Fibreglass Glass Fibres spun from sodium calcium silicate and related substances forming the materials known commercially as glass. Introduction of fibreglass Fibreglass is also known as glass fibre or fibre glass. The knowledge that fibres could be made from glass is probably as old as glass itself. Molten glass is viscous like treacle, and on being touched with anything, it will ‘string out’ to form a filament when it is drawn away. As glass is in a molten condition during its manufacture, these filaments must have been discovered at an early date. Nature herself produces glass fibres of this type from molten volcanic glass that is spun into fibres by the wind. Definition of fiberglass The generic term glass was adopted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for fibres of this …show more content…
It is widely used for applications where such resistance is required, e.g. in chemical filtration. Glass wool fibre for non-textile applications is also spun from glasses of other compositions. Continuous filament is spun from ‘A’ glass (alkali glass; window glass). Forms of fibreglass available Glass fibre is produced in two basic form; continuous filament and staple fibre. Continuous filament Continuous filament glass fibres are made usually from ‘E’ glass. They are produced in a range of filament diameters, with an upper limit in the region of 12 microns (for textile applications). Continuous filaments are produced in the form of strands containing many individual filaments – e.g. from 51 to 4,000 depending on specific requirements. Staple fibre Glass staple fibres are made usually from ‘C’ glass. They are produced in a range of filament counts and lengths, e.g. from 2 to 38 cm. Commercial products Glass continuous filament strands and staple fibre are commonly marketed by the manufacturers in a variety of made-up forms. Continuous filament
GLASS written by ellen hopkins intermenes the real life struggles that teenagers face everyday, from love to drugs to destructive relationships. Ellen really hits home showing the life of a once 4.0 honors student Kristina; whose life easily got turned upside down from one toxic summer at her fathers that will show the darkest side possible of life. An estimated 12 percent of children in the United States live with a parent who is dependent on or abuses alcohol or other drugs. Based on data from 2002 through 2007, it was to be reported that 8.3 million children under the age of 18 lived with at least one substance-dependent or substance-abusing parent according to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Paragraph 4). The bond between a child and their parents is so pure yet
It is used in the production of dyes, fertilizers, and chlorides as well as in electroplating and in the photographic, textile and rubber industries.
Service life The effect of fillers on polymers is that they are very beneficial because they don’t get ruined for a long time. Glass fillers are the most commonly used fillers in polymers. This is because they last longer and their service life is longer.
The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is a loosely autobiographical memory play this is enriched with symbolism. The play itself is symbolic and parallels with much of Williams own unhappy family background. The symbolism used by the playwright is used to represent the desire to escape or to distinguish the difference between illusion and reality. Much of the symbolism used is specific to each character, but the most important symbol is Laura’s glass menagerie.
In high school and college many people who have taken chemistry may have learned that there are only four states of matter:solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Where would glass fall within these states? Most people you ask might say it’s a solid of course. You can touch it and hit it and it will not give way to your hand. It makes up our windows and protects us from weather, so why would it not be a solid? Well surprisingly the state of glass, or the transition of melted glass to a more solid glass, seems to be a very debated subject in the science world. In fact, in Science Magazine’s 125th Anniversary issue which contained the world’s top one hundred science questions yet to be answered, question 22 was, “What is the nature of the glassy state?” and question 21 goes hand in hand, “Is superfluidity possible in a solid?”(Science,2005). Its seems as though glass is a state of its own, between liquid and solid.
Time has taught humanity many things. From stone walls to wooden tree houses to glass homes. As far as creation is concerned, glass was and is necessary. Though some cities differ in the use of glass materials they are alike with some architectural aspects. From manufacturing companies for cars to your grandmother’s fine china; we’re talking about glass use of interior design. Some materials of glass are more expensive than others due to the use and weight of glass. With glass windows to windows to cars, glass has become a major factor in society without a doubt. Time has given us many things; stained glass for instance was even use as a symbol for religious purposes. Today we will discover three topics on how of an importance glass is in interior
In September 1959 DiVita asked 2nd Lt. Richard Sturzebecher if he knew of a way to produce a strong glass fiber that would be capable of carrying a light signal. Sturzebecher had melted 3 triaxil glass systems together for his senior exam at Alfred University. In his exam, Sturzebecher had used SiO2, a glass powder produced by Corning. Whenever he had tried to look at the substance through a microscope he would end up with headache. Sturzebecher realized that these headaches came from the high amounts of white light produced from the microscopes light that was reflected through the eyepiece via the SiO2. SiO2 would be an ideal substance for transmitting strong light signals if it could be developed into a strong fibre.
There are two popular ways of creating nylon for fiber applications. One, ¡°molecules with an acid (COOH) group on each end are reacted with molecules containing amine (NH©ü) groups on each end.¡± The nylon 6,6 is made in this fashion. The other common way of making nylon fibers is by polymerizing a compound containing an amine at one end and an acid at the other, to form a chain with reoccurring groups of (-NH-[CH©ü]n-CO-)x. If the x=5, the fiber is named nylon 6 (Nylon Fiber).
Carbon fibers were discovered in the late 1800s by Thomas Edison. The early lightbulbs Edison created used the carbon fibers as filaments. These carbon fibers used to create the early lightbulbs had a substantial tolerance to heat, but they lacked the tensile strength of modern carbon fibers. Edison used cellulose-based materials, such as cotton or bamboo, to make his carbon fibers. He used a method called “pyrolysis” to cook the bamboo at high temperatures in a controlled atmosphere to carbonize bamboo filaments, making them fire-resistant and capable of enduring intense heat needed for luminescence.
In order to learn how glass fractures, we must first learn the composition of glass and the different types of glass. Glass is a hard, brittle, amorphous substance composed of sand (silicon oxides) mixed with various metal oxides. When sand is mixed with other metal oxides, melted at high temperatures, and then cooled to a rigid condition without crystallization, the product is glass (Saferstein, 2010). Glass can come in many different forms all of which can range from very brittle glass to bullet proof glass; the stronger the glass, the more ingredients are required and the more complex the process is.
Fiber optics are thin transparent fibers of glass or plastic enclosed by a material of a lower index of refraction and that transmit light throughout their length by internal reflections. Real fiber optic cables are made out of very pure glass, glass so pure that if it were miles thick, light would still be able to pass through. The fiber optic strand, although thin in diameter, is stretched to miles in length. Therefore only the purest of glass would be efficient and useful for sending light signals. The glass of these fiber optic cables is drawn into a very thin strand (as thin as human hair), then it is coated in two layers of plastic. By coating the glass in plastic (this is called the cladding), a "mirror" is created around the glass. This creates a total internal reflection. In other words, when light is passed through the cable, the light will reflect off the interior surface of the cable, and continue to bounce off the reflective surface until it reaches the opening at the other end. Light travels through the fiber optic cable and bounces off at shallow angles, and stays completely within the glass fiber.
Most products made with the rotational molding method are from the polyethylene family. Other materials include nylons, polypropylene and PVC plastics. Some manufacturers have developed formulas that integrate the use of natural materials such as sand and chips of stone to make
used to make products such as plastic lumber, toys, containers, carpet, fiber fill for jackets
First of all, the fibres can classified as natural or man-made fibres. Natural fibres are those obtained from the natural resources on the environment, whereas the man-made fibres could be synthetic or regenerated fibres. Synthetic fibres are completely made from chemicals while regenerated fibres are those originally from natural resources unsuitable to be used as fibres directly, processed chemically to be changed into textile fibres. In this assignment, we will study on the general textile manufacturing processes as listed below. Then, it is hoped that the knowledge on general process could help us understand more on the industry as well to relate it with the environment.