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Forces driving urbanization in Africa
Forces driving urbanization in Africa
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Recommended: Forces driving urbanization in Africa
Production of solid waste in the cities is a silent problem that’s growing every day. With the growing rate of urbanization, the growth of production of wastes has also increased. Comparing with the situation of previous ten years, generation of wastes has increased from 0.68 billion tonnes per year to 1.3 billion tonnes per year.
By 2025 this will likely increase to 2.2 billion tonnes per year (WB, 2012).
Urbanization and economic development contributes in the generation of wastes. Also the changes in the consumption pattern have increased the generation of wastes.
Management of waste is an urgent issue for rapidly growing cities in the low income countries. A city without the knowledge of proper waste management is unable to manage the other
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Some households may not take any kind of services. This paper identifies these behaviors and determinants influencing them. Waste management covers various aspects such as organic waste, inorganic waste, hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste, electronic waste, soiled waste, inert waste, composite waste, biomedical waste etc. These wastes are generations are affected by the factors age, gender, education, profession, income, locations and many more. Waste generations also differ by seasonal variations, social status, family practice and distance to dumpsite. This study focuses on the residential wastes and various options for disposal of wastes available to the households. It also focuses on the factors that influence these disposal behaviors. This study considers only two types of wastes; organic and inorganic. By considering these two types of wastes the study focuses on how the households reduce, reuse and recycle the wastes.
The author considered to two planned residential areas and two unplanned residential
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areas in Khulna City to examine the waste management behavioral pattern of the households for this study.
1.3 Rationale of the
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Waste management behaviors are influenced by various factors. To trace out the determinants that influence these behaviors, 42 variables are identified. By identifying these variables it is intended to find out whether these variables influence households’ waste management behavior or not. Either the variable make influence positively or negatively, at which degree the variable make influence; these are intended to find out. The impact of these factors are traced out on service taking behavior, reusing and recycling behavior of organic waste and inorganic waste and where the residents are disposing their wastes.
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1.5 Limitation of the Study
This study aims at finding out the behavior of the residents regarding waste management and the factors influencing them. This study is based on the primary data which depends on the statement of the respondents. It may not be accurate because sometimes the respondents don’t provide actual data. This study incorporates only
220 samples which might not show the actual scenario. In spite of these limitations, the author would try to find out the results of this
Since the industrial revolution the United States has experienced tremendous change. This change has created a consumer culture that has resulted in the creation of mass amounts of waste. According to reports, in the year 2003 Americans produced almost 500 million pounds waste. Alone the U.S consumes 30% of the world’s resources and produces 30% of all waste (Conquest, 2). These numbers attest to a consumer culture that has created an undesirable waste problem that is yet to be resolved. However, not everyone is affected proportionately by waste, as predominantly low-income communities live in close proximity to waste related sites. In this paper I will discuss how low-income communities are disproportionately subjected to the detrimental health effects caused by waste, and I will argue that low-income communities have historically and are currently responding to counter the effects of waste to protect their communities.
Solid waste management, the compilation, managing, and disposing of solid items that are neglected because they have failed to function or are no longer effective. Incorrect removal of municipal solid waste can create contaminated conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to corruption of the surroundings and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases caused by animals and insects. The tasks of solid waste management present complicated technical obstacles. The local government is responsible for collecting reusable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste materials from the material recovery facilities and transporting them to the recycling centers and or to the municipal material recovery facility.
Zeithaml, Valarie A, Berry, Leonard L, & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 9401886).
Topic: The topic of my presentation is over the need and importance of Recycling in our/your community.
Recycling means converting waste into usable things. However, does it really help to make a change? The things you do to clear up all your wastes, separate paper from plastic and glass and metal. Some probably would assume that recycling is helping their community and protecting the environment. But is it? Are you in fact wasting your time? There are still many people out there who does not even know what recycling is about. They don’t care throwing their waster randomly. Some people belief that keeping some things for a longer time without giving them away for recycling will be valuable in future. In some places people have no idea about recycling, they just throw away the waste or even burn them. This is just another cause of the environmental
Even if it hadn’t been illegal, it still would have been unethical for Lupo to order the dumping of the waste. Ethics are the morals that guide a person’s actions. People have different morals that guide their behaviors, which makes ethics a subjective area. By looking at some ethical frameworks, we can see that Lupo’s order was unethical. First, consequentialism looks at the result of an action in determining if a decision is ethical (Lightle, Susan). By dumping the toxic waste, the creek became void of life (Hardrock Case). That area can no longer support wildlife, including any fish that lived in that creek. The creek also spills into the Mahoning River so the toxic waste also affects any areas along the river’s path. Since the action leads to a negative result, the dumping of the waste was an unethical decision.
