The War of 1812 American frigates won a series of single-ship engagements with British frigates, and American privateers continually hurried British shipping. The captains and crew of the frigates constitution and United States became renowned throughout America. Meanwhile, the British gradually tightened a blockade around America's coasts, ruining American trade, threatening American finances, and exposing the entire coastline to British attack. U.S. forces were not ready for war, and American hopes of conquering Canada collapsed in the campaigns of 1812 and 1813. The initial plan called for a three-pronged offensive: from Lake Champlain to Montreal; across the Niagara frontier: and into Upper Canada from Detroit. The attacks were uncoordinated, however, and all failed. In the West, General William Hull surrendered Detroit to the British in August 1812 and on the Niagara front, American troops lost the Battle of Queenston Heights in October. Also along Lake Champlain, the American forces withdrew in late November without seriously engaging the enemy. There was a standoff at Niagara, and an elaborate attempt to attack Montreal by a combined operation involving one force advancing along Lake Champlain and another sailing down the Saint Lawrence River from Lake Ontario. That operation failed at the end of the year. The only success was in the West. The Americans won control of the Detroit frontier region when Oliver Hazard Perry’s ships destroyed the British fleet on Lake Er...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that american frigates won a series of single-ship engagements and privateers hurried british shipping during the war of 1812. the british blocked american trade, threatened american finances, and exposed the entire coastline to british attack.
- Explains that american hopes of conquering canada collapsed in the campaigns of 1812 and 1813. the attacks were uncoordinated and all failed.
- Explains that the only success was in the west, when the americans won control of the detroit frontier region when oliver hazard perry’s ships destroyed the british fleet on lake eric.
- Explains that the end of the war of 1812 was dependent on what transpired in europe. with napoleon defeated, the british could siphon their forces off to north america.
- Explains that the negotiations that followed napoleon's defeat also needed the presence of british troops. exhausted by the war, the idea of more fighting with the united states soon became unpopular.
- Explains how the war of 1812 influenced andrew jackson's policy of removing indians from their land. the bill for indian removal was passed by 1830 and gave the united states the right to move them.
- Opines that anyone reading the niles register would have been persuaded that the indians were savages and the american militia was victorious in the battles they fought.
- Explains how the expansion west was affected by the 1812 war and the treaty of ghent, which ensured the united states' pre-war boundaries.
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- War of 1812explanatory essayList and discuss the events leading up to the War of 1812 and the impact it had on American and Great Britain relations, and the American economy.
In this essay, the author
- Describes the events leading up to the war of 1812 and the impact it had on american and great britain relations.
- Explains that america's anger began to focus mainly on the british, even though france was also involved.
- Describes how the war hawks were angered by the presence of native americans in the indiana territory.
- Explains that the american military was ill-prepared for war, but on january 8, 1815 hundreds of british troops died in the battle of new orleans, while only a handful of americans lost their lives.
416 wordsRead More - The French And Indian Waranalytical essayThe French and Indian War or the Seven Years War was one of the major events that led to the American Revolution. The French and Indian War started in 1754 when George Washington and General Edward Braddock tried to defend the British land that they felt the French were taking with their expansion into the Ohio River valley. In 1755 Governor William Shirley of Massachusetts had many French settlers in the Nova Scotia region moved from that region to avoid any confrontation if these settlers sided with their home country. These people were exiled from their home and moved into British colonies in a very cruel and violent fashion. This is one of the first examples of Britain’s oppressive nature towards people they consider a threat to what they feel is the best solution. The British military effort, at this time, was not as impassioned or successful. Both George Washington and General Braddock suffered major defeats at the hands of the French and their allies, General Braddock was even killed in one of the early battles before this war was officially started. It was not until later in the war that the British were able to successfully defeat the French. The war officially began in 1756 and ended in 1763 but this war is far less important than the major event it caused. More than anything this war was the first step to the American Revolution.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the french and indian war or the seven years war was one of the major events that led to the american revolution.
- Explains that the french and the british don't like each other. the battle for the ohio river valley was a façade for who would control north america.
- Analyzes how the french and indian war began in 1754 when george washington failed to protect his post. after killing 9 frenchmen and imprisoning 20, they retaliated by taking over the port necessity.
