Welfare System and Poverty in the UK
analytical Essay
1492 words
This essay will consider whether the welfare state has eliminated poverty. It will examine what poverty is and how the definition varies from societies. The essay will look at the aims of the welfare state from conception and how it has changed to present times. The welfare state being analysed is the welfare state in the United Kingdom. It will discuss the nature of the social democratic welfare state and liberal criticisms of the problems this type of state brings. The recent changes to the welfare state will be reviewed and what the consequences of the changes may be. It will then look at recent statistics to determine whether the welfare state has eradicated poverty.
Poverty is a difficult condition to define because it is often used to mean different things by different people. The United Nations definition states that ‘... poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate in society….it often implies living on marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation’ (UN statement, 1998). Poverty is generally split into two types; absolute and relative.
Absolute poverty can be defined in different ways but, regardless of the definition, it is generally agreed that is in an intolerable situation that requires action to reverse (Schwartzman, 1997). Absolute poverty can be described as ‘a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation, facilities, health, shelter, education and information’ (World Summit on Social Development, 1995). The UN measures absolute poverty by a lack of two or more deprivations of human basic need. The needs are; food, safe drinking w...
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... will still leave more than 12 million in poverty though the indirect consequences of reform may prove to offer further help to those living below the poverty line.
In many ways the welfare state has succeeded in bringing about a fairer society at the most basic level. All citizens are entitled to free education, health care, and benefits when needed, which are the most fundamental needs. Liberals might argue that the welfare state has, in fact, worked too well by creating a society in which one can choose whether or not to work and still be given a decent standard of living while contributing nothing to the overall standard of society. Beyond this, it can be argued, the welfare state has failed. The UK is the fifth richest country in the world (www.worldsrichestcountries.com) yet still struggles with raising a large percentage of its citizens out of poverty.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the essay will examine whether the welfare state has eliminated poverty and examine what poverty is and how the definition varies from societies.
- Explains that poverty is a difficult condition to define because it is often used to mean different things by different people.
- Explains that absolute poverty can be defined in different ways but it is generally agreed that is in an intolerable situation that requires action to reverse.
- Explains that relative poverty is a measure of the resources and living conditions of parts of people in relation to others.
- Explains that absolute poverty is defined as a household living on less than 60% of the median household income in the uk.
- Explains that the welfare state originated in the 1940s when the government took responsibility for the redistribution of wealth throughout all social levels. after the second world war, the country was in a challenging situation.
- Explains the aim of the welfare state was to abolish poverty by providing a safety net that no citizen could fall beneath. beveridge reported that there are five giant evils which need to be slain.
- Explains that the welfare state was to be paid for by national insurance contributions, which provided everyone with a sufficient income in times of unemployment and sickness, on the condition that everyone worked and contributed when they were able.
- Argues that liberals would prefer a system where each citizen is responsible for his own wealth; they believe that the welfare state does more harm than good because it impedes the individuals will to look after themselves.
- Explains that the recent announcement of welfare reforms has been described as the biggest single change since the beginning of the modern welfare state.
- Explains that the welfare state's aim is to ensure every citizen a sufficient income to live on as well as providing health care and education amongst other things. peter townsend studied poverty in britain from the 1950’s onwards.
- Explains how the joseph rowntree trust figures show how far the welfare state has failed to achieve some of its aims.
- Argues that the welfare state has succeeded in bringing about a fairer society at the most basic level.
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1500 wordsRead More - One Nation On Welfare By Michael Grunwald Summaryanalytical essayWhen speaking about Welfare we try to avoid it, turning welfare into an unacceptable word. In the Article “One Nation On Welfare. Living Your Life On The Dole” by Michael Grunwald, his point is to not just only show but prove to the readers that the word Welfare is not unacceptable or to avoid it but embrace it and take advantage of it. After reading this essay Americans will see the true way of effectively understanding the word welfare, by absorbing his personal experiences, Facts and Statistics, and the repetition Grunwald conveys.
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- Explains that their life is not far from grunwald's argument; they receive medical benefits from the state of california, bog fee waiver, and pell grant.
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- Defines welfare as systems by which government agencies provide economic assistance, goods, and services to persons who are unable to care for themselves. the united states welfare system encompasses ideas and concepts from an abundance of different places.
- Explains that the history of welfare systems dates back to ancient china and rome, some of the first institutions known to have established some form of a welfare system.
- Explains that the united states established a welfare system in the years immediately following america's independence from great britain, whereby the poor were auctioned to employers who used them as laborers.
- Explains that in the 1800s, the netherlands, sweden, and belgium, among others, established "socialized insurance policies" and medical care, which are still in effect today.
