes an exceptional initiation to implement new education policy scheme in Australia. Despite there was a lot of research in this teaching method, seeing the result and evaluation in the implantation in Australia will add new knowledge on this
Four phases of reading development have been established (Ehri 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999) : pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic and consolidated alphabetic. These phases has led to the core understanding of children's reading development, apart from the pre-alphabetic phase phonological awareness skills are seen throughout the phases.
Schakel, Peter J., and Jack Ridl. "Everyday Use." Approaching Literature: Writing Reading Thinking. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2008. 109-15. Print.
The second ethical responsibility will be the explanation to clients. Before conducting the assessment with the client, the counselor is supposed to explain the nature and also the purpose of the assessment that is going to be conducted. Counselors are also supposed to explain about the specific use of the client’s results by potential recipients. All these explanations are to be given in the language that the client speaks or can understand clearly. Counselor are also supposed to consider the client’s personal life, the nature of their relationship, their family, their habits and their career ambitions which is basically the client’s personal context before explaining the results to them. Counselor can also consider the client’s cultural context too such as how the client is influenced cultural wise before explaining the assessment results to them. Counselors are also asked to consider the client’s lev...
No approach is going to be perfect for every student. As the counselor, the issues or obstacles must be identified to best support all students. An assessment that works very well for one student may not be beneficial at all to another. The Kuder Navigation tool is exceptional because it provides immediate feedback and results for the student. Information is readily available immediately after submitting the online questions. However, data may be skewed and provide incorrect insights if students are not honest in their responses. Another drawback is that results can vary each time the assessment is completed. Over time people change and the response that is given one day to a particular question may be different the next day depending on the student’s mood, behavior, or situations. It is important for counselors to not rely on one tool for all students and to reassess
The Labour party has had a long and tenuous history in British politics and has helped shape Britain into the great nation it is today. Whether it was the post-war majority government of Clement Atlee deriving from the ‘bowls of the trade union movement’ or the so called new labour government under Tony Blair, the Labour party have been integral in the progression of modern British politics and has a long and interesting history.
readers: A perspective for research and intervention ―[Electronic version]. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11(4), 289-312.