Waiting for Godot is Not an Absurdist Play
analytical Essay
1863 words
Waiting for Godot is Not an Absurdist Play
Samuel Beckett's stage plays are gray both in color and in subject matter. Likewise, the answer to the question of whether or not Beckett's work is Absurdist also belongs to that realm of gray in which Beckett often works. The Absurdist label becomes problematic when applied to Beckett because his dramatic works tend to overflow the boundaries which scholars attempt to assign. When discussing Beckett, the critic inevitably becomes entangled in contradiction. The playwright's own denial "that there is a philosophical system behind the plays" and his explicit refusal "to reduce them to codified interpretations" suggests, one could argue, that to search for such systems or interpretations in Beckett's work is, at best, a fruitless endeavor (Beckett quoted. in McMillan 13). Let me suggest, however, that Beckett's own statements and criticisms not be taken as a deterrent to the study of his work. His objections threaten only those interpretations which "reduce" his work. The challenge for the critic, then, is to evaluate and analyze Beckett in such a way that his works are not reduced but enhanced.
The problem with designating Beckett's work as Absurdist is, precisely, that this interpretation reduces his work. When a critic describes a work as "Absurd," she does not simply mean that the work is "outrageous" or "nonsensical" or merely silly. Coined by American critic Martin Esslin, the term "theater of the Absurd" can be defined as a kind of drama that presents a view of the absurdity of the human condition by the abandoning of usual or rational devices and by the use of nonrealistic form....Conceived in perplexity and spiritual anguish, the theater of the absurd portrays not a series of connected incidents telling a story but a pattern of images presenting people as bewildered beings in an incomprehensible universe. (Holman 2)
In the introduction to The Theatre of the Absurd, Martin Esslin provides a comprehensive explanation of "Absurdist" theater. He quotes Albert Camus' jThe Myth of Sisyphus:
A world that can be explained by reasoning, however faulty, is a familiar world. But in a universe that
is suddenly deprived of illusions and of light, man feels a stranger. His is an irremediable exile,
because he is deprived of memories of a lost homeland as much as he lacks the hope of a promised
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how beckett's waiting for godot exemplifies the double nature of his work because it portrays the human.
- Analyzes how estragon is primarily concerned with putting on his boots in this scene, but vladimir carries on a similar scene.
- Analyzes the dual nature of godot from pozzo, whose lines provoke a questioning and exploring of the meaning of life while simultaneously employing an absurdist form.
- Analyzes how beckett's waiting for godot exemplifies the double nature of his work because it portrays the human.
- Analyzes how estragon is primarily concerned with putting on his boots in this scene, but vladimir carries on a similar scene.
- Analyzes the dual nature of godot from pozzo, whose lines provoke a questioning and exploring of the meaning of life while simultaneously employing an absurdist form.
- Analyzes how inspiration leaves him just when we least expect it. silence. gloomily.
- Opines that yes, it was there. do you not remember? we nearly hanged ourselves
- Argues that the absurdist label is problematic when applied to beckett because his dramatic works tend to overflow the boundaries which scholars attempt to assign.
- Analyzes how esslin categorizes beckett with adamov, ionesco, and genet, who are writers belonging to the "theatre of the absurd."
- Analyzes how esslin seems to undervalue the strong plot evident in beckett. godot has not renounced the argument, at least in one sense.
- Opines that all their life they've tried to put it from them, saying, vladimir, be reasonable, you.
- Opines that the existentialist deliberations of characters cannot be neglected in favor of the absurdist forms in the play-though such forms do abound.
- Analyzes how the repetition implied by the word "again" echoes the senselessness of existence in godot.
- Analyzes how beckett has not renounced arguing about the absurdity of the human condition. pozzo's short treatise on the coming of night is replete with gestures which have no correlation with the words he is speaking.
- Analyzes how beckett playsfully leads the audience towards the very meaning the play denies.
- Analyzes how the amnesia of didi and gogo typifies how form and argument may complement each other.
- Analyzes how the characters' amnesia repeats the existential theme reiterated in the half-told stories from the bible and the unfinished rituals.
- Explains that the audience must have act ii in order to perceive this self-performance.
- Explains that godot is the quintessence of harmony between absurd form and existential argument.
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- Explains that beckett read various philosophical treatises and was interested in descartes, schopenhauer, and geulincx. these thinkers influenced and formed his view of the world and his literary writings.
- Explains that beckett's major and the only theme appearing and recurring in all his works, is exclusively the theme of man. he is interested in man as an individual, in his subjective attitude to the world and in confrontation of individual subject with the objective reality.
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- Analyzes how hamm and clov are closed in a small room separated from the external reality by the walls.
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- Analyzes how estragon and vladimir are indifferent to the world around them, and their time passes in a very different way.
- Opines that it's evening. vladimir and estragon scrutinise the sunset.