- Explains that the united states drafted and established a system to provide aid to soldiers, their families, and veterans after the civil war. however, state governments began to introduce additional programs to compensate for this issue.
- Explains that under president franklin d. roosevelt and his administration, the united states welfare structure was revamped. the current programs were unable to handle and fund the exponentially growing numbers of unemployed people following the stock market crash in 1929.
- Explains that the social security act moved the welfare system from state control to federal control under the aid to families with dependent children program.
- Analyzes how the new welfare system was heavily criticized by many. some argued that the state's funds were not fairly distributed in some cases because of an applicant’s ethnicity.
- Explains how president clinton and his administration enacted the personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act, which reformed the welfare system by placing a five-year time limit on welfare payments for individuals and granted control of welfare fund distribution to the states.
- Explains that the urban institute's study showed that since the 1996 welfare reform, the number of people receiving welfare checks has decreased. congress renewed the 1997 reform in 2006.
- Opines that president barack obama and his administration proposed an expansion of the welfare system. however, his critics claim that expansion would only increase government spending and abuse of welfare dollars.
- Explains that many people believe that welfare is the best way to eliminate poverty for four main reasons. they believe a social welfare system is necessary to ensure the health and hope of its people are not financially endangered by capitalism.
- Explains that the introduction of president roosevelt's new deal, which included social security, was the difference between a meal on the table or not for many families during the great depression and after.
- Explains that those "pro-welfare" believe the social welfare system is essential to keep the population secure. after the civil war, only a select number of industrial revolution greats had made their fortunes.
- Explains that those pro-welfare see the decline in the amount of people receiving tanf as a sign that the program is doing its job.
- Argues that tanf uses a small portion of the federal budget and accounts for so select group of people that it cannot even be considered an "ambitious program."
- Argues that today's welfare programs create a sense of entitlement and the system has gotten out of control.
- Argues that tanf, or "workfare," is ineffective because grants require welfare recipients to find a job in order to maintain benefits, and many of the available jobs pay minimum wage or hardly above.
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1652 wordsRead More - Welfare: The Government's Failureopinion essayMichael Katz of the University of Pennsylvania defines welfare in this quote “The welfare state is how a society insures against the risks inherent in human life - unemployment, poverty, sickness, and old age - that in one way or another confront everyone.” (Katz). Accordingly the United States’ citizens and government has been thought of as charitable, but unfavorably, government intervention might be altering United States’ citizens’ charita...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states government has pumped more than $3.5 trillion u.s. taxpayer dollars into welfare but the poverty rate is higher than when they started. the original intent of current welfare benefits has failed; the national welfare system must be reformed.
- Summarizes the history of welfare from micheal katz's article the american welfare state.
- Explains that the united states' citizens and government have been thought of as charitable, but unfavorably, government intervention might be altering their charitable reputation.
- Explains that welfare is a massive fault in the united states government system, but it can be fixed through careful examination and diagnosis.
- Opines that the united states must reform welfare before it is overcome with crime.
- Explains that welfare is the united states safety net that helps men, women, and children to get through hard times, but is it all that good?
- Explains that welfare failed to keep the poverty rate down, and the money put into it was wasted.
- Explains that welfare dependency is a problem, since more than 60 percent of people on welfare stay on it for eight years or longer.
- Explains that intergenerational and children of parents who haven't been dependent on welfare are seven times less likely to be dependent or even on the welfare themselves.
- Explains that welfare has the effect of obliterating the bond and connections of privately funded local charities to the homeless needy. large government cannot illustrate empathetic care or give the poor exactly what they need.
- Opines that welfare destroys a true sense of genuine charity among the general populace.
- Explains that 46 million americans are under a certain income that labels them as "poor" and that the current welfare system is hostile to marriage. seventy one percent of officially poor people with children are single parented homes.
- Opines that welfare reform of 1996 was a baby step to reforming the whole of the welfare state but it was successful in what its goals were.
- Opines that the next generation of reformers must build up on successes of 1996 welfare reform. they must expand workfare, control the bulging welfare debt, and prevent the government administrations from undoing tanf’s work requirements.
- Opines that welfare can and should bring people out of poverty and into the middle class, but millions of people make it a generational lifestyle. our society must realize that the welfare system has failed and must be fixed.
- Analyzes how legg, robert, and katz, micheal b., "the american welfare state," history in focus institute of historical research, oct. 2008.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that there seems to be an increase in poverty in the united states and there are so many theories behind why this might be a problem.
- Explains that liberal welfare programs were started in the 1960s to help individuals obtain better job skills by allowing them to collect welfare benefits while being trained to be skillful in more successful positions.
- Explains that the individuals were unwilling to accept the handouts that were given to them, but lacked the characteristic of power. they were unable to say no to the provided or shall i say free support.
