I. What is Cryptography
Cryptography is a secrecy technique where the users involved create an actual message but it is hidden in some way. One form of Cryptography is Steganography. This is another secrecy technique, a bit more ancient than cryptography itself. It has been used for thousands of years, but as a primitive form of secret messages. The word itself is a derivative of two Greek words: steganos means “covered” and graphein means to “write”. In ancient time, a man named Pliny the Elder used milk from a thitymallus plant as invisible ink. In Greece and in Persia they would shave a messenger’s head, write a message on his bald scalp, then wait for the hair to grow over it before sending him out to deliver the message. Sometimes they would go as far as to tattoo the message on his head. Obviously the message could not be extremely urgent. The technique of Steganography is not used much for security these days because it has become obscure. It does have strengths and weaknesses, one major weakness being that if the message is found, the secret is out.
Cryptography is another method used to hide the meaning of a message. Cryptography is also derived from the Greek, specifically from the work kryptos, which means “hidden”. Cryptography techniques are different from steganograhic techniques in that this technique is not hiding the actual message, only the meaning of the message. If the message would end up in the wrong hands, the use of cryptography would make sure that the message could not be read, whereas steganography would not, the message would be read. Usually a sender and a receiver would agree as to what kind of scrambling protocol they would use prior to attempting to send any message. They would also agree h...
... middle of paper ...
... Key and Private Keys." Public Keys and Private Keys. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
"History of Cryptography." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Mar. 2014. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
"Public-key Encryption for Dummies." Public-key Encryption for Dummies. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
"A Brief History of Cryptography." RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
"A Brief History of Cryptography." Thawte Crypto Challenge – Can You Be the First to Crack the Code in Our Cipher Challenge? N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
"NSRP: Cryptography." NSRP: Cryptography. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
"Cryptography Defined/Brief History." Cryptography Defined/Brief History. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
"Private Key (secret Key)." What Is ? N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
"Public and Private Key Encryption Systems." Public and Private Key Encryption Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
Nakamoto, Satoshi. "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System." Bitcoin. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. .
In July 2015, many of the world’s high ranking cryptographers published that the loss and destruction induced by adopting a key escrow system 20 years ago would be even more serious, that would be very hard to identify security weaknesses that could be misused by
Which was soon conceived through a RSA algorithm developed Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman creating a proof of concept. Leading quickly to many future iterations, continuously increasing in complexity and security
It is the discovering we just described that allowed Shannon to publish in 1949 his paper Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems in which he developed the concept of a Cryptosystem. To understand the revolutionary nature of this publication, we are now going to describe what cryptography was before its publication.
Information security today is a vast field, with more money, publications, and practitioners than all of computer science had a half-century ago (Diffie, 2008). The importance of information security in today’s society is exponentially greater than even ten years ago; businesses crumble at severe security breaches, people lose their identities, and countries lose well-kept secrets. Before this security came into importance, before widespread use of computers and other devices, it was known by another name; cryptology. The science of cryptology, cryptanalysis, and codes/code-breaking has actually played a concise and important role in history going back into the Renaissance era, and earlier. This science decided the fate of many lives and even turned the tides of both World Wars. Cryptographs in literature and letters , written by women, dating back into the Renaissance, during the 1600’s, ultimately lead to the execution of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, Queen Elizabeth’s second cousin. Communications during World War I and World War II between allied battalions were aided by code-talkers, men of multiple Native American heritages, who used native languages and developed codes found unbreakable by the enemy. Also during World War II, Alan Turing developed an electromechanical device called the ‘Bombe’, which was used at Blecthley Park , to decode encrypted transmissions from the German Axis soldiers who were using the Enigma Machine to encode their communications.
