1. Introduction
Water is a source that humanity need for both domestic and industrial use and is utilized in a huge amount. Thus, there is a pressure on water. The increase of population and the industrial development of the majority of countries aggravate the problem. The excessive consumption of water coupled with the scarcity of this resource makes the issue even more critical. According to Lefort, water covers around 70 percent of the Earth, freshwater makes up only 3 percent of it, moreover, almost all of that is unattainable to use. (Lefort, R.,1996) Generally, only about 0.01 percent of the world’s total water supply is considered available for human use. What is more frustrating is that only a few sources of fresh water can be relied
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The arid climate even aggravates the situation. Therefore, it seems important to analyze the situation in the region and find solutions to the issue. Obviously, the negative impact of the lack of water is unbearable. Water scarcity already has an impact on every continent. Based on Human Development Report in 2006, nearly 1.6 billion people, face an economic water shortage, a situation when a country misses the infrastructure needed to extract water from rivers and ponds. (Human development report 2006, 2006) Water scarcity leads to a large range of problems: lack of access to drinking water, hunger, lack of education, disease and sanitation issues. The scale of the problem is shown on a map …show more content…
(Introduction To Desalination Technologies in Australia, 2002) http://www.sydneydesal.com.au
4. 2. 4 Usage
On the whole, a large amount of desalination plants have been built in half a century, since 1965 to 2011. The below chart shows the location and the spread of desalination plants by country. According to Water Desalination Report,
Desalinated water is mostly used in the Middle East, (mainly Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain), which makes 70% of global capacity; and in North Africa (mainly Libya and Algeria), which amounts to nearly 6% of worldwide capacity. Among developed countries, the U.S. is one of the major users of desalinated water (6.5%), particularly in California and Florida. (Desalination.com, 2016)
www.desalination.com
The graph below represents information about locations of declination plants.
5.5 Quality of water
“More than 300 million people in 150 countries now profit from access to harmless, quality water from desalination. Worldwide there are over 15,000 desal plants." (Neil Palmer,2013
Mercer, Dave. "Desal Or Not To Desal? The Desalination Debate In Australia." Geodate 21.2 (2008): 5-7. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.
I believe that the desolation of ocean water is obsessive and should not be done. For example the water system is not consistent. Also, As Voice of San Diego reported yesterday, ¨the Carlsbad plant failed to deliver about 20 percent of the promised water in 2016, and produced no water for 46 days. During its 18- month history, the plant’s reliability has gotten worse. It delivered 90 percent of the water San Diego County Water Authority ordered in 2016,and just 70 percent so far in 2017. At the same time, it has racked up more than a dozen water pollution violations.¨ This shows that the water desalination system is inconsistent. therefore , people cannot rely on the system.
In our generation of new technologies and high civilization it is hard to believe that our World is in Water crisis. This crisis is affecting not only low-developed parts of the world but also it affects high-developed countries, about one third of the humanity suffers from the scarcity of water (Molden 2010). One of the main causes of it is overpopulation. In increasing water demand water sources which we have now are not able to renew themselves. Another factor of water scarcity is not economized water consumption. Nowadays most of countries are beginning to realize that solving the problem of scarcity of water is very crucial. One of them is Mexico where water shortage is the national problem.
The amount of water has been shrinking steadily but with extreme increases in population growth and consumption rate, countries in dry areas specifically the Middle East will feel the colossal effects of a water shortage. Since 1950, the population of the Middle East has risen by 21% a...
Water plays an important role in our lives. All living things need water to live. 70% of the earth’s surface is water. Most of the water is salt water that is less likely to be used in our daily life. Less than 2% of earth’s water is freshwater that can be utilized by humans (Western Upper Peninsula Center for Science, Mathematics and Envorimental Education & Sustainable Futures Institute). Hence, freshwater resources are very limited. Moreover, such water resources are not evenly distributed across the areas. For instance, in China, north region only has 5% of the fresh water resources which supports around 40% of the population. Moreover, water is increasingly scarce in China due to population growth and rapid industrialization during the past decades. It is inevitable that total water use will grow along with China’s economy while the water scarcity is getting more severe, and therefore, the topic of water use and conservation is worth of discussing.
Desalination involves the removal of salt and other minerals from saline water to produce pure water. Specialized facilities, referred to as desalination plants, utilize this process to generate fresh water from seawater and brackish ground water. The water produced by these plants can then be used for human consumption and agricultural purposes. Therefore, the construction of desalination plants is being considered as an answer to the state’s current water crisis. Although desalination offers the significant benefit of an increased water supply, there are negative environmental impacts. The problem is its extreme energy demands resulting in high emission of greenhouse gases.
