War of 1812: United States Wages War The American Revolution did not mark the end of tensions and hostilities between Britain and the newly independent United States. Neither country was pleased with the agreements made at the conclusion of the American Revolution. Americans were angry with the British for failing to withdraw their British soldiers from American territory and their unwillingness to sign trade agreements favorable to the United States. The division of land and the loss of the Ohio River Valley left Canada and Britain without access to the valuable fur trade. The Ohio River Valley was full of Amerindians that supported the British during the American Revolution This American resentment grew even more during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15). Britain attempted to blockade the entire continent of Europe. France boycotted all British goods in any French territory; France later ordered their ports to any neutral ships that have visited a British port prior to arriving in a French port. Britain then ordered that all neutral ships must dock at a British port in order to acquire a license before traveling to Europe. Americans considered both countries’ actions a violation of their Neutral Rights; however, Britain had the more powerful navy and, therefore, dominated the seas. This created a deeper feeling of bitterness toward Britain. Neutral Rights violations did not stop with British and French maritime policies. Many sailors in the British Royal Navy had deserted and immigrated to the United States; they served as sailors on American merchant ships. The Neutral Rights clearly states points regarding naval boarding and seizure: • Belligerents have the right to search for war material on neutral shipping during time of war, but cannot deny the right of trade among neutrals. • Belligerent armies are not to enter or engage in hostilities in a neutral nation and are subject to internment if they do so. Rumors of British Royal Navy ships searching, seizing and impressing British and American citizens from merchant ships ran wild throughout the United States. Impressment refers to the forcing of people into military service. In June 1807, all rumors were proved true; an American ship, the Chesapeake, was fired upon by a British vessel, the Leopard, after refusing to stop. This incident occurred well within U.S. territory. In 1810, the Non-Intercourse Act expired and Congress created a law that permitted trade with either France or England, whichever nation first promised to stop harassing American shipping.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the american revolution did not mark the end of tensions and hostilities between britain and the newly independent united states. americans were angry with the british for failing to withdraw their british soldiers from american territory.
- Explains that the division of land and the loss of the ohio river valley left canada and britain without access to the valuable fur trade.
- Analyzes how american resentment grew even more during the french revolutionary wars (1792-1802) and the napoleonic wars (1803-15).
- Explains that the neutral rights violations did not stop with british and french maritime policies. many sailors in the british royal navy had deserted and immigrated to the united states.
- Explains that belligerent armies are not to enter or engage in hostilities in a neutral nation and are subject to internment.
- Explains that the non-intercourse act expired and congress created a law that permitted trade with either france or england, whichever nation first promised to stop harassing american shipping.
- Explains that the war hawks were outraged over the british impressments and the orders in council. they passed laws that increased military spending and financial legislation that prepared the u.s. for war.
- Explains that the war hawks were western and southern lawyers and expansionists who welcomed a war with england. they wanted to end british impressments and legitimize attacks on the indians.
- Explains how america discovered how inadequately prepared they were for war with embarrassing uncoordinated loses after attacking canada.
- Narrates how america's attempts to attack canada were unsuccessful. u.s. forces regained control of detroit when perry’s fleet destroyed the british fleet on lake erie.
- Explains how the british defeated napoleon in 1814 and retreated into canada after defeating a british fleet.
- Explains that new england had been secretly trading with great britain, but had become overtly hostile and in opposition to the war. federalist extremists proposed amending the constitution to abolish the three-fifths clause.
- Explains that england sent troops by ship and met general andrew jackson in new orleans. jackson's forces conflicted between 2,000 and 3,000 casualties, while only sustaining fewer than 80.
- Analyzes how the treaty of ghent removed the first-nation indian state that acted as a barricade between the united states and canada.
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- War of 1812explanatory essayList and discuss the events leading up to the War of 1812 and the impact it had on American and Great Britain relations, and the American economy.
In this essay, the author
- Describes the events leading up to the war of 1812 and the impact it had on american and great britain relations.
- Explains that america's anger began to focus mainly on the british, even though france was also involved.
- Describes how the war hawks were angered by the presence of native americans in the indiana territory.
- Explains that the american military was ill-prepared for war, but on january 8, 1815 hundreds of british troops died in the battle of new orleans, while only a handful of americans lost their lives.
416 wordsRead More - War of 1812explanatory essayWar of 1812 War of 1812, conflict between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815. Fought over the maritime rights of neutrals, it ended inconclusively. Background Over the course of the French revolutionary and the Napoleonic wars between France and Great Britain (1793-1815), both belligerents violated the maritime rights of neutral powers. The United States, endeavoring to market its own produce, was especially affected.
In this essay, the author
- Describes the conflict between the united states and great britain between 1812 and 1815. both belligerents violated the maritime rights of neutral powers.