The RSA cryptosystem, imagined by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman , was pitched in the August 1977 issue of Scientic American. The cryptosystem is generally ordinarily utilized for giving security and guaranteeing legitimacy of advanced information. Nowadays RSA is sent in numerous business frameworks. It is utilized by web servers and programs to secure web traffic, it is used to guarantee security and legitimacy of Email, it is utilized to secure remote login sessions, and it is at the heart of electronic Visa installment frameworks. In short, RSA is much of the time utilized within provisions where security of advanced information is a worry.
In the rapidly developing field of computer science, there is no more controversial issue than encryption. Encryption has become a highly contested issue with the broad use of global networks including the Internet. As more and more sensitive documents are being placed on computer networks, and trusted information is being sent from computer to computer throughout the world, the need for encryption has never been greater. However, the effects of encryption on our lifestyle and the government's role in encryption has been (and will continue to be) debated for years to come.
Cryptography is normally associated with scrambling plaintext, which is known as clear content into figure message, the strategy which is known as encryption and back yet again is known as decoding. Individuals who utilize this approach are known as Cryptographers. Cryptographers while doing the encryption always remember certain things in mind before they proceed. They try to keep the code not understandable at greater extent, the data which can't be altered either away or in travel between the sender and planned recipient, Non-disavowal is the conviction that some individual can't deny something. It suggests the profici...
My project mainly focuses on relatively new field of study in Information Technology known as cryptography. This topic will take an in-depth look at this technology by introducing various concepts of cryptography, a brief history of cryptography and a look at some of the cryptography techniques available today. This will have a close look at how we can use cryptography in an open-systems environment such as the Internet, as well as some of the tools and resources available to help us accomplish this.
Steganography is ‘‘covered writing’’. Steganography is the hiding of a secret message within an ordinary message and the extraction of it at its target. Steganography takes cryptography a step farther by hiding an encrypted message so that no one guess it exists. Ideally, anyone scanning your data will fail to know it contains encrypted data.
The word steganography comes from the Greek name “steganos” which means hidden or secret, and the word graphy, which means writing or drawing. Put them together, and it literally translates to mean “hidden writing” (Richer, 2010). According to Dictionary.com, steganography is “the art of writing in cipher, or in characters, which are not intelligible except to persons who have the key; cryptography.” In the modern use of the word, steganography means the practice of hiding messages within larger messages so that others cannot detect what the message contains, or even that the message is there. It replaces redundant bits in images or other media with secret information from the hidden message. The redundant bits are used because they can be changed without making a noticeable change in the image or sound file.
My knowledge has grown over the past six years, outwith the areas of learning offered by school courses, and I see this course as an opportunity to gain new skills and broaden my knowledge further. My main interests are varied, including communications and the internet, system analysis and design, software development, processors and low level machine studies. I have recently developed an interest in data encryption, hence my active participation in the RSA RC64 Secret-Key challenge, the latest international de-encryption contest from the RSA laboratories of America.
In this research paper I want to shed light on encryption. After careful research it becomes clear that encryption has been around for centuries and used in various ways. There are two distinct methods of encryption: Public Key and Private Key. Each comes with its own set of pros and cons but Private Key is the more widely used method. Laws have been put into place to sanction the use of encryption products and devices. Information has been gathered from several different sources to also explain how encryption has impacted the past and how it will continue to shape our futures.
...tal part of lives just like privacy. Using cryptology provides mechanisms through a digital signature. This signature is inserted using a key (that only the writer of the email possesses) whilst a timestamp binds itself to the document. This type of cryptography is used to control access of security installations or pay-per-view television channels.
Image steganography is about hiding the message inside a message without any visible modifications to the real world. Digital image is the most common type of carrier used for steganography. A digital image is composed of finite number of elements each of which has a particular location and value (gray scale). The processing of these digital images by means of a digital Computer is referred as digital image processing. Images are used for steganography in following ways. The message in encrypted form or in the original form is embedded as the secret message to be sent into a graphic file. This results in the production of what is called a stego-image. Additional secret data may be needed in the hiding process e.g. a stegokey. The stego-imag...