- Analyzes how a similar symbol illustrates the situation of winnie, who is anchored up to her waist, later upto her neck in the ground.
- Describes winnie's experiences when she was not yet caught and had her legs, and could seek out a shady place, like you, when i was tired of the sun.
- Compares krapp's situation to hamm and clov. he is sealed off in his room, surrounded by his voice and memories.
- Analyzes how the limitation and isolation of man from the world, having its roots in descartes' dualism, is the foundation of the sisyphusean feeling of absurdity as it is described by camus.
- Analyzes how beckett gives this voided world an image of inanimate country with the horizon of the dead sea. its alienation, strangeness, and remoteness is exaggerated by hamm's blindness and inability to move.
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- Opines that the sun should be sinking. then what is it?
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- Analyzes how clov and hamm are suffering, persisting in their existence. they long for an end, but cannot kill themselves, being driven by their nature - the will to life.
- Analyzes how hamm's parents, nell and negg, can never die, although they are half-existing fragments of human beings buried in their ashbins. their suffering is their desire to die.
- Analyzes how winnie does not die, although she is not given anything which would keep her living on. death climbs from her waist up to her neck, but never close enough to kill her.
- Narrates how winnie can't do no more, but he must say more. a zephyr, a breath, or the eternal dark.
- Analyzes how winnie's strangest characteristics are her 'happiness', her existence does not seem a torture for her. she behaves and feels as though it was all natural and very understandable.
- Analyzes how the woman's suffering is a clash of body and mind, the will propelling her to life through never-ending desires and needs.
- Analyzes how krapp's memories are vivid and explicitly present through his voice. his real existence is not in his past, but only his presence.
- Narrates krapp's thoughts on the stupid bastard he took himself for thirty years ago, hardly believe i was ever as bad as that.
- Analyzes how krupp is illuminated by his past and realizes that all plans for happiness are useless, absurd, and completely unattainable.
- Opines that their best years are gone, but they wouldn't want them back.
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- Opines that vladimir wouldn't trust a bough.
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- Opines that godot represents non-existing happiness, fulfilment, satisfaction, and their waiting has no motive, as the will has not.
- Explains schopenhauer's concept of the basic human situation in the world. all his life man is waiting for something which cannot bring any definite satisfaction to him.
- Analyzes how schopenhauer, camus, and beckett deny suicide as solution to a distressful human world. suicide destroys the body but never the will itself.
- Analyzes how beckett's characters are persistent between life and death, driven by a schopenhauerean will to life, though physically they are dying. their existence is absurd through the conflict of body and mind.
- Analyzes how samuel beckett's plays are marked by his vision of the world into which his characters are placed. he deals with the position and the situation of man in his surrounding world.
- Analyzes how beckett's hero is a sisyphusean type of man waiting for the fulfilment of his fate, which seems to be eternal through his suffering and hoping. the conflict between the world and the human subject leads to the feelings of absurdity and fundamental existential questions about the meaning of human life.
- Analyzes how beckett's characters are creatures grounded in absurdity; there is no meaning in their being and their lives involve mere waiting for the end, for death.
- Analyzes how beckett's characters' tragedy consists in their empty waiting, which becomes a long period of suffering, and the power of life which keeps them breathing and going on, although they are very close to their aim, the end.
- Analyzes the greatness of beckett's absurd man in his intractability with which he continually fills up his precarious fate and does not live without hope and joy in life.
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- Analyzes how stanley weintranb, gen. ed., british dramatists since world war ii: dictionary of literary biography, vol. 13, part 1: a-l, 18.5. israel shenker, interview with samuel beckett, the new york times, 1956.
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- Analyzes how osborn's motivation to write "look back in anger" was to breathe hope for laughter or fall in love. alison and helena seem to understand his desperate plea, but heir loyalty to conventions prevents them from responding to his desired human energy.
- Analyzes how osborn's portrayal of a rebel hero, jimmy porter, is not limited to historical contexts. he is indifferent, solitary, in self-inflicted exile from the world.
1608 wordsRead More - Characterization of Dmitry Dmitrich Gurovanalytical essayChekhov is the true precursor of the theater of the absurd. Before the beckettian "waiting" there was the continuous "waiting" of the three sisters who never live for Moscow. Chekhov developed an aesthetic principle, according to which tragic and comic are not separated by an impassable wall but represent two sides of the same phenomenon of life, which can be viewed both in terms of tragedy and in terms of comedy.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how gurov is a confident man, aware of himself and bored with all that yalta could bring to him. he hides his unhappy life in some of his beliefs.
- Explains that chekhov is part of a non-typical category of artists, because he did not believe in his genius, on the contrary, there are evidence that his work will not conquer time and posterity.
- Analyzes how gurov embodies the power of change that true love can have even on the most cynical characters.
