2.0 Literature Review
People are consume a lot of product and generate waste product much faster than the natural degradation process and replecement of this materials. So far, Malaysians spend much more money on waste management. Local authorities spend up to 60 per cent of their annual budget to manage solid waste generated in the country, which costs Malaysia between RM110 and RM130 to collect and dispose one tonne of garbage. That sums up to RM1.98 million to RM2.34 million per day or RM854 million per year at the current generation of 18,000 tonnes of solid wastes per day (Ali, Eeda et al., 2012).
2.1 What is waste and domestic waste
Waste is unwanted material left over from a production process, or output which has no marketable value. For the domestic waste, solid waste that comprising of garbage and rubbish like bottles, cans, clothes, shoes,disposables, compost, papers, diposables and food scraps that comes from private homes or apartments. Domestic waste also may contain hazardous waste. Domestc waste is also called household waste and residential waste.
2.2 Characteristic of wastes
Solid waste has been categorized into several types according to the classification which has been used by almost all countries in the world. The main division is into organic, inorganic and hazardous waste.
Table 1 : Characteristics of domestic wastes ( source: Ali, Eeda et al., 2012 )
Types of Waste Waste Components
a) Organic wastes
Composting/Biodegradable waste
Food
Recyclable/non-biodegradable waste
Paper
Plastic
Rubber and leather
Textiles
Wood
Yard wastes
Non-Recyclable/residual waste
Plastic.
b) Inorganic wastes
Recyclable/non-biodegradable waste
Glass
products etc.
Aluminium cans
Bulky wastes
...
... middle of paper ...
...se schemes are designed to encourage people to produce less waste and to recycle more. In Curitiba, Brazil since 1989, successful recycling programme which is ‘garbage is not garbage’ has been run that have been joined by more than thousand families. They will receive 2 kilograms of food for every 4 kilograms of recyclable rubbish they deliver to mobile recycling units ( Sally, 2012).
Works Cited
1) Sally Morgan, Waste, Recycling and Reuse, 2006, White-Thomson Publishing Ltd
2) Ali, H., N. Eeda and C. S. Ho (2012). "Urban Solid Waste Minimisation in Malaysia-The case of Shah Alam City Hall, Selangor."
3) Othman, A. R. and M. Yuhaniz (2012). "Recycle of Domestic Waste among Terrace House Residents in Shah Alam." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 50: 884-898.
4) http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/household-waste.html. Access date: 30 December 2013
Solid waste is normally collected in a solid waste area equipped with compartments or containers for each type of waste.
In many countries the term municipal solid waste (MSW) has different means. Now here in the United States it is commonly known as trash or garbage but in the United Kingdom it would be called refuse or rubbish. It is a waste type consisting of everyday items that people use and then throw away. These things consist of grass clippings, furniture, clothing, batteries, newspapers, food scraps and many other things that are used in our homes, schools, hospitals and businesses (EPA, 2014). It was reported that in 2012 Americans generated almost 251 million tons of trash and only recycled and composted almost 87 million tons (EPA, 2014). Therefore, municipal solid waste is the things we throw away every day.
Waste management is the operation of how waste materials are handled. The affair of waste management is relevant to everyone world-wide. Wastes are materials that have no further economic use, and when disposed of, are hazardous to humans and the environment. Wastes include solid waste, liquid wastes, and air pollutants created by humans and cannot be naturally recycled. Current waste management techniques need to be completely overhauled because funding in government budget is not enough to meet standards, landfills are reaching their maximum capacity worldwide, and nuclear waste storage must be handled correctly. Waste management has been a highly thought about complication for global authorities. Due to
"Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2010." United States Environmental Protection Agency. November 2011. http://www.epa.gov (accessed November 30, 2011).
Such as general domestic garbage, food waste, ash and packaging materials, human manure, emergency waste like plastic and paper, remains from disaster, mud and dirt that came from natural disaster, and many more.
In 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency estimated that Americans generated 250 million tons of municipal solid waste, MSW1, of which only 87 million tons were recycled or composted (“Municipal Solid Waste”, 1). This value, however, does not represent the total amount waste generated by the United States since MSW only accounts for 2 percent of total waste generated. As more trash is generated, space to construct more landfills becomes an issue. In order to reduce the amount of solid waste produced, the federal government must implement and enforce a new waste disposal method that emphasizes composting food waste.
