Latitude & Longitude Display System Using GPS & AVR Microcontroller
Ashish Sharma (B.Tech., EL Engg.)
E-mail: ashishpreet2009@gmail.com
INTODUCTION
This project is a reference to budding engineers or a helping hand to those who willing to work and interface a GPS Receiver with microcontroller and making their own channel to communicate with satellite, seeking for some useful information from satellite to make a effective and efficient system.
GPS
In a simplest way ‘The Global Positioning System (GPS)’ is a satellite-based navigation system that consists of 24 orbiting satellites. This satellite transmits an amount of information in string format (e.g.: latitude, longitude, altitude, time etc.) which we are going to cover further. If any want a detailed description about GPS, just search on web or visit a technical tutorial website, you will get plenty of information.
GPS Receiver
GPS Receiver received the information in string format, transmitted by Satellites, which uses this information to calculate different parameters between it and satellites. With information from satellites, a GPS receiver can fix its location on the ground from the known position of the satellites.
Now I want to drag your attention on the purpose of this project. In this project, we are going to display ‘Latitude & Longitude’ used for positioning of an object on the earth. So let’s talk about how a GPS receiver fixes its location on the ground, as i above said and the find the location of an object on the earth.
Position Locator
Let me tell you, if we want an object location on the earth, GPS receiver have to connect with minimum 3 Satellite at the point of time. Now i explain this in a simple way by the help of fig 1.1:
Fig 1.1
In Fig 1.1, I am tryi...
... middle of paper ...
...es completely then go to step (4) else go back to step (1)
4. Leave first comma and wait till second comma (since we not looking for time).
5. Start taking data in an array lati_value[ ] till the next comma.
6. Get latitude direction in lati_dir
7. Do the same for longitude
8. Display the values on LCD and go back to step (1).
You will get following result on LCD:
Congratulation!!!! We have successfully done this project.
CONCLUSION
A position locator can be easily implemented with the grouping of simple controls and basic knowledge of interfacing devices and USART communication or it can be more compelled if we are going to use some other parameters with the same time.
Well more knowledge is gained and more experiences are faced. Lot of information’s are collected ultimately, I have concluded with a great pleasure for achieving my aim.
The invention of the GPS started with Dr. Ivan Getting leaving his position at Raytheon Company, and armed with the knowledge of what was at the time the most advanced navigational technology in the world, they began developing the Global Positioning System. He, Roger L. Easton, and Bradford Parkison began in the 60’s with a constellation of 24 satellites (placed in six orbital planes) orbiting the earth at a very high altitude (about
14. George A. Chidi Jr., Qualcomm turns Cell Phones into GPS Systems. 16 Jan 2002. < http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,80085,00.asp>
The aircraft needs to use two beams to ensure that the pulses return to the aircraft. In certain situations the pulse may not return to the aircraft due to flat glassy water surface (because of the law of reflection) . The Lads software automatically compiles arrival times and fixes errors in the data like tidal variations. Maps can be made after data is compiled from the aircraft by using Global Positioning Satellites, which constructs coordinates and data collected.
The advanced technology that XM Radio uses is a big change from the old fashioned ways that FM and AM radio are broadcasted. XM Radio uses satellites in order to broadcast across the entire country with a clear signal. “XM satellites’ fixed orbits ensure a focused and consistent signal” (“Satellites” 2002). If the satellites need to be moved for any reason, no problems will occur with the broadcasting and ensures that the signals will not be lost (“Satellites” 2002). The ways in which were they were manufactured plays a big role in the quality of the signals that are sent to Earth. “The satellites were built by Boeing Satellite Systems, which is the world’s leading commercial manufacturer of satellites” (“Satellites” 2002). This was a smart decision by the makers of XM Radio because Boeing is such a well-respected company that it will ensure the confidence of needed consumers.
Latitude- is an artificial system of individuation of sites on the Earth's surface. Latitude are the horizontal lines running across the globe, that is from east to west are called lines of latitude. They are parallel to the equator, and are numbered in degrees North or South of the equator. Latitude determines the position of a place.
The space-based global navigation satellite system that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth with sub-meter accuracy is called Global Positioning System (GPS) [1]. It consists of a constellation of 28 satellites in six different orbits which give the information of the position of the user with sub meter accuracy [3]. If there are four or more GPS satellites in unobstructed line of sight with the receiver, accurate spatial co-ordinates can be obtained [2]. The datum obtained from the satellites, contain the information about the position and timing by calculating the the Keplerian orbit elements. The location information from GPS is based on the choice of coordinate system and datum [3]. The coordinate systems that are mostly used in GPS are Wor...