- Explains that individuals became lazy and began to involve themselves with only individuals of the sort, which developed into anti-social behavior. children are a product of their environment.
- Opines that being a product of one's environment can be good or bad depending on their environment. they believe that poverty is passed on from generation to generation.
- Opines that society blames the "problem" of poverty on society and the government, but we forget that individuals in poverty are as much or even more to blame.
796 wordsRead More - Welfare Reformopinion essayMany have argued and debated about a systematical program called welfare. Some perceive it as dead weight to our nation and they question whether the programs offered are helping the community. As taxpayer's, the American populous funds contribute to welfare for others. Due to the large number of people who receive government assistance, it is not that simple to monitor every individual. However, I propose that welfare should be reformed. Society is abusing the access to social welfare and to prevent the downfall sure to come, the government needs to reform the accessibility and ownership of welfare because it betrays its creation; it is creating a dependent nation, and affects taxpayers and people who truly need government assistance.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that society is abusing the access to social welfare and to prevent the downfall sure to come, the government needs to reform the accessibility and ownership of welfare.
- Explains that the federal government's welfare program in the united states was made to assist the unemployed or underemployed.
- Explains that after roosevelt and the social security act were enacted in 1935, welfare has changed from being a temporary relief to almost being an abused substance.
- Opines that americans risk severe punishment and extensive debt to pay in committing federal fraud. too many citizens receive welfare to monitor everyone, which is understandable.
- Opines that anyone can reap profit from the money collected from taxpayers and fool the system. feleni f. leota was sentenced to community service and pleaded no contest to felony welfare fraud
- Explains that the government created the american legislative exchange council (alec) to stop welfare fraud.
- Opines that welfare for now is a negative feedback system for the society, which means that we cannot financially stop supporting the "needy" who receive welfare at this moment due to the state of the economy.
- Disagrees with newt gingrich's statement that people should take the brunt of the repercussions if their actions result in a drop in their well-being.
- Argues that welfare reform is a government's attempt to change the welfare policy of the country.
- Explains that realizing what does and does not work and determining the overall goal of welfare has directed welfare reform efforts. to be eligible, certain requirements must be met by the individual or family.
- Explains that #works citedbookblock, fred, richard cloward, barbara ehrenreich, and frances piven. the mean season.
- States woodside, cynthia, office of government relations, national association of social workers, personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act of 1996.
- Explains the heritage foundation's 2009 index of dependence on government.
- States that burke, vee, congressional research service, "welfare reform: an issue overview," last modified october 8, 2002.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that welfare and social assistance have been a practice used to benefit the less fortunate since the 17th century.
- Explains that welfare supplements that are provided to less wealthy families directly benefit all members of the family, and indirectly benefit the people around them.
- Compares the income flowing to recipients of social assistance with dependents, such as single mothers, to the basic-needs poverty lines.
- Explains that free education is one of the many things the canadian social services system has provided to canada.
- Explains that the canada free health system empowers the federal government to ensure that fair health principles are assured to all canadians.
- Explains that social assistance in canada is provided to people of all ethnicities, ages, genders, and mental states. equality is a large part of government intent through free programs.
- Opines that welfare, social services, and government funding are beneficial to the social system of canada because they help the canadian citizens live adequate lives and take part in all aspects of society.
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1989 wordsRead More - Essay On Welfare Stateanalytical essayThe welfare state is a political system that has been an important ideology used by countries that provide social programs to its people. One may say that the rise of the welfare state is caused by capitalist needs that lead to failure and end up hurting the well-being of its people. When the country is faced with a critical situation that hurts the people and the economy, the government is required to provide welfare programs that attempt to cure the consequences of failures of the country. For example, the Great Depression was the result of an economic crisis that caused the decline of people’s well-being. The society was faced with tremendous financial problems and the only way to fixed it was by providing an efficient welfare system, such as the New Deal. Among the programs certain acts passed, like the Social Security Act, provided benefits and compensation to workers and
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the welfare state is a political system that has been an important ideology used by countries that provide social programs to its people.
- Describes the progressive era in which social programs became an important aspect that ultimately helped the people. the ccc, cwa, fha, and nra led to the rise of the welfare state.
- Explains that franklin d. roosevelt was a president that tried to ease the people's fears caused by the recession.
- Opines that recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with abandoning the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit.
- Analyzes how roosevelt's speech demonstrates the role that banks and businesses had in the 1930s crisis. a marxist ideology brought into question the ultimate and unfair goal of the capitalist society.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that welfare states are a state with social services controlled or financed by the government that protect society's weakest members from the cradle to the grave.
