What is special education? The definition of special education is complex and varies from state to state. The purpose of special education is to provide students with disabilities specially designed instruction to help them meet and reach their full potential. Special Education requires continuing planning, assessing, and monitoring of goals and curriculum used to meet their needs. To understand the importance of special education, we will look at the history of education and treatment of individuals with disabilities. What we now call general education has been around for nearly four hundred years. John Cotton established the first school in 1635 where Latin and Greek was taught. Even with the establishment of schools, many students were taught …show more content…
However, this law did not apply to students with individuals with disabilities. Many societies believed that individuals with disabilities were a cursed, work of the devil, and were abandoned or left to die. During the 1800-1900s, special institutions and schools were established to educate children with disabilities. The reasons for starting these schools were to offer humane treatment of individuals with disabilities and to remove them from the general society. The first two schools established were designed to educate individuals who were blind or deaf. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet established the first residential school the deaf in 1817. Legend goes that Thomas, working as a traveling salesman, looked out and noticed that his younger brothers and sisters were not playing alongside another young girl, Alice Cogswell. When he went out to investigate, he found this young woman was deaf and not knowing sign language, he pointed to his hat and spelled it out in the dirt. She understood him and he became inspired to teach this young …show more content…
In the early parts of the 20th century, parent advocacy groups like Council for Exceptional Children and National Association for Retarded Citizens worked to bring the needs of individuals with disabilities to the public eye. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy created the President’s Panel on Mental Retardation. The panel recommended changes to the educational programs and about providing states with federal funds to educate children with development disabilities. Many advocates credited and praised President John F. Kennedy as one of many pioneers of special education. Although advocates continued to fight for the rights of individuals with disabilities, students with disabilities were often denied access to public education and sent to special schools, asylums, or other facilities. While at most of these special schools, asylums, hospitals individuals with disabilities were often treated inhumanely, living in dirty facilities with little clothing, food, water, or education. Quality of life for individuals with disabilities was extremely dim. Parents were often torn with wanting what was best for their child and their family along with the high cost of residential treatment. Many families entrusted the care of and education of their children to
He was very instrumental in developing the French Sign Language (Langue des Signes Francaise, LSF). Epee's sign language class grew from 2 students in the late 1760's, to 6 students, and ten years later there were 30 students in the class. By his death in 1789 there were over 60 students. Thomas Gallaudet, a Protestant minister, was sent by philanthropists to learn the art of teaching Deaf people. The Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons opened in April of 1817.Laurent Clerc, a student of Epee, was the head teacher. Toward the middle of the 19th century, deaf children were beginning to be more accepted. Most deaf children completed and elementary education and some even went on to "higher" education. An oral school for the Deaf was organized in Massachusetts in the late 1860's. by Samuel Gridley Howe, an American educator. In 1867 there were 26 American institutions for the education of Deaf children and all of them taught ASL, by 1907 there were 139 institutions and NONE of them taught ASL. It was banned by a special congress and only oral teaching was allowed. Even today, ASL still struggles as the main language of the Deaf because of the decisions of those in the late 1800's and early
(The requirement of designing special education services to meet a student’s unique needs is also found within the IDEA’s purpose section and its definition of “special education”.) In many situations where a student’s special education services may appear to be ineffective, an important question to ask is whether the student’s educational program has been sufficiently tailored to meet his or her unique special education needs.
During the 1920's, separate schools were established for the blind, deaf, and more severely retarded (Reddy, p5). However, students that were considered mildly disabled were educated in regular schools, just thought to be 'slow learners'. Soon educators started to develop separate classes for disabled students. The reasoning for taking them out of the normal classroom (exclusion) has not changed in the last eighty years. People today, who are still in favor of exclusion, have the same justification for their belief. It was thought that students...
The treatment of individuals with disabilities has changed dramatically since the 1800’s. Reynolds 1988, describes, Progressive inclusion, the evolution of services provided to those with various disabilities. In the early 1800’s residential institutions, or asylums were seem as common place accommodations for individuals with hearing, visual, mental or emotional impairments. Institutions remained the primary educational support until a century later in the early 1900’s. The parents of students with disabilities brought upon a legislation change. During the 1950’s and 1960’s, these parents pressured courts and legislatures to introduce a change in educational services. Reynolds (1988), discussed the birth of The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. This act mandated that all children, regardless of disability, had the right to a free, appropriate education in the least restrictive environment. As a result, resource and self-contained classrooms expanded in public schools. In 1991 the Individuals with Disabilities Act was inducted. As a result professionals in the field of special education are giving more consideration to placing students in the least restrictive environment.
On January 1st, 1975 public law number 94-142 was The Education for All Handicapped Children Act. This law secured the fundamental ideals, rights and responsibilities to ascertain equal access to public education for all children who are crippled. What education has done in the years it has been around is that it simply makes life one sizably extensive, perplexed system of steps and processes. Our schools don’t accommodate the goal of a true education, but it makes it appear that they are. It would seem that the goal for a true education is for someone to absorb attention, but it is not always right to fill adolescent minds with careless facts or the ways of the world that is decided by a committee. The way that attention is gained for students is to give their own perception on things and have their own notion. From Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education, Horace Mann states that, “education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, – the balance wheel of the social machinery.” It explicates that the consequentiality of kinds of education, including political, moral, religious, perceptive, and physical are paramount to people and to education.
