Clean water supply is essential in establishing and maintaining a healthy community. There are two sources of water supply which are the surface water and ground water. Most natural waters are not suitable for consumption as it is contaminated by pathogens and also natural chemicals and minerals. In addition, as a city grew, wastes from human activities contaminate most of the water supplies. Water treatment plays an important role to properly treat a contaminated source of water supply in order to protect the health of consumers. Water treatment process is defined as a process of eliminating pollutants from untreated water to produce a biologically and chemically risk-free water, which is both potable and palatable for human consumption (SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd., n.d.). There are six important steps in water treatment process, namely screening, aeration, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and lastly, disinfection (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The first step in water treatment process is screening. Raw water undergoes physical screening to remove coarse material and debris as it comes to the water treatment plant. Screening separates particles according to their size alone. As mentioned by Hendricks (2006), the objective of the screen is to accept a feed containing a mixture of particles of various sizes and separate it into two fractions, an underflow that is passed through the screen and an overflow that is rejected by the screen. (p. 121)
Screening is further divided into coarse and fine screens. Raw water undergoes coarse screen to eliminate floating material of fairly large size as preliminary treatment for the next step. These floating or submerged debris would damage pumps or block inlets, hence it i...
... middle of paper ...
...ater treatment. London, UK: Thomas Telford Limited.
Hendricks, D. W. (2006). Water treatment unit processes: Physical and chemical. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group.
Horan, N. J. (1993). Biological wastewater treatment systems: Theory and operation. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Jin, Y. C., Guo, Q. G., & Viraraghavan, T. (2000). Modeling of class I settling tanks. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 126(8), 754-760.
McGhee, T. J. (1991). Water supply and sewerage (6th ed.). Singapore, Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd. (n.d.). Water treatment process. Retrieved from http://www.saj.com.my/Default.php.
Shun, D. L. (2007). Water and wastewater calculations manual. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Wormleaton, P. R., & Tsang, C. C. (2000). Aeration performance of rectangular planform labyrinth weirs. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 126(5), 456-465.
Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
The key stakeholders are Peter Vyas, the manager of filtration unit and Cynthia Jackson who is the vice president of water management division. Vyas was convinced that the survival of the unit depended upon innovative growth and thus he appointed a technology evaluation team with the responsibility of using technology to solve the problem of obtaining clean water in remote regions, by developing a small-scale oxidation system that enabled waste-water disinfection in small batches. His utmost concern is the technological aspect of developing the product. On the other hand, Cynthia’s perspective was shaped by the marketing angle of the product. She recommended the development of future proposals using a rigorous three phase process which links the markets analysis and technological development to busines...
Wastewater must be sent to a Wastewater Treatment Plant where is it treated in several ways to ensure the wastes are removed.
There are several types of treatment methods present but biological treatment methods have gained much traction in the recent years due to their low operation costs, comparatively benign effects on the environment and their ease of handling and maintenance. Biological wastewater treatment methods can be subcategorized into dispersed growth systems and attached growth systems. Biofilms fall under the latter category (Sehar & Naz, 2016)
Figure 2: Typical SBR Process [Typical SBR Process [Arora, S. (n.d). Sequencing Batch Reactors Wastewater Treatment. Retrieved April 25, 2014, from http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/waterres/training/aww/08_susheel_sequencing_batch_reactors_in_wastewater_treatment.pdf]
In this assignment an overview of water purification in pharmaceutical manufacturing will be briefly explored. The system(S)/equipment used in that process will be identified and installation qualification and operational qualification of this equipment will be discussed.
Water treatment is considered to be a relevant action to ensure environmental sustainability. With an increase in water pollutants, water treatment plants are forced to develop additional processes in order to adequately purify the polluted water. In a report for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed it was stated that the presence of non-point source pollutants caused “a 35% increase” in cost for the wastewater treatment plant (Rees 2014). As well, a study in
San Diego County’s has three million residents currently receive drinking water from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD), which treats the water at one of its Water Treatment Plants. But growth in the area has exceeded the water district’s ability to deliver sufficient quantities of water during the summer season. The Twin Oaks Valley water treatment plant helps to mitigate any water shortages and also provide a self-sufficient, affordable, high quality supply that will meet the area’s demands.
Meaning that drinking unsanitized and unfiltered water can expose you to harmful types of microorganisms and other harmful things to take in such as dirt and decomposed plant life, which can lead to illness. The results of our experiments also answered our question, “Does water treatment kill all living things in the water? If the treated water is containing any microorganism then should we drink it?” Well as we studied local treated water in our experiments we did not find bacteria, but in the case of if you did find harmful or non-harmful bacteria in your water. Contact your local authorities so they can take care of the problem, but in the meantime drink bottled
This review shows the pros and cons of using the combination of various technologies for industrial wastewater treatment plant. Rapid industrialization, intensive agriculture and other human activities cause soil degradation, pollution and lowers the productivity and sustainability of the crops that further increase the pressure on natural resources and contribute to their degradation. Environmental bioremediation is an effective management tool for managing the polluted environment and in restoring the contaminated soil. The use of microbial sources, coupled with advanced technology is one of the most promising and economic strategies for the removal of environmental pollutants. There is a strong scientific growth with both the in situ
Discuss in detail about the mechanism of each treatment unit in treating the waste water. (Note: which impurities are treated and how they are treated)
Filters are the means of controlling and directing the flow of seepage water through dams for hundreds of years. Filters are used to prevent movement of soil particles from or between various zones and foundations of embankment dams. Such movement, if not controlled, can result in the development of concentrated leaks that can lead to serious consequences and, in extreme cases, failure of an embankment dam. In fact, approximately 50% of all dam failures are attributed to excess seepage. These sort of failures are progressive in nature and begi...
The more processes done to purify the water the better the water quality for example beaker 5
Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage such as: the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important; as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community. A precise system, of which must be compliant according to government standards, is critical to maintain low levels of wastes that are returned to neighboring water systems after treatment.