What does mean Nanoindentation?
Nanoindenter is basically used for securing the mechanical characteristics or properties at micro or nano-scale with the help of powerful technology known as Nanoindentation. Nanoindentation is utilized for securing the parameters of material for example hardness (H), elastic modulus (Es), viscous or plastic parameters with the help of experimental readings of penetration (h) and indenter load (P). It must be note down that forces, those are involved, are normally in the range of micro-newton or mili-newton and depth will also be in the range of nanometers. It must be recalled that very little volume of material having order of about several tens of nanometers might be determined with the only tip of nanoindenter and characteristics of material might be determined for example a very small piece of material [1-2].
History and Background:
Technique of Indentation was applied for the very first time in the early century of twentieth by Hertz in his theoretical work as a way for the determination the hardness. Then researchers such as Field and Swain in 1993 were interested to define the hardness of material, yield strength or even Young’s modulus with a new spherical indentation technique. Later, it must be note that there were various types and shapes of indenters those are applied for carrying out a variety of inspection, tests as well as the analytical definitions of hardness value by several scientists and researches as Chudoba, Oliver, Pharr, Bolshakov and Schwarzer over 10 years. In current situation, the technique of indentation was upgraded in order to avail additionally fundamental mechanical properties for example elastic modulus, hardness, resistance against scratching of various type...
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...roperties of insect rubberlike cuticle, J. Mater. Res., Vol. 28, No. 18, Sep 28, 2013, IP address: 143.167.2.135, http://journals.cambridge.org
13. Hodzic et al. , Nano-indentation of polymer–glass interfaces Part I. Experimental and mechanical analysis, Polymer 41 (2000) 6895–6905
14. Christopher A. Schuh , Nanoindentation studies of materials: review, May 2006, volume 9 ,number 5, ISSN:1369 7021 © Elsevier Ltd 2006
15. A.C. Fischer-Cripps, Review Critical review of analysis and interpretation of nanoindentation test data, Surface & Coatings Technology 200 (2006) 4153– 4165.
16. A.K. Mukhopadhyay et al., Nanoindentation of shock deformed alumina , Materials Science and Engineering A 527 (2010) 6478–6483
17. R.H. Downey et al. Determination of mechanical properties of a MEMS directional sound sensor using a nanoindenter Sensors and Actuators A 191 (2013) 27– 33
In comparing micro-leakage of resin-modified glass-ionomers (RMGI), flowable composite liners, and no liners, it was found that by applying a RMGI liner before placing the composite decreased the extent of micro-leakage3. By doing this, the farthest the micro-leakage occurred was to the cervical wall, whereas with composite liners and no liners there was leakage to the cervical wall and into the axial wall3. The reason for the difference could be attributed to the bond between the glass ionomer and composite. This bond is weak and can be thought of as an unbounded wall, leading to less shrinkage stress to the bonds between composite and dentin3.
Dai, X., Reading, M., & Craig, D.Q.M. (2008). Mapping Amorphous Material on a Partially Crystalline Surface: Nanothermal Analysis for Simultaneous Characterisation and Imaging of Lactose Compacts. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 98, 1499–1510.
There is no doubt that arthropods are an extremely successful group of animals, with an estimated 5-10 million species worldwide[1], and this can be attributed to having an exoskeleton; it provides many benefits, such as protection from parasitism and other threats. However, one major disadvantage of having an exoskeleton is the limitations that an inelastic cuticle can place on growth. The exoskeleton provides protection, but when freshly moulted the animal is soft and vulnerable, as well as having limited mobility and use of appendages; many seek shelter before moulting[2]. There are similarities and differences between the moult cycles of all the arthropods, however only crustaceans and insects will be discussed here.
At the moment, the main objective for scientists and engineers is to develop surgery into a minimal invasive method and nanote...
Amandi Hiyare: Before forming my research question, I had a discussion with my research project coordinator “Lisa Pope” who told me that the Flinders nanotechnology research team has been developing microbial catheters. Then on Monday I had an interview with Professor Joe Shapter who told me that your team was leading this project. So I was wondering whether you would be able to provide me with some detailed information about this innovation?
Phylon 49.3/4 (2001): 173. Academic Search Premier -. Web. The Web. The Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
Polymer chains are long, individual chains, although they behave as if they are attached to each other. The individual chains are actually held together by ‘Electrostatic Forces’ between molecules, also known as ‘Hydrogen Bonds’. Scientists discovered this, by using a special type of X-ray microscopy called ‘XANES’. This was able to reveal the orientation of molecules in materials. It has also been discovered that the components of Kevlar fiber, have a radial orientation that is in a crystal. The crystal-like regularity is the largest contributing factor in the strength of Kevlar fiber.
Fox, R. 2001. Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine: Artemia Franciscana. Lander University. http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/artemia.html, retrieved February 13, 2011.
from the cocoon of the Bombyx mori moth, is made up of fibroin molecules with beta-pleated
The micro hardness of the prepared samples were obtained by using a Vickers Micro hardness Tester (Model : Leco LV 700, USA). 5 readings were taken for each sample to calculate the average hardness. An indentation load of 5gf was used. After calculating the average hardness for each sample, mean variance and standard deviation (S.D.) was calculated to check the consistency of the data.
Current systems are limited by the capability of sensors and actuators, as these are bulkier and less reliable than the microelectronic circuit. In a MEM system the sensors act as the ‘eyes’ and gather data about the environment. The microelectronic circuit, which is the ‘brain’, processes the data and accordingly controls the mechanical systems, the ‘arms’ of the MEMS, to modify the environment suitably. The electronics on the MEMS are manufactured using IC techniques while micro machining techniques are used to produce the mechanical and electromechanical parts.
Nano-technology is a revolution in almost all disciplines of life today. Nanotechnology approaches the manipulation of matter at atomic and molecular level. This technology, which deals with matter in nano-dimensions, has widened our views of poorly understood health issues and provided novel means of diagnosis and treatment. Dentistry, not being an exception, also faces major revolutions to constantly provide better and more comfortable dental care to patients. Researchers in the field of dentistry have explored the potential of nano-particles in existing therapeutic modalities with moderate success. The important application in the field of dentistry
Alford, Terry L., L. C. Feldman, and James W. Mayer. Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis. New York: Springer, 2007. Print.
I have chosen nanotechnology as my topic area of choice from the food innovation module.
The force per unit area (MPa or psi) required to break a material in such a manner is the ultimate tensile strength or tensile strength at break. Tensile properties indicate how the material will react to forces being applied in tension. A tensile test is a fundamental mechanical test where a carefully prepared specimen is loaded in a very controlled manner while measuring the applied load and the elongation of the specimen over some distance. Tensile tests are used to determine the modulus of elasticity, elastic limit, elongation, proportional limit, and reduction in area, tensile strength, yield point, yield strength and other tensile