- Explains that britain issued executive orders in council to blockade the coastlines of the napoleonic empire and then seized vessels bound for europe that did not first call at a british port.
- Explains how the embargo act of 1807 and subsequent enforcement measures in 1808-1809 harmed the u.s. economy and failed to alter belligerent policies. macon's bill no.
- Describes how napoleon announced the repeal of the berlin and milan decrees on the understanding that the united states would also force britain to respect its neutral rights. madison reimposed the ban on trade with britain in november 1810.
- Explains how poor planning, organization, and leadership undermined u.s. forces' strategy to invade canada between detroit and montréal.
- Explains that american forces had improved in quality and leadership by 1814. by late summer the united states faced invasions from combined army and naval forces at lake champlain and in chesapeake bay.
- Explains that britain and the united states agreed to commence peace negotiations in january 1814, but the talks were delayed until july. both nations began negotiations with unrealistic demands.
- Explains that the treaty of ghent failed to secure u.s. maritime rights, but in the century of peace in europe from 1815 until world war i they were not seriously threatened.
1046 wordsRead More - The War of 1812analytical essayOn June 18, 1812, the United States declared war on England. The war lasted 2 years and 8 months and it killed up to 15,000 people. By 24 December, 1814, The Treaty of Ghent was signed and it was ratified by Parliament on 30 December 1814. By February 1815, The Treaty of Ghent was ratified by United States and it ended the war. There were various issues happened before the war and some of them were major causes.
In this essay, the author
- Explains how the british royal navy used impressment against america. the chesapeake-leopard affair was an example.
- Analyzes how the war between france and britain brought the united states to the brink of war. jefferson proposed the embargo act and the congress passed it in december 1807.
- Explains that the british and americans had depended on native american support in the conflict, so they sold weapons to the indians and allied them.
- States collins, james p., "native americans in the antebellum u.s. military." national archives.
- Explains that the united states declared war on england on june 18, 1812, and the treaty of ghent was signed and ratified by parliament on 30 december 1814.
- Explains that the united states wanted to expand their territory, but was obstructed by native indian leaders like tecumseh, who were sided with the british.
- States that horsman, reginald, the causes of the war of 1812. philadelphia: university of pennsylvania, 1962.
1232 wordsRead More - The War of 1812analytical essayThe years Thomas Jefferson and James Madison took office were in many ways difficult for the United States. Several events which compounded upon each other lead to the American-British War of 1812 which ended officially in 1814 with the peace Treaty of Ghent. None of the issues which instigated war were really resolved and it would seem that for the US, the War of 1812 was just a series of failures and few triumphs that, in the end, cost the Natives more than anyone else.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the american-british war of 1812 was a series of failures and few triumphs that cost the natives more than anyone else.
- Analyzes how the french-british war in europe set in motion trade embargoes and blockades in 1807 which severely restricted neutral countries trading with europe.
- Explains how the chesapeake-leopard conflict catalyzed the war of 1812. jefferson, u.s. president, made the embargo act which prevented americans from trading with any ports outside the united states.
- Narrates how the war hawks were infuriated by the neutrality of jefferson and madison. the war of 1812 started with the capture of the cuyahoga packet.
- Explains that the battle of tippecanoe resulted in indian tribes joining forces with the british against the americans.
- Explains that the war battles occupied upper canada and the northern region of the united states. the battle of york proved an immense success with the u.s.
- Explains that the most victorious battle for americans occurred after the war was declared over via the treaty of ghent in belgium on december 24, 1814. general andrew jackson defeated the british attempt at capturing new orleans on january 8, 1815.
- Explains that the war of 1812 gave americans the edge they needed to be respected by other countries that looked upon the infant country with doubt. the only real losers were the eastern native american indians who lost their homeland
1054 wordsRead More - Rights: Procured through Independenceanalytical essay...quity and hardships unimaginable, the colonists knew that their goals were within reach, and through their hard work, they were able to win autonomy. In due course, the Declaration of Independence justified the colonies’ ultimate separation from the British, which culminated in a war between the colonies and Britain. We refer to this war today as the American Revolution, or the colonists’ paramount attempt at becoming independent from British supremacy. Ultimately, we are still lucky that we can retain a fair relationship with Britain and France to this day, because although these wars occurred hundreds of years ago, that does not mean that their effects will simply dissipate. Had these schisms been unified in a more ethical and just fashion, we would not have to worry about any of the American Revolution’s lasting effects, as the war itself would not have occurred.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the british imposed several acts of maltreatment upon the colonists, who had already won their independence. the french and indian war, intolerable acts and boston tea party were leading factors in precipitating the american revolution.
- Explains that the french and indian war was the first major cause of the american revolution.
- Describes how king george iii sent a ship full of taxed tea to the colonies and demanded it be jettisoned into their territory. the colonists robed in american-indian attire and tarred the ship owner.
