8 Conceptual Definition Air is a mixture of colorless gas that contains nitrogen, oxygen, and minute amounts of other gases that surrounds the earth and forms its atmosphere. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) is the weight of specified by the manufacture as the loaded weight of a single vehicle. Passengers, option and cargo is consider as loaded weight. Heavy Duty Vehicle defined as the motor vehicle including the buses and truck that have the GVWR greater than 8500 pound or curb weight of more than 6000 pounds and as the motor vehicle that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 40 square feet Indoor air quality refer to the quality of the air inside the building which determine the concentration of pollutant and thermal that can affect human health, comfort. Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is referring to a very tiny particle or …show more content…
Heavy-duty vehicle can be defined as the motor vehicle including the buses and truck that have the GVWR greater than 8500 pound or curb weight of more than 6000 pounds. Heavy-duty vehicle can also be defined as the motor vehicle that the frontal area of a basic vehicle is in excess of 40 square feet (United State Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). Most of the heavy-duty vehicles are powered by diesel engine that does not have the pollution control system. Fine and ultrafine particle are produced in large amount by heavy-duty diesel that powered vehicle and it does have the special toxicity due to their ability to penetrate into the cardiovascular system and the other organ such bloodstream (Burtscher , 2005). There are several factor that causes of emitting of excessive air pollutants from vehicle fuel such as, faulty fuel injection system, improper engine tuning, worn out piston rings, faulty valve, poor engine maintenance and poor fuel or air filter maintenance. 2.2 Air quality and public
Driving emits particle pollution, which increases the risk of heart disease, lung cancer and asthma. Particle pollution is processed in two ways, either mechanical or chemical.
Mead, H. K. (2002, June 22). Office of the Inspector General. Retrieved Feb 12, 2014, from US Department of Transportation: http://www2.oig.dot.gov/sites/dot/files/pdfdocs/cc2002180.pdf
In the 1990s and 2000s, a new breed of vehicle was introduced, the sport utility vehicle (SUV). This was a marketing term for vehicles similar to the station wagons of the 70s but built on a truck chassis. These vehicles were perceived as rugged and capable of being used off road. Since they were considered trucks, they were less regulated as cars and had poor fuel economy. Nevertheless, these vehicles grew in popularity due to their versatility and low gas prices at the time.
“Air pollution in the United States continues to harm people’s health and the environment”(EPA).Many people are burning an immense amount of money every year and they do not even know it. People choose a gasoline powered engine over a diesel engine because they think its cheaper. However diesel owners save a vast amount of money every year. Diesel is not what it used to be, it has gradually changed over the years. Ultra low sulfur fuel is being used as alternative fuel to make a diesel engine clean. Diesel engines are the best choice because they save money and it is better for the environment.
Today, Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use is one if the fastest growing recreation activities taking place on the public of the western United States. OHV includes, but is not limited to motorcycles designed for off road use, All terrain vehicles (ATVs), 4-wheel drive automobiles, and other vehicles such a sand rails or dune buggies (Cordell, Betz, Green, & Owens, 2005).
Air Air is what we breathe. It is an element of new life and possibilities. It is a component of thought and creativity. Without air, thought will have no movement or action. It also has to do with freedom.
Utility Terrain Vehicles or Utility type Vehicles or Side by Side or Recreational Off- highway Vehicle is a small 2-6 person four-wheel drive off-road vehicle, capable of carrying loads. Utility Terrain Vehicles are subclass of Off-Road vehicle and different from All-Terrain Vehicles.
Gasoline fueled cars produce a number of pollutants. The most damaging pollutants that come from gasoline fueled cars are particulate matter. Particulate matter is a sequence of organic materials and inorganic substances. It includes ingredients such as lint and minerals. Nitrogen dioxide, produced when fuel is burned at high temperatures, can cause damage to the lungs and cause chest pains. One might ask, “Why are Americans still driving gasoline cars?” knowing the damage that they are subject to cause. I personally maintain that the government should push people to p...
Crashworthiness is the term used to measure a vehicle’s performance under impact conditions. A good design will be neither too strong (in which case the occupant would undergo very high acceleration) nor too weak (in which case the vehicle would absorb too little energy and not protect the occupant compartment from deformation). On the other hand, in term of mass, low mass is desirable for performance (acceleration and handling), fuel economy, and material
The fast population growth rate of humans means that the necessity for transportation vehicles is also enormously increasing. Studies have shown that in 1999 the worldwide number of vehicles registered was 700 million. From this huge number of vehicles, the US has a
Air pollution is caused by many things such as car fumes, burning of fossil fuels,
• SUVs can spew 30 percent more carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and 75 percent more nitrogen oxides than passenger cars.
Warmer global temperatures affect farming, wildlife, sea levels and natural landscapes. The effects of car pollution are widespread, affecting air, soil and water quality. Nitrous oxide contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, which shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide mix with rainwater to create acid rain, which damages crops, forests and other vegetation and buildings. Oil and fuel spills from cars and trucks seep into the soil near highways, and discarded fuel and particulates from vehicle emissions contaminate lakes, rivers and wetlands. Air pollution from cars and trucks is split into primary and secondary pollution. Primary pollution is emitted directly into the atmosphere; secondary pollution results from chemical reactions between pollutants in the atmosphere. The following are the major pollutants from motor vehicles: Particulate matter (PM), Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitrogen oxides (Nix), Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Hazardous air pollutants (toxics), Greenhouse
Air pollution is when a poisonous or harmful substance is released into the air. There are many forms of pollution but air is one of them, it only occurs when dust, harmful gases or smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it hard for species like plants, animals and humans to live in a difficult situation because of the dirty air. Air Pollution is classified in two sections, invisible air pollution and visible air pollution.. Hence any substance that makes it difficult for the living things that need the atmosphere is air pollution. Humans have been undergoing air pollution ever since the industrial revolution.
The atmosphere is an open system that consists of a gaseous mixture enveloping a planet (Answers.com). These gasses, known as air, include O2, N2 and H2O. The atmosphere is also composed of water, ice and dust particles. Atmosphere functions like a blanket, keeping Earth's heat from escaping into space (Lenkeit). It has also been compared to a greenhouse: like glass it lets short wave insulation inside, but keeps most of long wave ground radiation from going out (Lenkeit).