- Explains that william pitt was the true organizer of the british victory in north america. the british were developing an unmatched navy and france was in turmoil.
- Explains that the french signed the treaty of paris in 1763 and gave up their entire claim in canada to the british. they also had to give spain havana in exchange for florida.
1491 wordsRead More - War of 1812analytical essayWar of 1812: United States Wages War The American Revolution did not mark the end of tensions and hostilities between Britain and the newly independent United States. Neither country was pleased with the agreements made at the conclusion of the American Revolution. Americans were angry with the British for failing to withdraw their British soldiers from American territory and their unwillingness to sign trade agreements favorable to the United States.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the american revolution did not mark the end of tensions and hostilities between britain and the newly independent united states. americans were angry with the british for failing to withdraw their british soldiers from american territory.
- Explains that the division of land and the loss of the ohio river valley left canada and britain without access to the valuable fur trade.
- Analyzes how american resentment grew even more during the french revolutionary wars (1792-1802) and the napoleonic wars (1803-15).
- Explains that the neutral rights violations did not stop with british and french maritime policies. many sailors in the british royal navy had deserted and immigrated to the united states.
- Explains that belligerent armies are not to enter or engage in hostilities in a neutral nation and are subject to internment.
- Explains that the non-intercourse act expired and congress created a law that permitted trade with either france or england, whichever nation first promised to stop harassing american shipping.
- Explains that the war hawks were outraged over the british impressments and the orders in council. they passed laws that increased military spending and financial legislation that prepared the u.s. for war.
- Explains that the war hawks were western and southern lawyers and expansionists who welcomed a war with england. they wanted to end british impressments and legitimize attacks on the indians.
- Explains how america discovered how inadequately prepared they were for war with embarrassing uncoordinated loses after attacking canada.
- Narrates how america's attempts to attack canada were unsuccessful. u.s. forces regained control of detroit when perry’s fleet destroyed the british fleet on lake erie.
- Explains how the british defeated napoleon in 1814 and retreated into canada after defeating a british fleet.
- Explains that new england had been secretly trading with great britain, but had become overtly hostile and in opposition to the war. federalist extremists proposed amending the constitution to abolish the three-fifths clause.
- Explains that england sent troops by ship and met general andrew jackson in new orleans. jackson's forces conflicted between 2,000 and 3,000 casualties, while only sustaining fewer than 80.
- Analyzes how the treaty of ghent removed the first-nation indian state that acted as a barricade between the united states and canada.
1289 wordsRead More - General Edward Braddock Research Paperanalytical essayIn 1755, Braddock was dispatched to command the British and colonial forces in North America's first significant battle. With the major aim to capture Fort Duquesne at the forks of the Ohio River Valley, he commanded a force of 1,400 British regulars and 700 colonial militia. After crossing the Monongahela River on July 9, 1755, they were ambushed by 900 French, Canadians, and Native Americans. Braddock refused to allow his men to take cover and arranged them in the British traditional column formation. This allowed the French to easily ambush the British forces because they used the surrounding trees as cover. So, despite the fact that the British outnumbered the French, the French won. In all, the British lost 977 men and the French only lost
In this essay, the author
- Describes general edward braddock as a short, stout, bad-tempered martinet with little experience in action and none of the type of fighting that was in store for him.
- Describes how braddock worked his way up the ranks of the coldstream guards of britain. he served under the prince of orange in holland and became a major general in 1754.
- Describes the braddock expedition as a failed attempt to capture the french fort duquesne.
- Narrates how braddock's defeat at fort oswego sent the british forces into a tailspin from which they did not quickly recover.
- Analyzes how general edward braddock's defeat can be interpreted as a lack of cultural knowledge. his fighting style was suited to the plains of england and europe.
597 wordsRead More - Benedict Arnold Biographyanalytical essayDespite the fact that Carleton's armada pushed the Americans away, Arnold's activity postponed Carleton's assault sufficiently long that when the British general got to New York, the fight season was practically finished, and the British needed to backpedal to Canada. Arnold's lead at the Battle of Lake Champlain spared the Patriot cause from potential
In this essay, the author
- Explains that benedict arnold was born january 14, 1741, in norwich, connecticut. his mother originated from a rich family, but his dad wasted their estate.
