In this research paper I will attempt to explain what whippets are. I will try to give the necessary information to show the benefits and possible side effects. I will discuss a brief history of the gas and how young adults obtain the chemicals to make “whippets”.
Whippets are charge dispensers that deliver nitrous oxide as (en.wikipedia.org) describes. Nitrous oxide is a colorless, non-flammable gas. It has a slightly sweet taste and odor. It is non-toxic and non-irritating and when inhaled in small quantities can produce mild hysteria and giggling or laughter. That is why it is also referred as the "laughing gas". When inhaled in pure form it will cause death by asphyxiation because at atmospheric temperatures and pressure, the oxygen in nitrous oxide is not available to the body. (www.idavette.net)
Nitrous Oxide gas was first discovered by English scientist in 1772 and was first published about in 1776. Through his experiments he discovered Nitrous oxide's analgesic effects in 1800. From 1800 to 1840, Nitrous was primarily used for recreation at traveling public shows, but in 1844-1845 Nitrous was recognized as having some medical use in dentistry. In the late 1800's William James published some accounts of his work with Nitrous Oxide and called its effects of "some metaphysical significance". Nitrous has remained popular throughout the 20th Century and is sold over the counter in small cartridges ("whippets") for making whipped cream and in large tanks for industrial and medical purposes.
Whipped cream dispensers are the most common used by young adults. The nitrous oxide is then inhaled. Many people use nitrous oxide for the benefit of its psychological effects. Long-term use in large quantities has been associated with symptoms similar to vitamin B12 deficiency: anemia and neuropathy. It can be habit-forming, mainly because of its short-lived effect and ease of access. Its use is thus restricted in many districts such as California. (en.wikipedia.org)
Nitrous oxide causes euphoria, dizziness, and, in some cases, a mild aphrodisiac effect. It can also result in mild nausea or dizziness if too much is inhaled in a short time. The anaesthetic function of nitrous oxide is not completely understood, but it is thought that the gas interacts with the plasma membranes of nerve cells in the brain and thus affects the communication among such cells at their synapses.
Nitrous oxide induces a state of behavioral disinhibition, analgesia, and euphoria. Unless the compound is administered with at least 20 percent oxygen, hypoxia can be induced.
Nyquil has many side effects when miss used or when recommended dosage is exceeded. The consumer is not to use this product with any other products containing acetaminophen. Nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness are all side effects of this product. It causes drowsiness and can cause excitability in children. This is not to be taken if you have heart disease, asthma, emphysema, thyroid disease, diabetes, glaucoma, high blood pressure, breathing problems, excessive phlegm (mucus), chronic bronchitis, persistent or chronic cough, cough associated with smoking, and difficulty in urination due to enlargement of the prostate gland. Nyquil is also not to be taken if you consume more then 3 alcoholic drinks every day. Acetaminophen may cause serious liver damage.
War is often followed by change; World War I is no exception. World War I is often labeled the cause for the rise of a feminine revolution-“the flapper”. Before the term “flapper” began to describe the “young independently-minded woman of the early Twenties” (Mowry 173), the definition that is most prominent today, it had a 300-year long history. The young woman of the 1920’s was new and rebellious. In her appearance and demeanor, she broke the social constructs of her society.
In a nicotine overdose nausea, vomiting, confusion, dizziness, weakness, coma, convulsions and respiratory and cardiac arrest can occur8
At first, the victim will feel a burning or tingling sensation on their lips, tongue, and in their limbs. This is then followed by sweating, headaches, weakness, lethargy, incoordination, tremors, paralysis, cyanosis, aphonia, dysphasia, and seizures. Later the victim will experience severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. As the poison sits in the body, the victim will experience respiratory issues and will have trouble breathing and speaking. They will experience a lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a lower pulse, and heart rate. The victim will most-likely become completely paralyzed but usually remains conscious and lucid for 4 to 6 hours; although, some victims will end up in a
Narcan is a drug used to reverse the effects of opioids, specifically the effects on breathing. When a person overdoses on opioids, such as heroin and some pain medications, their breathing slows and may even stop, potentially causing damage to their brain due to the lack of oxygen. Narcan reverses the opioid effects, allowing the person to breathe again, but also taking away the high. Some people who recover from the overdose too quickly become agitated and “come out swinging”. That is the danger EMTs face when administering Narcan.
These effect will appear a few hours after usage and disappear in hours or days: Physical effects like, numbness, muscle weakness and trembling, rapid reflexes, increased blood pressure, heart rate, and temperatures, impaired motor skills and coordination, dilated pupils, nausea and sometimes seizers.