According to Gale opposing view points, “the cost of collecting, sorting, and proceeding recyclables can, for some materials, be higher than that of creating new raw materials” (Gale). This goes to show that even sometimes, recycling an item such as steel or paper or whatever, can cost more than actually make a new material from scratch, aka raw material. Not only that, but the places where the give mentioned provides a recyclable bin, they cost money also. A different type of trash machine comes to pick it up, more money there. The driver gets paid. The employees at raw recycling factor, which probably don’t do much, also get paid. All these unnecessary funds going to waste while the are people starving in the nation. While there are people around the world who don’t even have safe, clean water to drink; yet the government goes and spends on recycling
Do you know how many tons of garbage filling up landfills everyday? Do you know how many kilograms of daily domestic waste we generate? According to government's figures, there are 13,500 tons of waste landfilling in Hong Kong everyday, in which a third of it is food waste. Each Hong Kong citizen produces 1.36kg domestic waste everyday, which is at least 36% more than Taipei, Seoul and Tokyo. Waste disposal has been a highly controversial topic in recent years. If the trash production rate keeps on increasing, three landfills in Hong Kong will be exhausted one by one in two to six years. Landfill is the only way to dispose waste in Hong Kong. In order to tackle the municipal solid waste(MSW) problem, government decides to build an incinerator in Shek Kwu Chau, with other waste disposal method. The purpose of this project are to reduce the total amount of garbage, increase in the recovery rate of MSW and reduce the total MSW disposed of in landfills.
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
America and Europe are at the top of the list for most waste generated according to Waste (4). This is very visible because there’s litter on every street in the towns and cities, as well in lakes, beaches, and rivers. The book Waste by Rob Bowden states that the amount of waste produced is increasing at a rate faster than population growth. About 1.5 million computers, in the U.K, are thrown away each year and most end up in landfills. There are 3 types of waste which are Municipal Solid Waste, Industrial Waste, and Hazardous waste. MSW includes waste from public garbage cans and local dumpsters. Industrial Waste includes massive amounts of waste water that is contaminated with chemicals. Hazardous waste is the most dangerous as it presents a danger to human health and the environment. Solutions for waste disposal take time because people need to consider their lifestyle and limit the amount of waste they generate. A good start is to recycle items such as paper, cans, plastic, and clothes. This way they don’t end up in landfills, beaches, or streets. Another solution is to join organizations that go around places to recycle, or organizations that demand the reduction in the amount of products that are being
Further, “In 2008, nearly 13 tonnes of waste were generated by Canadian households. Of this, more than 8.5 million tonnes were disposed of in landfills or incine...
As humanity develops new technology, the magnitude and severity of waste increases. When computers were developed, it widely was believed that the need for paper would be eliminated. On the contrary this was widely proven false and we are now utilizing more paper than ever. Canada is not an exception as the typical Canadian generates an average of three pounds of solid waste each day1. This alone shows what a careless species we have become- using and disposing materials without even considering the damage we are causing. With half a trillion tones of waste around the world, only 25% may be reused for a second or third time and less than 5% can be renewed limitlessly1. These facts are true only in developed countries. Since these traditional waste reduction methods have been proven inefficient, we must endorse new innovative technology to arrive at a solution.
Efficient waste managing approaches help with reducing and avoiding unpleasant impact on the environment and human health, while allowing financial development and progress in the quality of people’s life. People do not even imagine what is the size and capacity of their activities and the impact they produce on the environment. Garbage is an important ecological problem. It is seems amazing that approximately all of the citizens of the world identify rubbish as a major environmental problem and yet these people still litter. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), an American produces 250 million tons of garbage per year (para.2). There are different circumstances that are based on the society, environmental conditions, occupation and size of each of the different family. As Richmond (2010) stated, if no administration organizations has the responsibility or resources to concentrate their efforts on the waste disposal, then the responsibility to do that is on ...
The solid wastes are produce not only by households; it’s contributed by hospitals and corporations. Hospitals throw away bandages, use needles and latex gloves, these items hospitals throw away daily all the time because they can’t be reuse for the safety of its patients. Corporations throw away a lot of waste as well such as papers that they use whether in writing or in projects. All of these leftovers after consumptions are waste that is produced by our daily actions.
Recycling is such a fantastic way for us to reuse the waste we once throw. Yet, not everything is easy to be done in this world. There many difficulties that face recycling process economically and socially. Usually In order to recycle, waste paper needs to be sorted and treated from any Impurities. Which means that companies will loss finance because there must be someone or something that could sort or treat these papers. Another problem is that to start recycling, companies needs a lot of good recyclable supply to pick it up; after all, they need good economic benefits (Problems with Recycling, 2014). According to the Waste and Resources Action Program, there are some barriers p...