Prior to 1975, educational options for a child living with a mental or physical disability were limited. The family of the handicapped child was most likely forced down an path that lead to the institutionalization of the child and distancing the child from the benefits of receiving a free and public education. It was after federal legislation passed the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. § 1983) that monumental changes began to develop that allowed a better understanding of the needs and capabilities of people with various handicapping conditions. Soon after this legislation, Public Law 94-142, also known as the Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act of 1975 (EHA) would further increase the public awareness by providing a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for children suffering from disabilities. Following the EHA legislation reformations concerning the education of disabled individuals would soon become numerous and legislative acts were passed enabling accommodations for disabled individuals in the fields of vocations and technology. In 1990, President Gerald Ford signed legislation replacing P.L. 94-142 with the Individual with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (IDEA, 20 USC 1400). By definition, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation (US Department of Education, 2011).
“The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, religion, national origin, or gender, but people with disabilities were not included under such protection” (Department of Justice). It was not until 1973 when the Rehabilitation Act came to fruition that people were officially by law protected against discrimination on the basis of either mental or physical disability. The Architectural Barriers Act implemented in 1968 helped people with disabilities have access to buildings and facilities by companies, agencies complying with federal standards for physical accessibility. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). This Act allows people with disabilities into public schools and also requires the school to develop (IEP’s) Individualized Education Programs to be developed and fit individualized needs for the student. Another very important piece of legislation is the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) in which “prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation and telecommunications services” (A Brief History, p.1).
Special education is the practice of educating students with special educational needs by addressing their individual needs and differences. This process involves the individually planned arrangements of teaching procedures, adapted materials and equipment as well as accessible settings designed to help students with special needs to achieve a higher level of education and success. Usually parents that who has a child with special needs would like for their child to receive a quality education. People understand when talking about or describing a child with special needs that the child has educational needs, or has learning difficulties or disabilities for instance it is harder for them to learn than other children.
What is special education? The common belief is that it a program only dedicated to helping students with disabilities, whether physical or mentally. This is not entirely accurate in regards of what special education is. While special education does provide assistance to students with disabilities ns meet their needs in quality education (Küpper 2009)—the program extends to all students facing difficulties keeping up with the pace of learning (Huerta 2009). This brings the next question onto the table: the importance of special education. Before 1970s, majority of students with disabilities were shun into isolation with little to no education in general classes (Bradley 2016). However, with the passage of Education for All Handicapped Children
Have you ever imagined the world of teaching through the eyes of a special education teacher? It takes a unique person to educate children with disabilities. The career of a special education teacher is an interesting career, because you get to help children overcome obstacles and become productive citizens. The research will describe the career of a special education teacher, what is required to become a successful special education teacher, and the impact this career has on society.
The right to have access to education is a concern for people with disabilities. They were treated poorly and often desegregated from society. The response to the concerns of parents and educators over the exclusion of children with disabilities created the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The public law “guaranteed a free, appropriate public education to each child with a disability in every state and locality across the country”. In the 1970's children with disabilities entered schools and over the years, the number of students in special education has grown dramatically, from 4.3 million students in 1990 to 6.9 million students in 2003 (The Council of Chief State School Officers , 2007).
“in order for your child to qualify for the services the student must be found to have one of the 13 categories of special education and it must adversely affect their educational performance” (Hancock, 2016). So to get a better understanding of the special education process we have to view it from both sides of the situation, that is, a parent whose child was diagnosed with a disability, and a professional who works with special education for a living. Knowing both sides and their views we can get a better grasp of the whole system and the flaws and strengths that come with the whole process and
Really, special education is a about teaching, and finding the appropriate ways to teach those students who may need additional help or who may not be able to learn in a traditional classroom setting. 6.4 million children with disabilities between the ages of 3-21 receive special education services, so there is a real need for great special education teachers in schools. One thing I was really unaware of before taking this course is how many different types of students need special education, and I had a very narrow view of what a disability was. I am now aware that students who receive special education may have speech/language impairments, autism, intellectual disabilities, hearing or vision impairments, emotional disturbances, and many more. You cannot just categorize all students in special education into one category, they are individuals who have individual disabilities and obstacles to
Special education is in place to provide additional services, support, programs, specialized placements or environments to ensure that all students' educational needs are provided for. Special education is provided to qualifying students at no cost to the parents. There are many stud...
Special Education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students’ individual differences and needs. And it is a specially designed instruction that meets the needs of students with disabilities as they attend to school, it also includes related services and supplementary aids and services. It helps every student with disabilities to have a chance to learn and showcase their own talent and intelligence. Without these students, Special Education wouldn’t be an organization or community who are willing to help these students with disabilities to learn and to attain their needs.