Laryngomalacia Laryngomalacia is, essentially, the congenital condition of being born with a soft larynx. This voice disorder presents with “inspiratory stridor that typically worsens with feeding, crying, supine positioning, and agitation.” Laryngomalacia can typically be recognized by a high pitched wheezing sound, which is caused by air trying to flow through a tight space due to obstruction of the larynx folding down from weakness. This sign of laryngomalacia is also known as stridor. “Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in newborns, affecting 45–75% of all infants with congenital stridor.” In a normal infant, the larynx would be held open by the sturdy cartilage in the laryngeal area of the throat. Laryngomalacia can be seen at birth, but is typically diagnosed by the age of four months. The symptoms of laryngomalacia include coughing, regurgitation while feeding, stridor, cyanosis, and gastroesophageal reflux. “The symptoms begin at birth or within the first few weeks of life, peak at 6 to 8 months, and typically resolve by 12 to 24 months.” The presence of laryngomalacia can be also sometimes be attributed to sleep apnea and feeding problems. (Landry and Thompson, 2011) “Laryngomalacia has a disease spectrum that can be divided into mild, moderate, and severe categories. These categories are not based on the quantity of stridor but rather by the associated feeding and obstructive symptoms.” Mild laryngomalacia can be described as having, “inconsequential inspiratory stridor”, meaning the infant will present with stridor but it will not affect his ability to breathe, and moderate laryngomalacia can be classified by showing signs of stridor and feeding-related problems that can usually be improved by acid sup... ... middle of paper ... ...iation techniques. References Goudy, S., & Wright, C. (2012). Congenital laryngomalacia: Symptom duration and Need for Surgical Intervention. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 121(1), 57-60. Groblewski, J., Shah, R., & Zalzal, G. (2009). Microdebrider-assisted supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 118(8), 592-597. Landry, A., & Thompson, D. (2011). Laryngomalacia: Disease Presentation, Spectrum, and Management. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2012, 1-6. Richter, G., Rutter , M., Thompson, D., & Wooten , C. (2009). Impact of Supraglottoplasty on Aspiration in Severe Laryngomalacia. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 118(4), 259-266. Zalzal G, Collins W. (2005). Microdebrider-assisted supraglottoplasty. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinology and Laryngology. 69, 305-309.
Flaccid Dysarthria falls within one of two major categories of motor speech disorders. Motor speech disorders are classified as either dysarthria’s or apraxia’s. Flaccid Dysarthria, which has to do with damage to the lower motor neurons, is only one of six categorized dysarthria’s, the others being as follows: Spastic Dysarthria, Ataxic Dysarthria, Hyperkinetic Dysarthria, Hypokinetic Dysarthria, and Mixed Dysarthria. Features of each of these dysarthria’s are distinctive due to the site of damage and can help with the diagnosis of the particular dysarthria.
OME is a highly concurrent disease in young children with adenoid hypertrophy. However, young children are not capable of voicing their symptoms of hearing loss or the parents pay less attention of the child’s hearing change; some of them with adenoid hypertrophy have ME in spite of no complaint of the hearing loss, which may be neglected if no accurate procedures for the assessment of the middle ear function are done.
Acute epiglottitis or often referred as “supraglottitis” is an infectious disease of the epiglottitis and surrounding supraglottic structures . Acute epiglottis has capable of rapid progression to complete airway obstruction as great as 18%, therefore achievement of airway patency remain the key elements in the airway management. There is no consensus on the optimum management of adult epiglottitis, however most literatures advocate immediate airway intervention in all patients with imminent or actual airway obstruction . We here highlight the challenges of the airway management in a patient of acute epiglottitis with upper airway obstruction and further emphasize the need of multidisciplinary approach including emergency physicians, ENT and anesthetics involvement.
• A U-shaped incision will be made under one side of your jawbone, just beneath your ear, and will continue below your larynx and up to the other side of your jawbone.
The symptoms of dysarthria may be slurred speech, nasality of sound, or quiet and slow speech (3).. These different impairments reflect the sub-sections in the 'motor symphony' that produces speech: The lips, tongue, teeth and jaw shape specific sounds; the soft palate channels air into either the nasal or oral cavity, producing different sound qualities; the larynx (voice box) makes the air vibrate through the vocal folds to create voice; and finally, the respiratory system powers this process (3).
Leung, A. (1999). Evaluation and management of the Children with Speech Delay. American Family Physicians, 3121-3128.
Stocks, M.D., M. S., Wang, M.D., W. C., Thompson, M.D., J. W., Stocks, M.D., M. C., & Horwitz, M.D., E. M. (n.d.). Malignant infantile osteopetrosis. Archives of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by AMA. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from http://archoto.com
Dysphagia can leads to aspiration pneumonia. During aspiration, the food or fluid passes through the vocal folds and enters the airway. It can be caused by impaired laryngeal closure or overflow of food or liquids retained in pharynx. This increases the risk of choking and aspiration pneumonia. Through coughing the body tries to free from aspiration that helps to clear food and fluid from lungs. However, silent aspiration is very dangerous because food and fluid penetrate the airway and move deep into the lungs that cause major respiratory problems. Dysphagia also results to malnutrition and dehydration. This increases the risk for pressure ulcer (Nozarko, 2010).
Her phonetic inventory is well developed. She has no troubles creating the age-appropriate speech sounds. The child is just above normal because she can produce more adult-like sounds than her peers. She has control over her articulators and she knows how to manipulate her oral cavity to produce the correct sounds.
“Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (B.S.)” Bloomu.edu. Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, 2014. Web. 28 April 2014.
However when the ability to hear is compromised, developmental norms are then in jeopardy. Cherry refers to the leading cause of hearing impairment/loss in the child as Otis Media/glue ear due to the immature immune system. Furthermore MacLeod-Brudenell (2008) highlights premature birth and physical differences in the child also impacting on he...
When I was a toddler I had a speech problem which the doctor did not realize right away. The symptoms that I had which
Nagarajan, Roopa, V. H. Savitha, and B. Subramaniyan. "Communication disorders in individuals with cleft lip and palate: An overview." US National Library of Medicine. US National Library of Medicine. Web. 10 Mar 2014.
The larynx, known as the voice box, consists of an outer casing of nine cartilages that are connected to one another by muscles and ligaments. There are three unpaired cartilages and six paired. The unpaired cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest and better known as the Adam’s apple. The cricoid cartilage is the most inferior cartilage of the larynx which forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest. Together, the thyroid and cricoid cartilages maintain an open passageway for air movement. The epiglottis and vestibular folds, or false vocal chords, prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx. The paired cartilages, accounting for the remaining six, include the arytenoid (ladl...
able to sound out the words. Not all children can do that. But if they can or could, what happens when your child gets