Introduction Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry: Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry is defined as the branch of practical chemistry which deals with the separation resolution identification determination or purification of given sample of a pharmaceutical or medicine. The pharmaceutical chemistry involves the science of extraction, purification and preparation of chemical substances used in the pharmaceuticals and medicine. The substances which are used in the formulation must be of medicinal grade i.e. pure which are obtained from various sources like i) plant ii) animal iii) mineral iv) micro organism and v) synthetic …show more content…
Trace constituent analysis – It is a type of partial analysis that detects specific component present in very minute quantity in the sample. Complete analysis – It determines the proportion of each and every component in sample. Stages in chemical analysis: Stages Example of procedure 1. Sampling Depends upon the size and physical nature of the sample. 2. Preparation of analytical sample Reduction of particle size, mixing for homogeneity, drying, determination of sample weight or volume. 3. Dissolution of sample Heating, ignition, fusion, use of solvent, dilutions. 4. Removal of interference Filtration, solvent extraction, ion exchange chromatographic separation. 5. Sample measurement and control of instrumental factors Standardization, calibration, optimization, measurement of response, absorbance, emission signal, potential, current. 6. Results Calculation of analytical results, statistical evaluation of data. 7. Presentation of data Printout, data plotting and storage. Special techniques of chemical analysis include: a) X – ray method. b) Radioactivity method. c) Kinetic method. d) Optical
This paper discusses pharmacology and terminology related to “Pharmacology” which is the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs“ pharmacology. 2015. In Merriam-Webster.com. The study of different classes of drugs, routes of absorption, and drugs have effects on those consuming them. There are drugs that are necessary for illnesses and healing but, there are medicines that cause concern regarding interaction and harming the body.
The drug manufacturing industry is concerned with the development, production and marketing of drugs which are to be used as medication. This is one of the oldest industries in the world. The first drug stores date back to the middle Ages. Some of today’s pharmaceutical companies have been founded in the beginning of the previous century. Important discoveries have been made in the early 20th century such as insulin and penicillin who became mass produced. More drugs were developed during the 1950s-1960s such as contraceptives and heart drugs. During that time numerous organizations and declarations were established in order to regulate the industry. Until the 1970s the drug manufacturing industry remained relatively small, and then it began expanding quickly. With the development of technologies and the internet research, manufacturing, marketing and sales of drugs became a lot easier.
The pharmaceutical industry develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceuticals compounds for medical purpose. Pharmaceutical companies produce generic, brand medications and medical devices. The industry is subject to a complex regulatory environment regarding the patenting, testing and ensuring safety and efficacy and marketing of drugs.
When people think of pharmaceutical companies, they instantly associate the word pharmaceutical with medicine. There are scientists solely dedicated to find the remedy to cancer and incurable diseases. These professionals have devoted their educated lives to help the ailing human population recover.
The Pharmaceutical industry in India is the world's third-largest in terms of volume. According to Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, the total turnover of India's pharmaceuticals industry between 2008 and September 2009 was US$21.04 billion. While the domestic market was worth US$12.26 billion. The industry holds a market share of $14 billion in the United States.
Chromatography is either preparative or analytical. Preparative chromatography is a form of purification because the components separated from the mixture are for further use. On the other hand, the purpose of Analytical chromatography is done normally is for measuring the relative proportions of analytes in a mixture. It is done using smaller amount of materials.
1. Analytical chemistry – This is the science of quantitatively and qualitatively establishing the chemical makeup of a substance. This method is utilized to determine the cannabis potency level, analyze terpene profile, and in the detection of mycotoxins, heavy metals, residual solvents, chemical residues, and the presence of pesticides. Analytical lab testing methods are done previous to going on to microbiological testing methods.