- Narrates how arnold became a lucrative merchant when the revolutionary war broke out amongst britain and its 13 american provinces in april 1775.
- Analyzes how arnold's lead at the battle of lake champlain spared the patriot cause from potential debacle.
- Explains arnold's mystery transactions with the british to surrender the american stronghold at west point, new york, re-stimulated the patriots' drooping resolve.
497 wordsRead More - Battle of New Orleansargumentative essayAfter the burning of the White House and the Capitol building in Washington D.C., American forces successfully fought off a major offensive by British forces in Baltimore at Hampstead Hill and Fort McHenry (Hugh, 2012). The British then set their sights on America's access point to the west: New Orleans and the Mississippi River. The British forces planne...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states declared war on great britain in june 1812 for several reasons, including the impressment of u.s. sailors on the high seas for use in the british navy.
- Explains how the british fought off a major offensive by british forces in baltimore at hampstead hill and fort mchenry.
- Describes how the british took a plantation as their base of operations, but the owner was able to escape, riding to new orleans to provide early warning to general jackson.
- Describes how the british were ready to overrun the american position but were unable to damage the heavily fortified american cannon positions. general pakenham ordered a withdrawal back to the plantation.
- Describes how the british were poised to make their final assault on the american line on january 8th.
- Opines that the lessons of the past should be learned, understood, and implemented into current doctrine.
- Analyzes how andrew jackson defends new orleans in war of 1812.
- Compares the casualties of the battle of new orleans to that of general jackson's forces.
- Cites king, d. c. (2002). new orleans: one of the most brilliant victories.
1691 wordsRead More - The Importance of Fort McHenry to Americaanalytical essayAs a country, the United States felt that the War of 1812 was under control and that they were well prepared for any battle any army could throw at them. After the United States won an important battle on Lake Erie in 1813, the American commander, Oliver Hazard Perry, sent the message "We have met the enemy and they are ours." As a new country, America, having just defeated the greatest military strength on the earth, was perhaps overconfident. However, once Great Britain turned all of its attention to defeating the United States, America realized that the fate of her country relied on Baltimore, and Baltimore relied on the protection of Fort McHenry. If Fort McHenry was taken over by the British, the Nation would have been split into two. The fate of the United States rested, to a large extent, on the success or failure of the central prong attack which was being protected by Fort McHenry. If Baltimore had not had Fort McHenry for protection, the city would have been an easy target and our nation would have perished because Baltimore would have lacked the proper protection it needed to prevail.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the united states felt that the war of 1812 was under control and was well prepared for any battle any army could throw at them.
- Explains that whetstone point was of strategic value to the united states because of its location. it was close enough to protect baltimore without putting it in danger.
- Explains that baltimore was a pivotal point in america during the war of 1812, because it was the largest seaport south of new york.
- Explains that the secretary of war, james mchenry, showed great interest in the building of fort mcchenry and helped rivardi financially because the government was not giving them a lot of money to build it.
- Explains that the united states felt very secure until great britain forced napoleon, in russia, to abdicate, and launched a three-pronged attack against the us.
- Describes how the british took washington d.c. and then moved up chesapeake bay to baltimore. on september 12, they arrived and found about 1000 men in fort mchenry, whose guns controlled the harbor.
- Narrates how the star spangled banner was written by a lawyer named francis scott key and his friend william beanes, who had been arrested in maryland, to help negotiate his release with the british.
- Narrates how key wrote a poem telling the events of that night, called "the defense of fort m'henry" and put it to music using an old english tune. it became america's first national anthem in 1931.
- Explains that fort mchenry is a great fort with strong military advantage. it helped protect baltimore and save america.
913 wordsRead More - American Revolution: The Siege of Charlestonanalytical essayThe American Revolution: the war for our independence. This revolution opened the door to our liberty, freedom, and basically what America is now. Most Americans have heard the stories of famous battles, important people (George Washington for instance), and everything in between. However, this was only for our side of the American Revolution and a small fraction of people have been told of Britain’s campaign of the revolution. The only thing people have been told was the Britain lost the war. What of Britain’s triumphs, strategies, and everything that happened in the span of a few years? Not many people know it, but the British struck a major blow against the Patriots in the last few years of the war. Even though the United States won the American Revolution, Britain struck a major blow against the colonists when the British successfully and brutally took the town of Charleston, South Carolina.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the shmoop editorial team's "charleston (feb 11 - feb 12 1780) in the american revolution."
