For Egypt, the 20th century was a time of great change. Egypt only gained independence from the British in 1922, when Fuad became king. However, many were unhappy with the way Fuad, and later his son Farouk ran the country and it sparked a historic uprising in the early 1950s, resulting in Gamal Abdel Nasser becoming President and declaring Egypt a Republic. Nasser’s presidency in Egypt presented a new, modern way of life to the public, leading to a period of profound economic and political change, not only in Egypt, but throughout the Arab world. During his time, Nasser revolutionized the economy and education, as well as improving the lives of the general public, particularly women. Through the close analysis of primary sources, and further research into historians’ work the influence of Nasser’s policies on the people will be evaluated.
Before 1953, Egypt’s economy was in disarray as the country was overpopulated and in copious debt due to British occupation policies. The aftermath of World War Two saw waves of civil disturbance and political instability in Egypt, continuing throughout the 1940s and the early 1950s. When Nasser became President he took it upon himself, not only to regain relationships overseas, but to bring his own country back to order, his first area of dramatic reform targeting landownership. In September 1945, Makram Ebeid, the Egyptian Finance Minister presented the government with a fully drafted bill aimed at enhancing the percentage of fertile land possessed by small landowners; giving more land to those who owned less than fifty acres. Abdel Rahman Al-Rafei Pasha further supported this in 1948, however it was evident that the inequalities remained because in 1950 more than one third of all fertile land was owned by just 0.5% of the Egyptian population. As Tarek Osman has recognized, Nasser’s reforms meant that by the end of 1955, of
At the beginning of the Suez Canal crisis many individuals felt hostility towards each other and the main concern was the ownership of the Suez Canal and to who exactly would gain the authority to run it on their own accord. In 1954 Gamal Abdul Nasser came to power in Egypt, he was once formally known as an Egyptian army officer, before becoming a politician. After the attack of the Israelis in Gaza, Egypt to protect Israel from hostility the Egyptians had been putting forward against them; many Egyptians felt hatred for the Egyptian king, this led to a democratic system being built and that was how Nasser came to power in a democratic society in which he was able to play on the hearts of Arab Nationalism. When the cold war began to surface Britain asked Egypt to join an anti-soviet alliance with them in times of need, for Egyptian Suez Canal was in the authority of Britain making Egypt an ally of the United Kingdom. Nasser refused saying t...
Ancient Egypt was a single tightly organized state for much of its history (Centanni, n.d.). In all its phases, the Egyptian government was led by the pharaoh. The pharaoh was held to be descended from gods, with the power to assure success and control the rituals that assured the flow of the Nile and the fertility derived from irrigation. Wanting gods to favor Egypt, the entire population of people did not hesitate to carry out laws that the pharaoh placed upon them. Egypt’s pharaohs claimed additional power and authority as actual incarnations of the gods
First, political Islam has rogue Egypt and held it down, suffocating the country, not allowing it to stand a chance. President Hosni Mubarak was ousted and people thought that Egypt was getting better. It has not been the case. While Zaki lives in faded luxury and chases women, Bothayna endures sexual harassment while working as a shop assistant to provide for her poor family after the death of her father. Meanwhile her boyfriend, Taha, son of the building's janitor, is rejected by the police and decides to join a radical Islamic group. Egypt is heading towards a bottomless abyss. Everything is controlled by the elite. Jobs are no more; it is preserved for the top. This increases the plight of the people and leads them into committing some of the acts seen in Islam as bad or as a taboo. The political elite are crashing its opponents and ensuring that whoever com...
...d took control of the Gaza Strip once again. Anwar el-Sadat then became president after Gamal Abdel Nasser died in 1970. In an effort to take control of the Sinai Peninsula, Anwar el-Sadat attacked the Israelis. After a cease-fire, the United Nation’s troops then returned to keep things peaceful. Israel then later withdrew and was only allowed to use it for non-military purposes. In 1978 a peace treaty was established between Egypt and Israel which influenced more peace in the Middle East. Although a formal treaty was signed in 1979. In 1981 Sadat was assassinated and Mohamed Hosni Mubarak followed him in presidency. The Sinai Peninsula was then returned to Egypt in 1982 after the Israeli troops withdrew from the region. Mubarak embraced Sadat’s policies and managed to climb to the top and be once again making Egypt known as one of the leaders of the Arab world.
The structure of Egyptian politics and state administration was also redefined during Ali’s rule. As the go...
In July 1952, the Egyptian government, headed by King Farouk, was overthrown in a bloodless coup led by the Free Officers, soon to be known as the Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). The revolution was ostensibly led by Muhammad Naguib but it was clear that he was a mere figurehead and in a little over two years, Gamal Abdel Nasser would assume the Presidency. Although the goals of the RCC were somewhat unclear at the start, Nasser would embark on a policy of creating an independent Egypt free from internal and external domination. It was the latter goal that would set Nasser on a collision course with the West, initially Great Britain and to a lesser extent France, but eventually the United States. As such, Nasser’s commitment to autonomy would make him a hero to many in the Arab World and a villain to the West. Accordingly, for the next sixteen years Nasser and the United States would forge a strained relationship that at times bordered on mutual hostility and on other occasions, would stop just short of friendship based on pragmatic considerations by each side. As such, a detailed study is in order of the relationship between the RCC and the United States beginning with the Egyptian Revolution and ending with Nasser’s death in 1970. Ultimately, one can conclude that each side sought to exploit the other based upon outside considerations pertaining to Arab public opinion and a fear of communism.