You know when you’re walking down the street, drinking your bottled soft drink or water; as you go to throw the bottle away in the trash, have you notice how many of the items in the trash are recyclable. Current reports show that about 80% of the trash that is thrown away is recyclable. Recycling is the third “R” of the three “R’s”: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Recycling is defined as taking a product or material at the end of its useful life, and turning it into a usable raw material to create another product. According to Ivanhoe Broadcast News, each year the average American family throws out 2,460 pounds of paper, 540 pounds of metals, 480 pounds of glass and 480 pounds of food scraps. In conclusion the average American throws away more than 1,200 pounds of trash per year, far more than people in most other countries. I personally think that it is ridiculous how unaware and careless people are that they can’t throw an item into a different container, so it can be recycled. To a certain extent it is not just the publics’ fault; I personally believe that the government should set up and take control of the situation. Instead of sitting around as the world becomes more polluted. I believe there are many ways that we can improve this system.
The benefits for recycling are the down going cost and/or the purest quality of bottles, cans, plastic, iron, water, paper, air, vegetables, meat, fruit, spoilage, alcohol, cigarettes, all kinds of minerals, your everyday life, your very own and family’s health, and so on. You would never expect some list like that without thinking about your environment deeply, right? Generally, recycling is an effective way for anyone to prevent pollution and the only way to give the Earth time to heal its self from these evil citizens who do not care about the poison they’ve been generating. This process saves energy, reduce toxic, water, and air pollution; as well as giving creatures that aren’t human a fair chance to live in this cruel planet that the world considers successful.
Have you ever wonder what can you do about the bottles and cans you find around you? People that doesn?t care about the world being clean is littering the place. It makes things very difficult to put up for. Recycling cans and bottles can help save the earth form waste and trash buildup and can make new things. I think that recycling should be mandatory and there should be recycling cans in various locations at school and everywhere else.
Have you ever imagined that Earth is no longer available due to pollution? As shown in Wall-E, people recognize that wastes can lead Earth to be unavailable for all lives because of toxic gas from wastes. In each day, tons of wastes are create, and they are disposed with vary disposal methods. Unfortunately, current disposal methods have limitations; landfill and incineration create harmful chemicals that pollute Earth. Even if people live only with necessity of life, wastes are still created and they needed to be disposed. Even though current waste disposal methods solve problems caused by wastes, they create another problem while disposing wastes. When disposing waste with current methods, wastes seem to be disappear, but they are remain in different form still polluting Earth in many ways like air, ground and water pollutions. To resolve addressed problem, the best way is to make no wastes, but it is impossible unless people can live without necessity of life. The other method is to improve waste disposal methods. There are some companies that try to prevent pollutions caused while disposing wastes. These companies try to develop safer waste disposal methods. Waste Management (WM) is the most famous companies among these eco-friendly companies, and WM shows some possible solutions for improving waste disposal methods. In addition, this article will analyze, critique and suggest improvements of Waste Management's three ways to dispose several types of waste: improving current recycling, renewable energy from Landfill gas (LFG), and waste conversion.
The primary source of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the household sources, which accounts for 55 to 65 percent of the total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated. This is closely followed by the commercial sources (EPA, 2011) while Commercial and Institutional Waste locations accounts to about 35 to 45 percent of total MSW (EPA, 2011) generated globally. The industries contributes a very miniature part of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) since most industries recycle and manages most of its own solid residuals by recycling, reuse, or self-disposal in industrial waste landfills. Nevertheless some industrial waste still end up in MSW landfills sites.
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
Chase, R. and Apte, U. (2007). A history of research in service operations: What's the big idea?.Journal of Operations Management, 25(2), pp.375--386.
2.6 trillion Pounds of garbage. That’s the amount of trash the world will produce just this year. How much garbage does an average American go through yearly compared to other countries? How does this affect people’s lives and our future? If we could only reuse, reduce, and recycle; just these three simple things and we can start our journey to a cleaner, healthier, and happier planet.
Wastes are the products of our consumptions in our daily life routines such as lunch, work, school and other things we do. Little things such as throwing out a piece of paper, we are producing waste by the seconds. After we consume a product we usually throw out what’s left that can’t be consumed any further. Results in producing waste, substance that are born after it’s been use or consume by us. At the end of each day we throw out a bag full of garbage, all of the materials in that bag (paper towels, cans, leftover foods and many other material’s) all of these are waste. Hospitals produce medical waste such as use needles for treating patients. Corporations produce papers, plastics, tires, steels, cans and many other type of solid waste which contribute to the pollutions that cause health risk and other environmental issues.