What is Current.
First off, what is current. Current is expressed in a unit called Amps. Amps are a measurement of how many electrons pass per second. That is to say, a wire with 40 coulombs passing any point in a 2 seconds would be said to have 20 Amps of current (40 Coulombs (a unit of charge given as 6.24x1018 electrons) / time in seconds or in this case, 2 seconds. The Amp is also known as Coulombs per second) Another trick about current is that it is measured in the movement of the positive charge. Literally that is to say the current moves in oppostion to the electrons. This is because originally it was thought that the positive charge is what moved, both are viable, but in reality a positive charge is generally fixed since within an atom the electrons are migratory, while the protons and neutrons tend to be stationary.
What is AC/DC?
AC and DC literally stand for Alternating Current and Direct Current. Direct Current is very convenient and is used in many modern day utilities. For a circuit with DC the current is constanly in one direction, while the voltage remains constant. This makes for a simplistic circuit, for example a flashlight, The batteries are a source of electrochemical DC power and . However AC is called Alternating Current because the voltage changes from negative to positive a given number of times a second, this is also described as the frequency of the power. An example of this would be a motor ran by a hand crank. The inversing of charges creates a sinusoidal graph which looks something like figure 1 (given in radians). This makes for an unsteady power source and can often times be warped from the sinusoidal shape. So the main difference between AC and DC is the way the energy is transmitted.
Why are we using Alternationg Current today? There are a few reason although mainly it was due to the technology of the late 1800's and early 1900's. Nikola Tesla being one of the leading scientists for Alternating Current, created a way to run engines and also convert AC Volts and Amps. He came up with this while he was supposedly in a park in Budhapest. He sat down and drew out the basic diagram of a motor run by a magnetic flux.
In the article,"Energy Story", it tells you all about basic energy and how scientists found out how it works. It tells you about each part of an electron and what part is what. The center is called the Nucleus. Electrons and atoms move together to create what is known as electricity. Atoms and electrons flow through an object
Atoms are electrically neutral; the electrons that bear the negative charge are equal in number to the protons in the nucleus
During the late 1800’s, there was a time of great change. This was near the end of the industrial revolution in America. Some of the greatest inventions were invented during this time. We still use most of the inventions today, they are just modified to fit the needs of America today. 3 of the major inventions and innovations that came out of this time were the telephone, typewriter, and the incandescent light bulb.
The module AC/DC is directly related to the career path of the electrical linemen. In the module i learned about two types of electrical current, alternating (AC), and direct current (DC). In direct current (DC), the electric charge (current) only flows in one direction. Electric charge in alternating current (AC), on the other hand, changes direction periodically. The voltage in (AC) circuits also periodically reverses because the current changes direction. Electrical lineman work on power lines and other thing that have (AC) or (DC) current depending on what they are working on. Lineman work on electrically energized (live) and de-energized (dead) power line. They may perform a number of tasks associated with power lines, including installation or replacement of distribution equipment such as capacitor banks, distribution transformers on poles, insulators and fuses.
Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. Protons and electrons both have charges of equal magnitude (i.e. 1.602x10-19 coulombs). Neutrons have a neutral charge, and they, along with protons, are the majority of the mass in an atom. Electron mass, though, is negligible. When an atom has a neutral charge, it is stable.
Electromagnetism has a history that dates back over 200 years. The year 1700 was the first demonstration of an electromagnet, yet scientists didn't know much about electromagnetism (Bellis 1). In 1820, scientists had just started to get deep into electromagnets, Hans Oersted discovered that a conductor carrying an electric current was surrounded by a magnetic field (Bellis 2). Hans Oersted discovered this because his compass reacted to a battery when he connected them using wires. That is a big breakthrough because they can now make hypotheses about why the wire with current makes a magnetic field to rearrange the compass direction. In 1873, James Maxwell observed the interaction between positive and negative electrical charges (Brian, Looper 2000). Ben Franklin was the person to figure out that there is a positive and negative charge (Bellis 1). Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Without magnetism, electricity couldn't exist, without electricity, magnetism couldn't exist.