Egypt’s history stretches as far back as the ancient Egyptians where they faced many wars that they either emerged from victorious or defeated. Although Egypt had lost most of the modern era wars, it is still a country viewed with a strong military power. Modern Era wars started off with the first Arab-Isra...
Many researches believe that ancient Egypt is the founder of the modern country-state political and ruling system, but unfortunately, the truth is less pleased and democratic. We have no doubts that the Egyptian pharaohs were probably the first rulers to use religion and ideology for their own political and selfish motives as ruling the country, getting the support of their folk, but on the other side of the coin, they also used the frightening of their people and other brutal and bloody methods as a leverage for keeping the power in their hands and preventing any riots or other issues.
July 26 – The President of Egypt Gamal Nasser announces the nationalization of the Suez Canal. This is followed by the refusal of funding the Aswan Dam Project by the United States of America and the Britain. They blamed the state of the Egyptian Economy but many believe that it had more to do with Egypt’s decision to recognize China and buy weapons from Czechoslovakia, which at that time was controlled by the Soviet Union.
Covering the domestic and international domains, Nasserism combined elements of nationalism, anti-imperialism and Arab socialism. Emerging with unity, and international non-alignment, in the 1950s and 1960s, Nasserism was one of the most compelling political ideologies in the Arab world. Nevertheless, the scale of the Arab defeat in the Six Day War of 1967 severely damaged the standing of Nasser, and the ideology associated with him. The fall of Nasserism led to a direct conflict with Islamic-oriented political movements in the Arab world from the, particularly with the Muslim Brotherhood. The 1967 war fundamentally destroyed Nasserism and the movement. Although Nasser had lost the Six Day War, one can argue that he had still reestablished Egypt’s and the Arab World’s absent dignity from imperial powers, endorsed mass redistributive improvement, and for many Arabs represented the very essence of the Arab people and world. As a movement, Nasserism was prevalent upon its foundation. The vision that Gamal Abdel Nasser had great promise, granting Egypt and the Arab world freedom from imperial control, social equality through Arab socialist reform and essentially reclaiming identity under Pan-Arabism. With all this being said the historical course of the Middle East today is significantly different because of all these factors which were essentially exploited during the 1967 war. The war allowed social equality through Arab socialist reform and Pan-Arabism to be turn around which open the door for again Islamism to take its place. Although many aspects of Nasserism failed after 1967, Nasser’s attempt’s to bring equality and unity remains a powerful idea that has been unable to be replicated by present Arab leaders. Leading many to concluded that if the Six-Day War of 1967 would not have happened Nasserism
Egypt has seen its fair share of foreign influence “from Ottoman in the sixteenth century up to French and British in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.”1. Time and again Egypt’s society has been subjected to foreign empires. Egypt was subjected to British occupation from the 19th century into the 20th century. In the early part of the 20th century, Egypt was able to gain its independence from Britain, but not after years of rebellion and protest from the Egyptians.
The social and political climate of the United States had many similarities and many differences between the 1950s and the 1960s. Each of the two decades dealt with the evolution of civil rights within the nation, or the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. Moreover, as the nation’s economy continued to flourish, the United States was expected to resolve numerous issues and to maintain prosperity. Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy are both regarded as great presidents for the ways in which they handled the situations the United States encountered.
Once a monarchy now a republic, many years later the country has faced many conflicts and flounder times, most recent the revolution of 2011, which left the country in a broken state. With success and effort to rebuild, Egypt still faces some major economic challenges. These challenges range from: reestablishing security, bringing back business, reforming subsidies, and labor intensive industries and exports. Strengthening the country’s army and government is one of the most important challenges, but leading businessmen and attracting tourist, and billionaires to come back is another very difficult challenge. Reforming subsidies and ending government controlled industries, and exports are also issues that face current president, and the rest of the government. While broken, Egypt contributes to the world economy, by providing our raw resources, many previous innovations, and exports. Bouncing back from a revolution is tough, but Egypt can become beneficial to our businesses and labor force and way of life, by growing back into prosperous and tourist full country. It can also become a host for many big industries to boost its economy even more. If Egypt remains on the same track, they are bound to have a good economy, as we can see from changes like the real growth rate which doubled within 2014 to 2015. Another change is their unemployment rate it has decreased from 13% to
The country I decided to research is Egypt. Egypt is located in northern Africa along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The majority of the country however is located in northeastern Africa, but its Sinai Peninsula extends out into Southwest Asia, connecting the two continents. European nations wanted to colonize Egypt because it was considered to be a treasure, due to its fertile land and production of crops, such as: wheat, fruits, vegetables, corn, and cotton. Also because of its strategic location at the head of the Red Sea, that appeared valuable to countries such as Britain and France. Another reason was because they wanted to control Egypt in order to secure the main route to India, Malaya, Australia, New Zealand and to Hong Kong.This route was known as the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was viewed as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it allowed quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa. It also connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, built mainly with French money from private interest groups using Egyptian labor. Egypt was also targeted due to its weak economy and government, making it an easy target to imperialize. Egypt was colonized three times each by different civilizations. It was colonized by the Ottomans in 1517, by the French in 1799, and by the British in 1882. A key person involved in Egypts colonization was Muhammad Ali. After taking power in 1805, he strengthened the army and focused on cultivating the land. He also increased trade with Europe and sent officials to Britain to be educated.
...l, many Egyptians were beginning to detest the British occupation and the Wafd Party demanded for a constitutional monarchy. Later Hamida achieves great success and power that is unique for a woman, but power corrupts and absolute power absolutely corrupts, and eventually she will lose all the success and power to become a street prostitute working for Ibrahim Faraj.