- Analyzes how gurov is a confident man, aware of himself and bored with all that yalta could bring to him. he hides his unhappy life in some of his beliefs.
- Explains that chekhov is part of a non-typical category of artists, because he did not believe in his genius, on the contrary, there are evidence that his work will not conquer time and posterity.
- Analyzes how gurov embodies the power of change that true love can have even on the most cynical characters.
- Analyzes how chekhov's "lady with the pet dog" is a short story written in 1899, when he spent most of the time in his house in yalta.
- Analyzes how the first tow sections of the short story are dominated by beauty and a sense of flying free on the wings of new love.
- Analyzes how chekhov extracts from everyday life moments of celebration, of initiative, and of tension. fine attitudes, seemingly insignificant, stimulate a complex histrionic and almost imperceptible state.
- Cites benedetti, jean, the love letters of olga knipper and anton chekhov, methuen publishing ltd, 1998, and pavlovich's the lady with the dog and other short stories.
1253 wordsRead More - Miscellaneous Critics on Waiting for Godotanalytical essay“Accordingly, any interpretation that purports to know who Godot is (or is not), whether he exists whether he will ever come, whether he has ever come, or even whether he may have come without being recognized (or possibly in disguise) is, if not demonstrably wrong, at least not demonstrably right” (Hutchings 27).
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how gogo and didi engage in mental and physical exercises to pass interminable time.
- Analyzes the epistemological principle of uncertainty and the inability to find a coherent system of meaning, order, or purpose in the modern age. tragicomedy is life enhancing because it tries to remind the audience of the real need to face existence
- Analyzes how beckett's play, less than nothing, suggests regression beyond nothing. the two tramps are on a stage with no part to play.
- Analyzes how gogo and didi engage in mental and physical exercises to pass interminable time.
- Analyzes the epistemological principle of uncertainty and the inability to find a coherent system of meaning, order, or purpose in the modern age. tragicomedy is life enhancing because it tries to remind the audience of the real need to face existence
- Analyzes how beckett's play, less than nothing, suggests regression beyond nothing. the two tramps are on a stage with no part to play.
- Analyzes how bert o. states applies to beckett's work the words roland bartes uses to describe kafka’s works: success in art is paid for by insignificance.
- Analyzes how the characters talk to each other but fail to communicate. language is a form of reassurance, but not real connection occurs. repeated phrases, lines, and words signify the senseless repetition and relentless flow of time inherent to human existence.
- Explains that beckett's audience knew the bible much better than do modern audiences. biblical allusions create humor by rapid shifts from divine to secular.
- Analyzes how the biblical allusions introduce the play's central theme: life is full of hellish suffering; the cynical humor is based on seeing the christian "good news" of salvation as "bad news."
- Analyzes the repetition of skull in lucky's monologue. golgotha is the location where christ and 2 thieves died. godot beats only his brother.
- Analyzes how lucky taught pozzo all the higher values of life, including beauty, grace, truth. estragon and vladimir are superior to lucky because they have companionship, compassion, faith, and hope.
- Cites cohn, ruby, collins, michael j., gilman, richard, hutchings, william, and morrison, kristin.
1859 wordsRead More - Marxism and Existential Nihilism: An Analysis of Political Intention in Samuel Beckett’s Endgameanalytical essay...ession, Hamm and Clov act the class roles of bourgeoisie and proletariat though it defies meaningful progress. Through this Beckett implies that the political systems we create are nothing more than an attempt to stave of the nothingness that really exists. More of the play could be analyzed regarding the delusion of Marxism, especially with regards to the characters of Nagg and Nell. Further study might include also the consideration of the authors time period and how historicism is tied into the meaning of the play.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how beckett's endgame is a complex analysis of politics in an empty world. as hamm and clov inhabit the aftermath of marxism, they display characteristics of the bourgeoisie and proletariat but only retain them so they can define themselves as something.
- Analyzes how the setting of endgame suggests that it occurs in end of a marxist cycle, where it will not begin again.
- Analyzes how hamm's controlling and aggressive behaviors imply that he is a symbol of the bourgeoisie.
- Analyzes how beckett's endgame is a complex analysis of politics in an empty world. as hamm and clov inhabit the aftermath of marxism, they display characteristics of the bourgeoisie and proletariat but only retain them so they can define themselves as something.
- Analyzes how the setting of endgame suggests that it occurs in end of a marxist cycle, where it will not begin again.
- Analyzes how hamm's controlling and aggressive behaviors imply that he is a symbol of the bourgeoisie.
- Analyzes how hamm represents the bourgeoisie, but clov symbolizes the opposite in the dialectical class struggle.
- Analyzes how beckett's ideological message of existential nihilism emerges at the end of the play.
- Analyzes how beckett implies that the political systems we create are nothing more than an attempt to stave of the nothingness that really exists.
1271 wordsRead More