- Analyzes how the intolerable acts caused the colonists to feel flouted, such as when the port of boston was completely closed off until the dutch east india company accrued enough money to compensate for the tea’s destruction.
- Explains that the declaration of independence justified the colonists' ultimate separation from the british, which culminated in a war between the colonies and britain.
737 wordsRead More - World War Twoanalytical essayBritain, in their eagerness to starve out France, set up a series of blockades along the European coast.(2) These blockades sought to exclude neutral ships from trading with France and her Allies. The very powerful British Royal Navy would search American vessels, most times within sight of land. British deserters provided England with the excuse it needed to search American ships at sea. Desertions were commonplace in the Royal Navy, harsh treatment and punishments were a way of life to British seamen. In comparison, crews on American merchant vessels enjoyed much better treatment, lots of food, good pay and above all, limited punishment. Royal Navy boarding parties arbitrarily selected deserters who, for their crimes were whipped, strung up by the yardarm or keelhauled.(3) As a bonus, the British impressed, kidnapped would be a better word, the most fit and healthy among the American crews into the Royal Navy, and in most cases seized the cargo. Facing well armed British warships, American merchant ships were powerless to resist and were sometimes captured outright. This treatment of American people and vessels at sea would not go unnoticed by the newly formed colonies of the United States. In his speech to congress June 1,1812 President Madison anger at the British Royal Navy and their tactics on the open seas, was very apparent
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the war of 1812 was a war between the united states and great britain, despite the treaty of ghent.
- Compares how the british deserters provided england with the excuse it needed to search american ships at sea.
- Opines that the united states has in vain exhausted remonstrances and expostulations against this crying enormity, which great britain would avenge if committed against herself.
- Analyzes how madison's speech to congress cited violations of territorial waters, the blockade of european trade, and the british influence on indian uprisings in the west.
- Analyzes how congressman richard johnston's speech made clear the american dream of major conquest of north america. felix grundy concurred with him by stating he was willing to accept the canadians as adopted brethren.
- Explains that the war was a serious threat to canada, since only in north america the u.s. could hope to defeat the british.
- Explains that the canadians held a solid edge, despite the presence of the royal navy. the waterways proved to be an important key to communications and mobility.
- Explains that civilian moral was a problem throughout the war. while 'war hawks' cheered the declaration of war, new england and new york condemned it as "madison's war."
- Explains that poorly trained troops were not the major problem for the americans, it was their command. the seven generals commanding the army had seen better days.
- Explains that the american plan of invasion included four invasion forces that would cross the border at about the same time.
- Describes how general william hull, the governor of michigan and hero of the revolution, began marching north with 2000 militiamen and regulars from ohio.
- Explains how brock, an intelligent 27-year-old army veteran, saw that a defensive war with the u.s. was inevitable. brock took the offensive and invaded american territory to give confidence in the canadian people.
- Describes how brock's strategy to capture fort detroit was complete with ruses and tactics that played on fear and terror.
- Analyzes how brock's victory left the british in control of the great lakes allowing him to concentrate on the main frontier at niagara. hull was court-martialed, found guilty of cowardice, and sentenced to face a firing squad.
- Explains how brock's heroics didn't stop at detroit, where he believed the americans were preparing to attack. brock, even in death, inspired his troops to victory at queenston.
- Analyzes how van rensselaer's defeat at queenston was a severe blow to the american war effort.
- Explains that the failure of the u.s. to their objectives of 1812 led to the replacement of dr. eustis by john armstrong.
- Explains that the british were on the defensive in 1813 but did manage to engage the enemy in several separate offensive actions.
- Analyzes how armstrong's replacement, major general james wilkinson, was called in by secretary armstrong to succeed where dearborn had failed.
- Describes how the les voltigeur canadians, under the command of lieutenant colonel charles d'irumberry de salaberry, used unique tactics to defeat hampton.
- Describes how hampton's plan to counteract the voltigeur harassment was to send 1500 men through the swamp and bush to flank the canadians.
- Analyzes how wilkinson and his planned invasion of montreal were met by a brilliant young british officer, col. j. w. morrison, at chrysler's farm on the banks of the st. lawrence river.
- Explains that the american failure to take montreal was a result of disagreements between general wilkinson and his subordinate general hampton.
- Explains that the american dream of a north american republic had failed to secure even the border of canada. britain employed the powerful british royal navy to bring the war to an effective conclusion.
- Explains that the russian leader alexander i offered to mediate between great britain and the united states. the treaty of ghent was signed christmas eve 1814, bringing an end to war in north america.
- Analyzes how the treaty of ghent did not achieve the objectives for which the u.s. had gone to war. inept leadership, poor planning and the failure to unite their country led to the downfall of the americans.
