WHAT IS WATER MANAGEMENT??
Water management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and ideal utilisation of water resources (or assets). Water management is to complete demands for water and seeks to allocate water on a equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demand.
Water management is the management of water assets under set strategies and controls. Water management includes management of water resources, water treatment (for e.g.: - drinking water, waste water, sewage water, industrial water), flood protection, water table, irrigation etc.
Main discussion topics of water management are economics, water quality, and environment. We see these topics as three different topics but in reality, all the three topics are interconnected
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Water is one of the world's most valuable assets, various uses of water have diminished the availability of water resources, therefore proper management is mandatory. Water resource management is an crucial issue from a few edges, for example, advancement of water bodies for future, assurance of accessible water bodies from contamination and misuse. Management of water assets in India is of vital significance to maintain one billion or more. As per the United Nations, one of every four youngsters worldwide will live in zones extremely limited water resource by 2040. Also, water stress is straightforwardly identified with territories with popularity, for example, those encountering fast, unchecked urbanization; or those that are normally water scarce Major part of water is consumed by crops, crops give us energy and energy keep us alive.
We live in a world of water but approximately 97% of it makes up the oceans. Ocean water is too salty to be used for drinking water, framing, or manufacturing. Only 3% of the world’s water is fresh, and 2% of this supply is frozen in glaciers and ice
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About 20% of the world’s aquifers today are depleted.
768 million people, at present, lack access to a safe and reliable source of water.
India
1) India has 18% of the world’s population, it has 4% of water resources of the world.
2) Annual per capita availability of water was 1,816 cubic meters in 2001.
3) Yearly per capita accessibility of water reduces from 6,042 cubic meters in the year 1947 to 1,545 cubic meter in 2011.
4) Annual per capital availability of water will further reduce to 1,340cubic meter by 2025 and to 1,140 cubic meters by the year 2050.
5) 90% of waste water discharged in rivers does not meet environmental norms.
6) 65% rainwater runoff goes into the sea, which is a major wastage.
7) Agriculture sector is the biggest users of water followed by domestic sector and industrial sector.
PRINCIPLE OF WATER MANAGEMENT
These principles hold that: (1) fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource essential to sustain life, development, and the environment.
(2) water advancement and management ought to be founded on a participatory approach, including users, organizers (or planners), and strategy producers (or policy makers) at all
The human race needs three things to survive; air to breathe, food to eat, and water to drink. A large majority of the public thinks these resources are infinite and plentiful. What they fail to realize is that they are not infinite, air can become polluted, food can carry pesticides, and water can transmit diseases very easily. In order to keep these necessities safe, many companies are taking the initiative by trying to cut down on pollution and stop using harmful pesticides. Water, however is not getting enough attention, especially in urban areas. Framework exists for these urban areas to be able to have successful water management, but some countries cannot afford these ideas or simply do not want
...management than scarcity of that resource. In some cases up to 50% water in urban areas, and 60% of the water used for agriculture is wasted through evaporation and loss. Logging and land conversion to yield to the demands of human beings have been reduced to half the world's forests, which has increased soil erosion and water scarcity.
An estimated 1.6 billion people around the world live in regions of economic water scarcity, with 780 million of these people living in areas with no basic water facilities. Economic water scarcity means that investments in water resources and relevant human labour forces are not substantial enough to meet water demands in an area where the population does not have the financial means to make use of an adequate water source on their own. Economic water scarcity is about an unequal distribution of resources for many reasons, including political and cultural conflict. Symptoms of economic water scarcity include lack of infrastructure development, causing people to have trouble getting enough water for agriculture or even basic sanitation and
The amount of water has been shrinking steadily but with extreme increases in population growth and consumption rate, countries in dry areas specifically the Middle East will feel the colossal effects of a water shortage. Since 1950, the population of the Middle East has risen by 21% a...
China has largest population around the world. In recent years, the water demand has grown rapidly to 4.13*1012m3 while the overall supply of water in China keeps falling every year. Based on climate scientists’ estimation, China’s total water supply drops by more than 90 trillion gallons annually (Cho, 2011). More than 450 cities in China suffer severe water shortages problems. The problem has been getting increasingly sever...
UNDP, 2006. Human Development Report: Coping with water scarcity. Challenge of the twenty-first century., s.l.: UN-Water, FAO, 2007.