For activists concerned about the safety of PZP, in the studies done by Fitzpatrick, it was found that PZP in wild horses had no permanent or negative effects on wild horses- the same studies were done on pregnant mares. PZP had proven more positive effects on the condition of the horses, for example, there was increased body condition in the horses, as well as increased longevity. Compared between foals from treated and untreated horses, the foals of treated horses were found to develop better body conditions than their untreated counterparts.
Unfortunately, morphine can have side effects that may result in suppression of the central nervous system and ventilator failure. In addition, morphine may aggravate bradycaradia, hypotension, and in small cases respiratory depression. Naloxone is given to patients in order to aid in reversing these negative effects of morphine. With large doses of morphine, nausea and vomiting are potential side effects and may be treated with a phenothiazine. For theses reasons, morphine continues to be researched for the treatment of pulmonary edema (Cotter, et al., 2001).
Laughing gas or nitrous oxide combined with oxygen is another form of minimal sedation. The dentist determines the amount of sedation needed, and patients find the effects wear off quickly. Patients who choose this option drive themselves home after the dental work is finished, and this is the only type of sedation where this is an option.
The effects of inhalant use are many. Almost all the abused products offer effects similar to those of anesthetics, which are slowing down the body functions. Depending upon the dosage, the user may feel a slight stimulation, less inhibition, or lose consciousness altogether. There is also something called Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome. This means that the user can die after one inhalant use or after many. Immediate effects inhalants offer are nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, feeling/looking tired, bad breath, lack of coordination, and loss of appetite. There is considerable damage to ones heart, kidney, brain, liver, bone marrow, and other organs. Mothers who use inhalants during their pregnancy will leave their baby to suffer similar results of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. There are many long terms effects as well. Permanent brain damage can occur. A person doesn’t even have to be doing it for very long before the brain starts to get clogged. Loss of memory is one of the first signs of brain damage.
dangerous for the body, and can many times lead to being very ill or death.
Other causes of narcotic effects are uncertain. Nitrogen is classified as an inert gas since it doesn’t partake in any chemical reactions in the human body therefore the effect should be because of a physical reaction. Testing other inert gases such as argon, neon and xenon resulted that the narcotic effect at depth correlated with relative weights of the individual molecules ; an increase in molecular weight meant a greater narcotic effect. Other test have also found correlations between inert gases that are more soluble in fat that water having a stronger narcotic effect. However because of the many inconsistencies and generalizations with these gases these theories are still uncertain and so we just stick with depth as the key indicator and measure of when and how nitrogen narcosis occurs.
Introduced during World war II. Napalm would be used on the soldiers in entrenched positions.
In the early stages of the war with the Soviet Union the Einsatzgruppen or know as the "mobile killing squads." the first to find such a method was arthur Nebe, the commander of the Eninsatzgruppen B. His men had been receiving mantle anguish by doing all the kill with guns. They also seemed to have a problem killing young children and woman. That's when the started to look for an alternative way to kill them. The first gas vans were ready in September 1941. They were tasted out on soviet prisoners of war. The second test was attend by two chemists by the names of Dr. Walter Hees and Dr. Theodor Frierich Leidig. Leidig said the following about the gassing at the post war trial in West Germany : " the van was opened some bodies fell out, others were removed by prisoners. As our chemists had predicted, the bodies had the pinkish tinge typical of victims of carbon monoxide poisoning. Fifteen gas vans were in operation in German occupied Soviet territory that's were the Einsatzgruppen put them. Two vans were for the use in Latvia and Estonia and all the areas between those two and the eastern war front.
The most lethal asphyxiants that cause asphyxia are Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, and Hydrogen Sulfide. They alter the utilization and transportation of oxygen to the brain cells (Borron, & Bebarta, 2015). The chemical process that leads to this complication is the combination of these chemicals with the mitochondrial cytochrome thus causing oxidation. According to Borron, & Bebarta, (2015), respiration at the cellular level is interrupted by the oxidation process while the carbon monoxide mixes with hemoglobin thus blocking the delivery of oxygen to the brain cells and tissues. The chemicals are recognized to be volatile and in the case of high concentrations, they may cause the victim to feel weak, lose consciousness, and experience seizures and tachypnea. If victims are removed from the chemicals immediately, recovery is possible. Between 10- 20 minutes after the victim has suffered from the inhalation of the chemical asphyxiants, specific antidotes such as sodium thiosulfate and nitrates can be