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Propaganda in the 20th century war
Impact of propaganda in ww2
How was propaganda used during both world wars
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War and Propaganda: A Look at How the Two Have Been Inseparable Though Time
There have been many wars that the Unites States has been a part of. Some were fought on American soil, others fought abroad. But through it all, there has always been a need for the public’s support. And what better way to get that support than by putting information out there for the public. Now of course this is biased information that it put forth in front of the general public; just enough to get people caring and thinking about the war, but not enough to keep them fully educated on the subject. Once people start knowing too much and researching, it becomes something that they either feel has too much support, or they take stands that the government does not want. The different media that is out there is geared towards the general public knowing the truth. But I pose the question that “what is the truth?” especially back in the old days? Who, but those who put the information out, knew what was really going on when it came to wars and the enemies? This is why I thought it might be interesting to look at the way the citizens were swayed towards believing certain things during the war. Why was there such a scare about the Japanese being in the United States during WWII? The propaganda that was out at the time was highly against the Japanese, even the Japanese Americans, calling them the enemy. While it is sad to know that these sentiments are true, it is important to remember the past and to learn from it.
History of Propaganda
Propaganda has been a human activity as far back as reliable recorded evidence exists. The writings of Romans like Livy are considered masterpieces of pro-Roman statist propaganda. The term itself originates with the Roman Catholic Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, the department of the pontifical administration charged with the spread of Catholicism and with the regulation of ecclesiastical affairs in non-Catholic countries (mission territory). The actual Latin stem propagand- conveys a sense of "that which ought to be spread".
Propaganda techniques were first codified and applied in a scientific manner by journalist Walter Lippman and psychologist Edward Bernays (nephew of Sigmund Freud) early in the 20th century. During World War I, Lippman and Bernays were hired by the United States president Woodrow Wilson to sway popular opinion to enter the war on the side of Britain.
Susan Brewer brilliantly illustrates the historical facts of American government propagating violence. Scrutinizing the Philippine War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Iraq War the reader discovers an eerily Orwellian government manipulating her citizens instead of educating them. Brewer states, a "propaganda campaign seeks to disguise a paradoxical message: war is not a time for citizens to have an informed debate and make up their own minds even as they fight in the name of freedom to do just that." pg. 7 The Presidents of the United States and their administrations use propaganda, generation, after generation to enter into foreign wars for profit by manipulating the truth, which it is unnecessary for our government to do to her people.
“A Wall of Fire Rising,” by Edwidge Danticat is a story of dreamers. In this story are three characters, Lili, Little guy, and guy. This small family lives in a run-down town where work is hard to come by, leading to their poor life style. Lili is a hard worker, always doing what it takes to make sure there is food on the table. Her only hope is that her son will have a better life than the one they are currently living. Little Guy is like many young children; he loves his mother and father and is oblivious to his family’s circumstances. He is a hard worker and wants to succeed in school. Guy, a father who is struggling to create a life for his family, is also trying to find a meaning for his life. After a series of events in the story, Guy comes to the decision to commit suicide. Following his death are the reactions from his family, and ultimately, the end of the story. In “A Wall of Fire Rising,” we learn that man’s ability to dream, often takes an important role in their realities. We see this demonstrated by the thoughts, and actions of Lili, Little Guy, and Guy.
Words and images were silent weapons used by all governments involved during World War II. Wars are generally fought between soldiers, but the different ideologies often meet on the battlefield as well. The support of the people is crucial during these times since general knowledge of strength relies on numbers. Propaganda targets people’s emotions and feelings and changes people’s perception about a particular idea, people, or situation. Propaganda goes hand in hand with the art of persuasion and convincing; these tools can control and manipulate the collective minds of a massive amount of its audience.
Fuller, J.F.C. "Propaganda and War. The New Technique of Mendacity as a Psychological Weapon." Ordnance, Dec
The style in which characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby conduct their relationships shows how ambition and lack of it causes destruction.
School start times have been receiving attention across the nation since the mid-1990s (Editorial). Many school districts have considered the benefits of later start times, others have already made the leap of starting classes later in the day, while others are still reluctant to change schedules, questioning if there is any noticeable difference in academic achievement to be seen. However, almost all the school districts that have made changes thus far have reported benefits not only in student performance and achievement, but also in overall student attitude (Gormly). The reason for this is linked to teenagers’ circadian rhythm: the “biological rhythm that governs our sleep-wake cycles” (Carrell 4). In order for students to achieve academic success, schools should push back start times to better accommodate teenagers’ circadian rhythm.