To begin, the basic concept of the Global Positioning system consists of having a minimum of 24 operational satellites in orbit at an altitude of about 24,000 km above the Earth and traveling at an orbital speed of around 14,000 km/hour. At any point in time, there are always at least 4 satellites that are “visible” to your receiver (ex. iPhone). The receiver then gets information from at least 3 of these 4 satellites and uses what is called Trilateration to determine your exact position on the surface of the Earth. Trilateration, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, is a “method of surveying in which the lengths of the sides of a triangle are measured and from this information angles are computed. By constructing a series of triangles adjacent to one another, a surveyor can obtain other distances and angles that would not otherwise be measurable.” To simplify things, trilateration is the method by which 3 satellites send a signal to a receiver which then calculates the distances to each one, and the time at which the signal was sent. The time portion of this process is essential and will be explained later on. The receiver then compares these 3 or even 4 signals and finds the common intersection between them, essentially determining where the GPS user is.
The basic concept behind understanding GPS is a technique called “triangulating.” By using this technique, we can pinpoint any place on Earth by using only three different satellites. More specifically, we would want to use our distance from these three satellites. Hypothetically speaking, say we measured our distance from one satellite to be 10,000 miles. Our position would be narrowed down to a point on the surface of a sphere, centered on the satellite, with a radius of 10,000 miles. Now, say that the next measurement is 11,000 miles from another satellite and we imagine a similar sphere....
GPS has become a widely deployed and useful tool for commerce, scientific uses, tracking, and surveillance. GPS's accurate time facilitates everyday activities such as banking, mobile phone operations, and even the control of power grids by allowing well synchronized hand-off switching.Many civilian applications use one or more of GPS's three basic components: absolute location, relative movement, and time transfer. The wide variety of fields of application of GPS for civilian use includes Astronomy, Cartography, Cellular telephony, Clock synchronization, Disaster relief/emergency services, Radio, aircraft tracking, Navigation, Tours, Mining, Surveying, Tectonics, etc.
The frequencies of the localizer are only placed on odd decimals, with a channel separation of 50 kHz. The trasmitter, or antenna, is in the axis of the runway on it’s other end, opposite to the direction of approach. The localizer, or VHF course marker, emits two directional radiation patterns. One comprises of a bearing amplitude-modulated wave with a harmonic signal frequency of 150 Hz and the other one with the same bearing amplitude-modulated wave wi...
Ptolemy explains how he assigned coordinates to the geographical locations he knew on a grid that covered the entire Earth. A world map from it covered as far east as China and as far west as the countries on the east side of the Atlantic ocean, also including a fair bit of Africa down south. Besides the lack of knowledge of the countries beyond the map and the misinformation of the size of the Indian island Sri Lanka, he was only off by fourteen degrees, and even accepted this and that the way he determined longitude was faulty.
GPS is a system of satellites radio-transmitters that orbit the planet in great numbers; their purpose is to be able to pinpoint the exact location of an individual or any type of vessel that is equipped with a receiver transmitter within a very small radius. GPS navigation has had a great impact upon society in general as well and its commercial and military applications. Global Positioning is made available at no cost to anyone who has a GPS receiver unit anywhere on the planet. A GPS unit is able to give the user longitude/latitude information as well as, altitude, traveling speed, distance traveled, distance remaining and time in any type of weather conditions imaginable.
Lawn Solution Ltd has recently produced a conceptual design for an automated lawn mower with GPS tracking system. The intended product targets to gain profit and beat competitors, mainly automated lawn mower producers which dominate the current market. Besides discovering future uses of GPS as it gets cheaper, the company also aims to enhance reliability of current automated lawn mowers. This is achieved by using the GPS tracking system which is more accurate and permits complete control of mower’s position.
Venkateswara Rao, G. G., Veereswara Swamy, G. G., Srinivasa Rao, G. G., & Madhusudhana Reddy, P. P. (2011). Design and Implementation Of Hardware And Software Systems For Object Tracking Using RFID Technology. International Journal Of Advanced Networking & Applications, 2(6), 923-926.
We live in a communication age to where anything is accessible at any time, sometimes that technology is great and sometimes we overindulge. We live our lives not thinking about what could happen tomorrow and we definitely live our lives not worrying about what could happen if a catastrophe would knock out all of this communication that we are so obsessed with. What forms of communication would be gone, what would still continue to work, and would we be cut off all together are my questions? “Geomagnetic storms can interfere directly with GPS and radio communication because of the ionosphere disturbances. The interference can range from induced noise to complete signal loss. Geomagnetic storms can indirectly