Whether to Fight France or England
That the United States was in a time of disrupted trade, economic distress and
shaky foreign alliances, demonstrates that war with either France or England
was inevitable, however, the United States was able to detain the war from
happening for about twelve years.
Relations between the United States and Great Britain had been strained
after the United States won its independence in 1783, but the greatest
problems developed during the war between England and France that broke
out in 1793. To prevent American neutral shipping from helping the French, the
British instituted extensive marine blockades of European ports. The resulting
seizures of American merchant shipping quickly brought demands for
retaliation in the United States. From 1794 on, however, tensions eased as the
administrations of George Washington and John Adams worked to avoid
diplomatic difficulties with the British.
In the years between 1803 and 1812 relations between the United States
and Great Britain again deteriorated sharply. France was now ruled by
Napoleon, and the European struggle became more widespread. Beginning in
1805 the British imposed much stricter marine blockades.
These orders severely restricted neutral trade with Europe. The effect of
these blockades was compounded by the British practice of impressment. The
British navy claimed the right to stop neutral vessels on the high seas to look
for "deserters." In the course of searching American ships, mistakes were often
made, and as a result many American seamen were impressed into the British
navy.
From 1807 to 1811 the Democratic-Republican administrations of Thomas
Jefferson and James Madison attempted to change British policies by economic
coercion, restricting British imports as well as American exports to Great Britain.
The most severe of these measures was the Embargo Act, passed in December
1807, which banned all exports and confined American shipping to the coastal
trade. When neither economic coercion nor negotiation changed British
policies, war sentiment built in the United States.
Adding to this time of tension between Great Britain and the United
States were the “War Hawks”. In 1810 young Democratic-Republican "War
Hawks" from the West and the South argued that the right to export American
products without losing ships and men had to be defended. They also objected
to the British inciting the Indians along the Great Lakes frontier and argued that
the British would be forced to change their policies if the United States attacked
Canada. Some believed that the future of republican government was in danger
if the United States could not successfully defend its rights. Others hoped that if
Canada was conquered it could be retained after the war.
The War Hawks protested the incursions being made by Great Britain on
Although Great Britain emerged victorious in the Seven Years War, it left Great Britain with significant debt. The British looked to America to help it. First the British began enforcing existing laws like the Navigation Acts, which put limits on colonial imports and exports. To enforce these laws better, the British passed the "Writs of Assistance" that gave officials warrants to search anything or anyone suspected of smuggling, anywhere or anytime. British warships would even patrol American harbors to catch potential smugglers. These smugglers, if caught, would be tried in the newly established Admiralty courts. In these courts, the accused had no right to trial by jury, and the judges pocketed a percentage of the fines. The British viewed these courts as insurance to make sure smuggling stopped, juries composed of Americans might be biased, so they were done away with.
Owen was livid when the British officials told him to abstain from capturing any vessels under a French flag and argued that this was the first time he had heard this and could have possibly changed his actions of capturing the Neirsee (Owen 174). In Owen’s opinion he had done his job, he captured a slaving ship flying a false French flag, and he had done no wrong. Especially because he had known it to be a fake French vessel and in fact a Dutch vessel carrying slaves (Owen 170). Of course British were outraged with their citizens being sold so they landed on the suspected island to search for them. This in their opinion was justified as well because the island had illegally bought people who were not even slaves so why shouldn’t they be allowed to save those citizens. The views of the British directly involved differ much from the officals because, in Owens case, fellow captain Badgeley had been killed in the incident so of course this situation was completely personal to
the Germans for the first time in the war. The Battle of Britain was a
At the end of the 18th century, an undeclared war was going on between the United States and France because of the recent XYZ affair; triggering a positive reaction by Federalists like Fisher Ames to convince the authorities to make the war official. Not knowing what to do, President John Adams appointed former-President George Washington as commander of the army to hopefully resolve the issue with France through diplomacy (as was Washington's stance).
o Hostile fleets have been encountered on them, prizes made, reason to have admiralty jurisdiction.
Of course the British have not only engaged in the violation of the rights of “neutral vessels” which they “…would be so prompt to avenge if committed against herself” but also “…of violating the rights and peace of our coasts.” (26) Madison contends that the British are enforcing a “pretended blockade” because the British do not have an adequate force present or the “practicability of applying one”. Madi...
British ships were invading American waters and attacking American ships, like in the incident between the Chesapeake and the Leopard. The American ship, the Chesapeake, was approached by the British ship, Leopard. When the Leopard approached the Chesapeake, it requested to search the ship for deserters. The Chesapeake denied the request, and when the messenger from the Leopard returned to the Leopard, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. The Chesapeake was unready for combat, and only managed to fire one shot at the Leopard. Three sailors died and 18 were wounded.
During the American revolutionary war the British navy was a large part of the oppression of the American people. As a fresh nation we had little to no defense against the greatest navy in the world at the time. Ships in our harbor allowed the brats to limits plies and put large quantities of troops onto our shores very quickly. This was demonstrated after the Boston tea party when the British navy cut the city of Boston off from trade even though the ship that stayed docked was not a naval ship it is still a demonstration of the water sorority of the British people during the revolutionary time.
Just as there were laws against sodomy on land so were there on the sea. Specifically Article 29 of the 1749 Articles of War which stated:
Should we chose the french? Should we chose the British? The US government had long thought about this in the 1800’s. The two opposing sides that had about this were the Federalists and the Republicans. The federalists wanted the french because they were ruthless and didn't hold back. On the other hand the republicans wanted the british because they didn't pose as much of a risk towards the country with international affairs and country growth.
The French and Indian War, a continuation of the Seven Years War that ransacked Europe from 1756 to 1763, had turned out to be the bloodiest and one of the most destructive American wars in the 18th century. Taking more lives than the American Revolution, it cosisted of people living on three continents, including the Caribbean islands. The war was a product of an imperial skirmish, between the French and English over colonial territory and wealth. Within these world powers, the French and Indian War can also be apprised of as an aftermath of the localized rivalry between British and French colonists.
The wars between England and Spain was a shifting of power in Europe. A cause of the wars was the imprisonment and execution of Mary Stuart Queen of Scots. The Netherlands wanting to break away from Spain was a cause of the war. Elizabeth sending aid and troops to the Netherlands was another cause of the war. Mary Stuart was the direct heir of Scotland.
1. What is the difference between Introduction 2. What is the difference between History 3. What is the difference between a's Planning / Preparation 4.
The Difference Between France and Britain Scholars from Aristotle onward have proposed that the characteristics of society directly affect the nature of government. If we apply this to Britain and France, we shall see that this proposal is definitely true. The difference between the British and French cultures becomes obvious when an assessment looks at their political systems, and each of the 6 structures, and the full range of the political culture's influence on each structure is understood. Political socialization is the learning of your political culture; it is the process of acquiring the values and beliefs of the political system. Older generations pass on values and beliefs to the younger generations, thus political socialization starts in the family.
‘he is not the one who has jurisdiction over the sea or holds the trident that