Water is a precious natural resource which is essential for the survival of all living things; however, fresh water is becoming finite at an increasingly fast rate. Water is vital for the economic and social growth of a country; to generate energy, maintain health and grow food. However, a rising population, combined with the effects of climate change puts a strain on water availability. The United Nations Development (2006) states that around 700 million people suffer from water scarcity in 43 different countries and these numbers are predicted to rise to 1.8 billion people by the year 2025. Water shortage is a concerning issue and it could be argued that the effects could prove detrimental as the threat continues to rise. As well as the causes
Water is a source that humanity need for both domestic and industrial use and is utilized in a huge amount. Thus, there is a pressure on water. The increase of population and the industrial development of the majority of countries aggravate the problem. The excessive consumption of water coupled with the scarcity of this resource makes the issue even more critical. According to Lefort, water covers around 70 percent of the Earth, freshwater makes up only 3 percent of it, moreover, almost all of that is unattainable to use. (Lefort, R.,1996) Generally, only about 0.01 percent of the world’s total water supply is considered available for human use. What is more frustrating is that only a few sources of fresh water can be relied
Water service is one of the most crucial sector that has direct daily impact to the wellbeing of human life. Therefore many Governments especially those of developing countries have had difficulties in achieving sustainable water services to their people. Nonetheless, the provision of good water services is exceedingly linked to water governance and it is on this context that many Governments at different times have endeavoured to look for the best water governance system in their Countries.
Freshwater in the world makes up only a small portion of water on the planet. While the percentage of water in the world is nearly 70%, only 2.5% is consumable. Even further, only <1% is easily accessible to basic human needs. According to National Geographic, “by 2025, an estimated 1.8 billion people will live in areas plagued by water scarcity, with two-thirds of the world's population living in water-stressed regions as a result of use, growth, and climate change.” With this current trend, water will become more immersed in environmental, economic, political, and social changes. Many of these in later years shall need to be addressed as tension rises:
The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development. 70% of this demand derives from agriculture which shows the influence of water on food supply globally as well not just drinking water (Sawin “Water Scarcity could overwhelm the Next Generation”). But increasing water use is not just a matter of the greater number of people needing it to drink and eat; it also comes from pollution and misuse of water supplies, by either dumping or runoff of bacteria or chemicals into water. This also “causes other pollutions as well such as soil and air pollution, accelerating wetland damage and human caused global warming” (Smith and Thomassey 25). According to UN report, recent estimates suggest that climate change will account for about 20 percent of the increase in global water scarcity in coming decades.
According to World Health Organisation’s (WHO) guidelines of Right to Water, “Accessibility to water includes a continuous supply of a minimum amount of water which is sufficient for drinking, personal and domestic hygiene, for an affordable price, within a reasonable distance”. According to WHO basic access can be defined as the availability of at least 20 litres of drinking water per person per day within a distance of not more than 1 km of the dwelling. (UN Water Taskforce, 2010)
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is not economically feasible to extract this waster for use as drinking water. This leaves less than one percent of the world’s fresh water that is available to humans. It includes the water found in lakes, reservoirs, groundwater that is shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. These freshwater sources are the only sources that are frequently replenished by rain and snowfall, and therefore are renewable. At the current rates of consumption, however, this supply of fresh water will not last. Pollution and contamination of freshwater sources exacerbate the problem, further reducing the amount of freshwater available for human consumption. Something must be done if humans want to even survive in the near future: the lack of clean drinking water is already the number one cause of disease in the world today. The first step is worldwide awareness of the water crisis: governments and the citizens they govern worldwide need to know about this problem and be actively involved in solving this problem.
Water is the most priceless resource on our planet. Billions of gallons flow through our rivers and lakes. Millions of gallons are consumed by humans each day. Our world’s surface is seventy percent water. With so much water around us, how can 1.1 billion people still lack access to clean water (Cooper, Water Shortages)? People are already using fifty four percent of all the freshwater available on this planet (Cooper, Water Shortages). We cannot afford to neglect something so essential to our very survival. We must defend our most important natural resource—water.
Water is an integral part of not only human beings but all other creatures in the world. We use it every day for different purposes such as domestic, agricultural and industrial. Water has always been a prestigious resource. However, the majority of people do not appraise water’s worth since they do not face water scarcity; whereas, in third world countries it is one of the most serious problems. Nearly 2.4 billion people have a lack of water resources in the world, shows the investigation done by the Pacific Institute, an Oakland, California-based non-profit scientific research group. Moreover, every year this number is growing gradually and more people are suffering (Bloomberg News, 2010). There are certain causes which deteriorate current situation. The most influential reasons are global warming, pollution by human-beings and overpopulation. It is known that India is one of the countries which face water scarcity so this essay will consider the possible ways of solutions of water shortage in India.