When introduced into an ionic solution, positively charged ions will be electrostatically attracted to the anode and the negatively charged ions will be electrostatically attracted to the cathode. This act of moving ions means that charges are able to move from anode to the cathode and complete the circuit. These moving ions are essentially the same as moving electrons (electricity). This process of putting electrodes into a solution, using a direct electric current (D.C.), and separating chemicals based on their charge is known as electrolysis
The mole number of an ion crossing the membrane from the dilute to the concentrate solutions during the time t is compared to the number of faradays involved in the operation. The ratio of the two numbers is called current efficiency.
In New York City during the late 1880’s, a fierce battle was raging between two great innovators of the age. The combatants, Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla, were fighting over the prize to power cities in the ever more industrial world. Thomas Edison championed his direct-current (DC) system whereas Nikola Tesla was proposing his system using alternating-current (AC). This “War of the Currents” ushered in the electrical age, from which our modern society arose. Just as the AC and DC electrical generating systems where diametrically opposed to each other; so were Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison.
Have you ever walked into a room, turned on a light, and wondered, “Who gave us the ability to do this?” Nikola Tesla is the man’s name. He invented Alternating Current, or AC, which is the electrical system that we use to power our world today. In this paper, I will be describing a few of Nikola Tesla’s innovations and how they inspired and impacted our way of life.
A particle accelerator is a machine that accelerates particles, such as a proton or electron, to extremely high energies. These particles are accelerated to about the speed of light and the only difference between a weak particle accelerator and a strong one is that the stronger particle accelerator’s particles will have more kinetic energy. All particle accelerators have the same 3 basic parts, a source of ions, a tube pumped to a vacuum where the particles can travel, and a way of speeding up the particles. The use of particle accelerators are good and can help scientist better understand the universe and subatomic particle relations.
When Tesla stepped foot in New York he came with the idea of alternating current, drawing his dea in the sand . To get his start he went to work for Edison who was working with direct current at the time. Edison took advantage of Tesla which lead to the “Battle of the Currents”. Edison invented the direct current which was very popular in its day and is still used. Direct current created a very dim light and could only travel for two miles. With this short distance, many power stations had to be built (A&E Television Networks). When Tesla came to America, in 1884, he worked on machines for Edison in his power stations. Tesla did not stay with Edison and quit soon after Edison refused to pay him for his work. Tesla said “I predict that very shortly the old-fashioned incandescent lamp, having a filament heated to brightness by the passage of electric current through it, will entirely disappear,” (“Tesla Universe”). By predicting this, he made alternating current better and more efficient than Edison’s direct current. It could travel for hundreds of miles, and created a bright light which was the total opposite of direct current. Alternating current was purchased from Tesla by Westinghouse for over 1 million dollars (William Harris). When Westinghouse took over, the popularity of alternating current skyrockete...
In the process of producing electricity, the anode in a battery produces electrons through an oxidation reaction while the cathode accepts these electrons creating electron flow [4]. Electrons are being carried and transferred by the electrolytes – that acts like a piece of metal between the anode and the cathode [4].
All useful generators of electricity come in two basic forms, alternating current and direct current. Direct current (dc) comes from generators that do not change in polarity, always producing a positive charge. In alternating current (ac) the polarity of the terminals is always changing from positive to negative. Thus you are left with alternating current flow. There are different ways of measuring and generating alternating and direct current.
Electric currents produce magnetic fields, they can be as small as macroscopic currents in wires, or microscopic currents in atomic orbits caused by electrons. The magnetic field B is described in terms of force on a moving charge in the Lorentz force law. The relationship of magnetic field and charges leads to many practical applications. Magnetic field sources are dipolar in nature, with a north and south magnetic pole. The magnetic field SI unit is the Tesla, it can be seen in the magnetic part of the Lorentz force law F magnetic = qvB composed of (Newton x second)/(Coulomb x meter). The smaller magnetic field unit is the