- Explains that the battles on the border were a contest between ill-organized numbers on american side and professional skill on ours. upper canada was saved in the campaign of 1812 because the province was better prepared for war than the united states.
- Opines that the war of 1812 was a victory for canada and promoted national pride and unity for all canadians.
4687 wordsRead More - Owen's Case: The Neirsee Affair Of 1828analytical essayThe Neirsee affair of 1828 revealed that British and French had opposing views on how to handle a situation of immoral circumstances. On one hand British believed that the selling of their citizens was completely unjust while the capturing of the Neirsee had reasoning, so they believed the French were doing this because of the recent defeat the French had suffered in the Napoleonic wars earlier. On the other hand the French believed the British capturing a boat with a French flag was unjust and the whole situation could have been avoided if they had just followed their original agreement, also upsetting to the French was up until 1807 the British had dominated the transatlantic slave trade and had only recently abolished the slave trade and
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the neirsee affair of 1828 revealed that british and french had opposing views on how to handle a situation of immoral circumstances.
- Explains that the british were the world police and patrolling the oceans for illegal slaving ships. france abolished slavery in 1794, but didn't want british being allowed to search their ships for many reasons.
- Analyzes how owen was livid when the british officials told him to abstain from capturing any vessels under a french flag and argued that this was the first time he had heard this.
- Analyzes how french and british officials were humane in their handling of the situation and saw where the other country was coming from.
- Analyzes how the neirsee incident shows how previous relations between the two nations effected the situation at hand.
1156 wordsRead More - The Turtle: The First Submarine for Waranalytical essayDuring the American revolutionary war the British navy was a large part of the oppression of the American people. As a fresh nation we had little to no defense against the greatest navy in the world at the time. Ships in our harbor allowed the brats to limits plies and put large quantities of troops onto our shores very quickly. This was demonstrated after the Boston tea party when the British navy cut the city of Boston off from trade even though the ship that stayed docked was not a naval ship it is still a demonstration of the water sorority of the British people during the revolutionary time.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that submarine technology has advanced through the years from the original military submarine the turtle to the german u boats during wwii modern nuclear power submarines.
- Explains that the british navy was a large part of the oppression of american people during the american revolutionary war.
- Explains how the turtle was designed to be the first submarine used for war purposes. the turtle had 3 impellers, a rudder, and an upright water tank.
- Analyzes how the turtle scaled the british navy and showed them that they were capable, but it couldn't compete. it set the stage for future submarine technologies and techniques.
- Opines that the turtle set the standard for future submarines as well as showing britain that we could function on our own.
526 wordsRead More - War Of 1812 Dbq Outlineexplanatory essayThese included the British interference with American shipping, a naval blockade. This was brought about because Great Britain did not want the United States to provide the French, whom they were at war with, with food and supplies. The British kidnapped American sailors and forced them to work on British ships. This harsh treatment towards the Americans was another reason why the war was caused. Also, many American settlers believed that the British pushed Native Americans to fight settlers. A major causation of the war was that Congressmen leaders demanded war against Britain, they wanted British aid to Native Americans stopped, and they wanted the British out of
In this essay, the author
- Explains the war of 1812, when the united states went up against great britain in a conflict that would result in an enormous impact of the young country's future.
- Explains that the war was fought in various places including the eastern and central north america, the atlantic and pacific oceans.
- Explains that the war of 1812 was caused by an accumulation of various problems, including the british interference with american shipping, a naval blockade, and the kidnapping of american sailors.
- Explains that the americans thought they had a good chance at winning the war, but it wasn't until the hostilities began that it was evident that they were not prepared for war.
- Explains that the british and americans signed a treaty that ended the war of 1812.
516 wordsRead More - War of 1812analytical essayThe War of 1812 The war of 1812, supposedly fought over neutral trading rights, was a very peculiar conflict indeed. Britain's trade restrictions, one of the main causes, were removed two days before the war started; the New Englanders, for whom the war was supposedly fought, opposed it; the most decisive battle, at New Orleans, was fought after the war ended. During the Napoleonic wars, Britain and France had disrupted US shipping, confiscated American goods, taking US seamen into the British navy, and both sides had blockaded each other's ports.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the war of 1812, supposedly fought over neutral trading rights, was a very peculiar conflict. britain's trade restrictions were removed two days before the war started; the new englanders opposed it.
- Analyzes how britain and france disrupted us shipping, confiscated american goods, took us seamen into the british navy, and blocked each other's ports during the napoleonic wars.
- Analyzes how the peace treaty in ghent gave neither side anything they did not have before the war, nor resolved any long-standing disputes over trade or neutral rights.
- Opines that the war of 1812 was unnecessary and dangerous. america suffered humiliation when a feeble and cowardly militia fled, abandoning washington for the british to ransack.
476 wordsRead More