What Are The Externalities And Unknowns In Marcus Luttrell's Lone Survivor

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Marcus Luttrell’s novel Lone Survivor revolves around a group of Navy SEALs, who have to adapt to reoccurring situations of uncertainty, while battling a group of Taliban attackers, in their native land of Afghanistan. This novel stands for how faith in God can help us survive extreme moments of adversity, especially when surrounded by externalities and unknown unknowns. Lone Survivor relates well to Charles Kegley and some main points he hits on in the textbook. First, Luttrell faces an ecological fallacy when he is confronted by Sarawa along with some of his fellow Pashtun villagers. However, after just surviving an attack by Taliban soldiers, Luttrell assumes that these men had heard the gunfire and were here to end Luttrell’s life, and as Marcus was getting ready to fight the men let him know …show more content…

When initially dropped in the Afghan mountains, the members of Operation Redwing know that Taliban surrounds them, but they do not know where they are, how many there are, and if they know they of their presence. This is an example of a known unknown – an externality – which presents the team with a formidable challenge. Luttrell also comes across two black swans throughout his novel, the first being his encounter with the three goatherds. Luttrell and his group did not expect anyone to come upon their hiding spot on the mountain, and their decision to let them resulted in the team being ambushed and the loss of three lives. Later, though, Luttrell gets a positive Black Swan, for Sarawa turns out to be his rescuer and aids him back to semi-health and helps protect him from the Taliban, as well as granting him protection from his village. These three examples tie Lone Survivor back with our International Relations class and helps us see real life examples of each in

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