Since my early schooling days, science and mathematics have always fascinated me given that all components of the world are explained on the basis of these disciplines. In this regard, Pharmacy which is based on Chemistry and Mathematics has interested me a great deal as it has direct impacts on our daily lives. The more I have become familiar with the chemistry and mathematics knowledge involved in pharmacy, the more I have appreciated its significance in improving the lives of people in the community. Out of the many careers that one would opt to pursue, Pharmacy has stood out as the career that will enable me serve the society more directly and have a real impact in the quality of peoples’ lives by touching their health. In addition, I love a career that is challenging and one that I will be involved in even in old age. In this case, Pharmacy offers me this opportunity. My interest in Pharmacy has also developed from my personal health experiences and becoming aware of its expansiveness. Every time I have had to take medicine to cure an illness, I have become more interested to know how drugs are made and how the drug components work in the human body to alleviate pain and restore health. I desire to pursue a career in Pharmacy so as to gain practical experience in these aspects of research.
Prescription drugs prices are becoming a huge barrier for many patients. The high cost issue affects different kinds of groups such as people living under low-income. (Gellad et al., 2009) Even though many low-income people receives coverage through government programs and also obtain many drug benefits, when it comes to people who are not covered, they are the ones that are more likely to be affected by this issue (Gellad et al., 2009). People who are not covered would have to pay the full price that is charged by the pharmacies (Gellad et al., 2009). Due to the discounts that are made by insurance companies, customers who are paying by cash are charged way higher prices for their medications than compared to insured counterparts (Gellad et
1- collection of related chemical data from different sources, arranging the data and storing it into special chemical libraries and databases.
I pleased to apply to the PharmD program as the program is one area that corresponds to my career dreams. Being part of this program gives one the opportunity to gain an excellent experience in working and collaborating with various health care providers in the ward. But more importantly, it facilitates a practical environment in dealing more closely with patients. Hence, it helps to provide the ultimate health care services to patients. Also, it permits me to carry on gaining different knowledge, skills, and values in addition to those I have already developed during my undergraduate studies. My interest in being a clinical pharmacist was first aroused during my SPEP rotation in the hospital setting where I was really impressed with the role of clinical pharmacists who provide a consistent process of patient care with healthcare teams to maintain the appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of the medication use. Unlike a pharmacist, a clinical pharmacist has a more diversified responsibilities and closeness to direct patient care. Moreover, provides
Pharmaceutical patents are patents for inventions within the pharmaceutical industry. Patents give exclusive rights to an invention for a product or a process of making a product [1]. There are many aspects to patents in the pharmaceutical industry that are both pros and cons; it just depends on what industry you are in. Pharmaceutical companies take out patents so they can regulate the market and restrict competition from other companies. By obtaining patents, pharmaceutical companies also attract investment.
During the tenure of five years of undergraduate program I studied variety of different courses including Biochemistry, Anatomy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pathology, Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy, etc. but always found myself more inclined towards pharmacology, physiology and pharmacotherapy of all the different courses I studied and with passing time my interest just grew stronger. In the commencement of undergraduate program, studying different drugs and their mechanisms, diseases and modes of their therapy was merely an interest but by the time my undergraduate degree program ended it became more of a passion. It was for this passion that I decided to pursue a post graduation degree in the respective field. Before I could go any further in academics I wanted to have some practical exposure and consequently, I decided to join a hospital rather than a pharmaceutical industry. Hence, after fighting off a tough competition from all over the country I was recruited among the twenty pharmacy graduates in a year lengthy “On-the-Job Hospital Pharmacist Trainee Program” in July 2013 and currently, I am working as a trainee pharmacist in the most preeminent hospital of the country, Aga Khan Ho...
So from last many thousands years the medicinal plant being used by humans for different therapeutic purpose and are changed to modern medicine like many modern drugs originated from plant source. Many of the life saving drug are isolated/extract from medicinal plant examples include Vincristine (Vinca), digoxin (Digitalis), quinine (cinchona bark), Atropine (Datura), Artimicine (Artimisia annua), morphine (from the opium poppy) (Vickers and Zollman, 1999). As per WHO the uses of herbal drug was increased day by day to two- three time more as compared to conventional drug in different form like nutraceuticals, ayurvedic drugs, traditional chinse medicine, Functional food etc (Evans, 1994).
Nowadays, there is increasing number of people take pharmacy as their profession. As everyone knows, there is many practice area for pharmacists like community pharmacist, hospital pharmacist, industrial pharmacist and academic pharmacist. Other than that, there are few specialties in pharmacy ...