- Explains that the liberal government addressed the problem of disease and the overall poor health of the nation by passing several bills, each aimed to protect the vulnerable members of society, such as children.
- Explains that the liberal government combated the indigence of the working class through reforms such as the school meals act, the national insurance act and the trade boards act.
- Explains that idleness was perceived as a problem by society, which continued to be influenced by laissez-faire attitudes of the previous century. the liberals passed the labour exchanges, 1909.
- Analyzes how the liberals ignored ignorance and squalor, two key features of society not protected by a welfare state. the education act of 1910 provided guidance for students leaving school, but nothing else was done to improve the conditions in schools.
- Explains that the liberal government attempted to protect workers through reforms such as the coal mines act of 1908, which established an eight-hour for miners, and the shop hours
- Concludes that the liberal government of 1906 to 1914 helped establish a welfare state, but by no means completed the transition from laissez-faire government to true welfare.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that society has engraved in our nation's mind that social welfare is pointless and something to be ashamed of. the majority of traditional welfare recipients are non hispanic white citizens.
- Explains that welfare is more than just receiving free money, it was created to level the playing field for those who have had disadvantages in life.
- Explains that welfare affects the global community because many countries' economy depends on the american economy functioning.
- Explains that 85% of welfare recipients are children. without welfare, children are likely to remain in poverty for the rest of their lives.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that the definition of the welfare state is a nation whereby the government undertakes appropriate action to ensure the provision of social goods and benefits.
- Explains that policies for equality can vary depending on many factors. equality of treatment involves treatment without bias, prejudice or special circumstances applying to people, and equal opportunity can be the opportunity to compete.
- Explains that inequalities are concerned with removing disadvantage in outcome. in order for the welfare state to be successful at delivering equality among the population, preceding factors must first be achieved.
- Explains that the 1998 human rights act provides the basis for equality of opportunity since education is an investment on behalf of the wider society.
- Explains that the 1944 education act contained the idea of delivering educational opportunity to all those concerned. the movement towards equality was evident and ever becoming a reality.
- Explains how rab butler revolutionized the way in which religion was implanted into the educational stream.
- Explains that labour's policies on education were introduced and its effects upon equality and justice were evident. the tripartite system was putting talent to waste.
- Explains that many policies concerning educational equality have been introduced over the years, most of which aimed to inhibit the action of bias and inequality evident in shaping our society.
- Explains that the labour party was committed to the establishment of a comprehensive health service, with services provided by staff working on full-time salaries.
- Explains that the 1974-79 labour governments made an attempt at reducing inequalities in the nhs.
- Explains that it is difficult to establish, in any sense, how successful the welfare state has been in delivering equality.
- Argues that social rights of citizenship have not made britain a more equal society. the welfare state has improved equality of entitlement, opportunity, and outcome.
- Explains the central advisory council for education's report on children and their primary schools.
- Explains crosland, c.a.r., the conservative enemy: a programme for radical reform in the 1960s.
- Explains webster's the health services since the war, vol. 1: problems of health care: the national health service before 1957.
- Describes wilson, t., and d. wilson's the state and social welfare: the objectives of policy.
1854 wordsRead More - The Importance Of Absolute Povertyexplanatory essayAbsolute poverty or the indigence refers to the privation of essential human needs , which mainly contains foods , water, sewage, clothing , shelter, education and health care . the relative poverty is defined contextually as inequality of the economic in the place or the community in which people live.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the anti-poverty strategy in the short term is based on aid and support and methods development for small businesses through the work of civil societies.
- Explains that poverty is linked to a lack of work, activity, and effectiveness of civilization and the ability to progress and develop. it remains relatively meaningless poverty determined by the peoples.
- Opines that the regime does not feel it unjust citizen security, justice, and confidence to protect him from injustice and tyranny.
- Explains that poor distribution of wealth, access, and poor organization, as well as dependency and inaction lack of social solidarity among members of the community. wars and colonialism.
- Explains that absolute poverty is defined as the privation of essential human needs, which includes food, water, sewage, clothing, shelter, education, and health care.
- Explains that poverty is a deficit to hold on to the opportunities and options available and the attack on the people's rights and dignity.
- Explains that absolute poverty is a serious condition, and it is difficult to get rid of it or minimize them easily. there is no acute poverty in the united kingdom and this is what needs to be done.
- Explains that relative poverty is the most helpful gauge for ascertaining rates of poverty in rich developed countries. it reproduces good cost of social addition and parity of opportunities in a specified time and space.
- Opines that the most important wars and international disputes and conflicts that countries prohibit development opportunity and development interfere with poor countries exploitation and looting of wealth.
- Opines that contentment political and government and a commitment to human development alone is capable of that economic growth translates occur in the form of redistribution of investments.
2353 wordsRead More