Water is a precious natural resource which is essential for the survival of all living things; however, fresh water is becoming finite at an increasingly fast rate. Water is vital for the economic and social growth of a country; to generate energy, maintain health and grow food. However, a rising population, combined with the effects of climate change puts a strain on water availability. The United Nations Development (2006) states that around 700 million people suffer from water scarcity in 43 different countries and these numbers are predicted to rise to 1.8 billion people by the year 2025. Water shortage is a concerning issue and it could be argued that the effects could prove detrimental as the threat continues to rise. As well as the causes
To do so, there are varying methods at which our society uses to desalinate seawater. These processes include: reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, thermal distillation, multistage flash distillation and multiple-effect distillation. Out of all these reverse ...
Recently, water scarcity is a critical issue that has been increasing human attention. Unfortunately, approximately one-fifth people who suffer from water scarcity (FAQ, 2007:P.4) that meant people who live a region is below 1000 m³ per year Pereira(2009). On the other hand, this situation has not changed; likewise, it become more serious due to population growth as well as pollution that lead the residents have not enough water in daily life. Therefore, the following paper would analysis the cause and the effects of the water shortage.
As the available fresh water is limited on earth, its demand is increasing day by day. The increasing world population and the agricultural, industrial activities and domestic uses all over the world contribute to the depletion and pollution of fresh water resources where most of clean water resources are rapidly being reduced around the world through human consumption. The growing world population leads to the assumption that two thirds of the population will lack sufficient fresh water by the year 2025. Asia for example, is developing the shortage of water which result of few factors including the food’s demand where 80% of the Asia fresh water resources needed by that sector. The second factor stated by Arjun Thapan, ADB's Special Senior Advisor to the President on Infrastructure and Water, in one interview with ABC Australia is rapid in...
The International Desalination Association says that as of 2007 there were about 13,000 desalination plants operating around the world. They pumped out approximately 14.7 billion gallons (55.6 billion liters) of drinkable freshwater a day. A lot of these plants are in countries like Saudi Arabia, where energy from oil is cheap but water is scarce.
The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development. 70% of this demand derives from agriculture which shows the influence of water on food supply globally as well not just drinking water (Sawin “Water Scarcity could overwhelm the Next Generation”). But increasing water use is not just a matter of the greater number of people needing it to drink and eat; it also comes from pollution and misuse of water supplies, by either dumping or runoff of bacteria or chemicals into water. This also “causes other pollutions as well such as soil and air pollution, accelerating wetland damage and human caused global warming” (Smith and Thomassey 25). According to UN report, recent estimates suggest that climate change will account for about 20 percent of the increase in global water scarcity in coming decades.
...s is done by Singapore with their NEWater project. NEWater is recycled sewage water which is treated using advance technology like Microfiltration, Reverse Osmosis in a semi-permeable membrane and UV disinfection which makes the final product safe for drinking (PUB, 2013). Singapore also opened a Seawater Desalination plant in 2005 which hopes to explore the possibility of turning seawater into freshwater by biomimicry which is mimicking the biological processes of mangrove plants and euryhaline fish extract seawater using minimal energy since the current Reverse Osmosis technique of changing sea water to salt water is said to be energy consuming (Henley, 2013). We also can plan the water usage and use the water efficiently at home to contribute in sustaining the freshwater source of the globe so that the next generation will not have to suffer from water shortage.
People don’t appreciated the many advantages that comes with having clean potable water to use, taking it for granted. A lot of clean useful water is wasted by humans all the time that people don’t care about saving water because they have easy access to it. Clean and safe drinkable water resources are getting scarce as the population grows. The world is facing many problems, but the most important needed to survive, is water. Water is getting low in many countries, therefore habitants are suffering the misfortune of not having the reliable source of clean water. Today many countries are having water shortages; meaning rivers, lakes, streams and groundwater are not enough to rely on for supplying water demands. For example, California is facing a drastic water shortage, the natural water resources are not enough to fulfill their water demands. Water shortage affects the agricultural sector, so as a consequence the price for production
Water is an integral part of not only human beings but all other creatures in the world. We use it every day for different purposes such as domestic, agricultural and industrial. Water has always been a prestigious resource. However, the majority of people do not appraise water’s worth since they do not face water scarcity; whereas, in third world countries it is one of the most serious problems. Nearly 2.4 billion people have a lack of water resources in the world, shows the investigation done by the Pacific Institute, an Oakland, California-based non-profit scientific research group. Moreover, every year this number is growing gradually and more people are suffering (Bloomberg News, 2010). There are certain causes which deteriorate current situation. The most influential reasons are global warming, pollution by human-beings and overpopulation. It is known that India is one of the countries which face water scarcity so this essay will consider the possible ways of solutions of water shortage in India.