- Analyzes the post and courier's "the american revolution in south carolina - the siege of charleston."
- Analyzes alastar packer's "siege of charleston in the revolutionary war."
- Explains how the american revolution opened the door to freedom and what america is now.
1319 wordsRead More - The Battle of Saratogaanalytical essayDuring 1776 the British came up with a strategic plan that would cut off New England from the rest of America. The plan included moving a large force from Montreal South as the main effort moving along the Champlain valley and the Hudson River to Albany while a second smaller column advanced east from Lake as a supporting effort. “Burg...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the battle of saratoga was fought during the american revolutionary war and became a decisive win for the americans.
- Explains that the freeman's farm engagement occurred on september 19, 1777, with both sides declaring a victory. the bemis heights engagement was initiated by ltg burgoyne, who concluded that reinforcements by sir william howe were never going to happen.
- Describes how the british cut off new england from the rest of america with a strategic plan in 1776.
- Opines that sir william howe should have had oversight of the isolation of new england. however, he was focused only on the capture of philadelphia and never coordinated his efforts with burgoyne.
- Explains that terrain played a significant role during the two battles. the british were used to marching and traveling along roads and open fields, unlike the american colonists who were mostly farmers and have always coped with the wilderness.
- Analyzes how weather played a major role in the british's poor road conditions at the end of the second battle.
- Compares the american army with the british, stating that it was young and developing into a profession military force.
- Describes the three wings of major general horatio gates' army, which included infantry, artillery, and light horse calvary.
- Describes the estimated 12,000 men, including 11,200 infantry, 400 artillerymen, and 250 light horse calvary.
- Explains that the british were well-trained, organized, disciplined, and considered the finest army in the world.
- Describes how the advance was led by ltg john burgoyne with forces organized into three wings.
- Explains that 2,100 men engaged in the second advance that was a recon by force (1,500 regulars & 600 auxiliaries).
- Describes how mg gates, with the aid of a polish engineer named col. tadeusz kosciuszko, use an effective outpost system that provides him with intelligence on the movements and actions of the british forces.
- Explains that actionburgoyne lacked reliable intelligence and organized a reconnaissance in force taking the offensive with the southward march of three columns.
- Analyzes how burgoyne reinforces positions in the field he has gained. the british logistics are now severed from the north and rations critically low, while the american’s are adding many more fresh militiamen to their forces.
- Explains that the british began the second battle similar to the first with three columns advancing on the american positions.
- Analyzes how burgoyne's army laid down their weapons and officially surrendered to mg gates on october 17, 1777. the treaty of paris in 1783 ended the war giving the us their freedom.
1913 wordsRead More - John Howard Research Paperexplanatory essayA few days ago, we were told that we would be overtaking Fort Duquesne. We set off on our march to Fort Duquesne with high hopes of victory. After a few days we were alerted of our approach on Fort Duquesne. Everybody’s hopes seemed high until the first gunshot.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that being part of the british army is a fulfilling duty any ordinary man can hope to accomplish. howard, being an american, was not favored by his superiors.
- Describes how they set off on their march to fort duquesne with high hopes of victory. after a few days, everyone's hopes seemed high until the first gunshot.
- Describes how their best friend, who was in the british army, lay on the ground motionless with blood all over his chest. they were ordered by general braddock to stay in formation.
- Opines that their defeat at fort duquesne has dissolved all of their desires to become a general or even be with the british army.
- Explains that after the battle at fort duquesne, their dreams of becoming a general reawakened and they decided that it was time for them to go back.
- Narrates how they were told they would force quebec into surrender and overtake the city. they kept thinking of their impending victory but couldn't get the battle at fort duquesne off their mind.
- Recounts how they were on the opposite side of the lake from quebec. they could not attack the city directly because it was located on a high cliff.
- Recounts how they vowed to never again wish to become a general and left the british army for good after seeing two generals die.
720 wordsRead More