It is reported that 2/3 of students get less than seven hours of sleep, which is more than an hour under the minimal suggested sleep time (Mckibben, Sarah G. "Wake Up Calls (Fast Facts)." Start School Later. School Start Later, 2012. Web. 28 Mar. 2015). Without the proper sleep, students will be falling asleep in class. One third of students fall asleep during school from lack of concentrated sleep. “The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that middle and high schools start class no earlier than 8:30 a.m. to allow students to get healthy sleep” (Mckibben, Sarah G. "Wake Up Calls (Fast Facts)." Start School Later. School Start Later, 2012. Web. 28 Mar. 2015). With only fifteen percent of all public high schools starting after 8:30 a.m. that means that 85 percent of teens are not getting the standard amount of healthy sleep. Studies show that sleep deprived students are more likely to be involved in violent crimes than those who get a good night’s sleep. By simply pushing school start times back a half an hour or so, it would greatly benefit both the students and the society surrounding the individuals because of reduced crime
Some people say that school times should not start later in the morning because there would be less time to complete other activities that they enjoy doing. One source says, “Starting school later means dismissing school later, which leaves fewer daylight hours for after-school activities” (O’Neill 21). This indicates that some believe that starting school later would be an unbeneficial sacrifice to take, just because they do not want to miss out on their favored extra-curricular activities. Another incorrect reason why people are convinced that schools should not begin later is because school districts would have to pay for more bus drivers, and they do not want to have to pay for these unnecessary expenses. O’Neill writes, “Later start times would mean some districts’ might have to invest in additional buses and drivers, which can be expensive” (O’Neill 21). This demonstrates that many school districts would rather keep the same start times for school than have to pay more for bus drivers. One final reason why people falsely believe that schools should not start later in the morning is because it helps teens learn life skills that they can put into use later in their existence. An excerpt from an article reads, “Being on time, managing a busy schedule, and getting enough sleep are important skills teens will need when they enter the workforce” (O’Neill 21). This quote reassures the fact that some people believe that learning important life skills is more relevant than getting enough sleep, even though a lack of sleep can cause teens to get unnecessary illnesses. Despite the fact that some people say that keeping school start times early in the morning is more advantageous than pushing the start times later, they are erroneous for numerous
Boergers, who is also co-director of the Pediatric Sleep Disorders Clinic at Hasbro Children’s Hospital, said these finding have important implications for public policy. “The result of the study add to a growing body of research demonstrating important health benefits of later school start times for adolescents,” she said. “If we more closely align school schedules with adolescents circadian rhythms and sleep needs, we will have students who are more happier, alert, and better prepared to learn.”
In the schools that have pushed back starting times, studies show that there is less tardiness, higher grade point averages in the morning classes, and less car crashes involving teens. Students that attend these later start schools come more awake, attentive and prepared for the day.
The times that our schools start have recently come under fire due to new opinions on teenage sleep standards. Researchers all over the country have produced new evidence linked to an optimal sleeping pattern. Sleep, in many ways, affects our personal health and because of such, many people are devoted to keeping their children healthy. Schools should start later because it allows for optimal sleep time, matches natural teenage sleep patterns, and shows correlation to information retention.
The later start can be a benefit because many students and staff are not able to function properly early in the morning according to Mary Carskadon of Brown University” teenagers need about nine hours a night to maintain full alertness and academic performance”, she also states that teachers see how students doze off and don’t concentrate on the lessons because all the they think about is sleep. One of a couple high schools that starts class late is Manchester Gate, this school starts at 9:00 a.m. according to their schedule online at frensou.org/Manchester and they are released at 3:05 which isn’t much different from Mclane high school because in our schedule it states that we start at 8:00 a.m. and are released at 2:50 p.m. which is hardly a difference from 3:05 p.m it shouldn’t be much of an inconvenience to the students because most sports and extra-curricular activities are later on after school such as 4:00 p.m. Having this later start would be a great advance in this generation they could make better discoveries new and better inventions this later school start can lead to many new things that will benefit the
Other recent research supports this idea. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommend for schools to begin at 8:30 AM or even later. In addition, a report from the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) and the U.S Department of Education suggest that a later bell would avoid bad academic performances and health risks, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, smoking and illegal drug use (Viadero, High Schools Should Start Later, Report Says). The authors argue that modifying school start times are crucial to prevent health risks. Clearly, a change in school start times would benefit the student’s and the school. Students who are sleep deprived can't learn at their best, but with a later start time students can focus more. Most students in high school get seven hours of sleep or less, but the recommended amount of hours is at least 8. Schools should push for more hours of sleep because the more sleep students get more ready they are to learn. If school start times were to be pushed out, it would help a student’s well being and the
Don't you hate waking up early for school in the morning? Most high school students wake up before the sun rises just to become ready for school. Teenage brains do not begin to function that early considering many are tired from staying up late the previous night. The National Sleep Foundation reported that most teens do not retain enough shuteye, one study found that only 15% reported sleeping eight 1/2 hours on school nights. That fact was extremely true for me when I attended high school. I barely was able to wake up, get dressed, and be in school on time since I was so tired. In my opinion school days should start later, precisely in between 9- 10 o'clock. If the school day started later attendance would improve, students will be more prepared, and student's attitudes and grades may improve.
Wahlstrom, Kyla L.; Davison, Mark L.; Choi, Jiyoung; & Ross, Jesse N. (2001). School start time study: Executive summary. 2001. Web. 14 Apr. 2012.