Voting Requirements in the Economic Arena
Status as an adult citizen in a political jurisdiction is seen as a sufficient condition to entitle one to a vote for a representative or participate in collective decision-making. Why not apply that same criterion and entitle adult citizens to voting rights to decide the composition of corporate boards of directors and decide other corporate matters? If mere adult status and citizenship is sufficient for decision-making in the political arena, why not in the economic arena as well?
The easy answer/question is: why should anyone who has no stake or interest in a corporation have a say in its decision-making? The only people who should have voting rights are stockholders who have ownership rights in the corporation manifested by stock ownership. We generally agree that voting power should be proportional to their stake in the corporation, namely how many shares they own.
If votes were not proportionate to one's stake (stock) in the corporation, including none at all, people might easily vote in ways that personally benefit them but harm the best interests of the corporation and other stockholders. For example, imagine if all Detroit citizens were entitled to vote on decisions made by General Motors. Suppose these voters managed to get on the ballot the question whether the corporation should give all of its profits to local charitable organizations or be plowed back into the corporation as retained earnings. It is not at all inconceivable that donating General Motors' profits to local charities might win by a landslide. People who have little or no stake in General Motors can be expected to behave differently than those who do, simply because their decisions are less costly to them - others bear the cost of their decisions.
The identical cost/benefit assessment applies to decision-making in the political arena. Suppose a politician campaigned on the promise to increase spending on various social programs that would be funded with higher taxes. People who pay little or no taxes would see themselves as coming out ahead by voting for that politician. They would bear little or none of the costs, at least directly in the form of taxes, and they would benefit from the promised social spending increase. As such they could be counted upon to support such a politician. Survey polls showed a less-than-enthusiastic response to President George Bush's calls for tax cuts. Maybe a good part of the reason is the fact that so many Americans pay little or no income taxes.
One statement in the beginning of the book was especially poignant to any one who studies Indian culture, It is easy for us to feel a vicarious rage, a misery on behalf of these people, but Indians, dead and alive would only receive such feelings with pity or contempt; it is too easy to feel sympathy for a people who culture was wrecked..
For as long as long as history has been recorded there has been interest in how the universe came to be. The science community seems to agree that the big bang was what created the universe, but there are many conflicting arguments surrounding what existed before the big bang and what initiated it. While there are nearly infinite responses to this question, there are only two paths one can take when answering it; either something existed prior to the big bang or the entire universe came from nothing. Lawrence M. Krauss, acclaimed physicist and cosmologist, uses his understanding of science in his book, A Universe from Nothing: Why There is Something Rather than Nothing, to elucidate that it is logical for something to come from nothing. Krauss recognizes that much of the world attributes the creation to God and quotes Steven Weinberg in saying that “science does not make it impossible to believe in God, but rather makes it possible to believe in God” (183). Using the big bang theory, the discovery of both dark matter and energy, and the idea that many features of the universe do come from nothing Krauss makes a convincing argument that the universe did indeed come about with no preexistence.
Blaise, Clark, and Bharati Mukherjee. The Sorrow and the Terror: The Haunting Legacy of the
The U.S. economy is a hybrid composed of both capitalist and socialist principles. Because of this, the economy is best described as being a managed economy. A managed economy is a non-market economy in which the government has influence over price determination and the distribution of goods and services. Due to the large federal presence in business, corporations often lobby for politicians whose agenda aligns with their profit margins. In this pursuit of political backing, a phenomenon emerges called corporate personhood. Corporate personhood is the idea that human rights, as outlined in the Bill of Rights, are extended to corporations. These rights include the right to contribute to political campaigns, to exempt themselves from certain
Noted theatre producer Sudhir Bhat, who died of a heart attack late last night in Hinduja hospital, was a man with a mission. His mission was to produce commercially successful Marathi plays and show case them for a Marathi diaspora, settled in the United States of America. He continued with this single motivational project for around three decades in which he produced over 80 plays, which accounted for 17,000 shows. Eight of his plays crossed the 1000 show mark,. He perfected theatre economics into an art and lived true to his notion of entertainment. His drama company Suyog (1985) produced some noteworthy plays like Char Divas Premache, Shree Tashi Sau, Eka Lagnachi Goshta, Hich Tar Premachi Gammat Aahe, Diwasa Tu Ratri Me, Moruchi Maushi, Ti Phulrani.
People can never experience their true character when hiding behind a façade of self-doubt. Not only are these individuals hurting themselves, but they are also harming their relationships with others. Insecurity comes from the lack of confidence in an individual. Wanting approval is shown in those who are insecure. When this emotion grows it becomes something as ugly as jealousy. As well as an addiction to the dependency of another person. Nevertheless, insecurity is a powerful emotion that creates a negative effect on an individual’s ability to view themselves positively and impacts their
This week’s readings continued to the analysis, evaluations, and critiques of retrospective voting specifically focusing on why voters tend to focus only on election-year economic growth rather cumulative economic growth when going to the polls to reelect or vote out incumbent presidents. This paper will assess the implications of the reading by Achen and Bartels and Healy and Lenz, and what they say about the health of American democracy.
The song and dance sequences in demonstrate the most obvious example of where Hindi films defy certain rules that are commonly practiced in Western films. The songs seem to be tightly woven into the narrative and removal of them would certain hinder the development of the narrative and would prove fatal to the films. However, excessive fantasy often comes in to play within the song sequences, disregarding continuities of time and space, which can prove problematic to the rest of the narrative and the already established narrative context. It is also in these sequences in which the acting becomes particularly hyper-exaggerated with...
Aparna, Bhargava. Theatres of Independence: Drama, Theory, and Urban Performance in India Since 1947. New York: University of Iowa Press, 2009.
Sumit Guha, ‘Speaking Historically: The Changing Voices of Historical Narration in Western India.’ American Historical Review 109, no.4(October 2004):1084-2004.
Note: All the lines of text are quoted from Vijay Tendulkar,Five Plays, Oxford University Press, New Delhi1992
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
Leenerts, Cynthia. "'How Can We Be Like We Used to Be?': The Collective Sita and the Collective Draupadi in Raja Rao's Kanthapuraand Jyotirmoyee Devi's The River Churning." South Asian Review 24.2 (2003): 84-105. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 255. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Literature Resource Center. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.
The measured dialogue between Reader and Editor serves as the framework through which Gandhi seeks to discredit accepted terms of civilization and denounce the English. These principle characters amply assist in the development o...
Introduction:Asif Currimbhoy, an Indianplaywright in English had exposure in experimental American theatre. He produced plays on contemporary themes. He presented the themes like racism, class and gender. These three aspects are the parts of post colonialism.So the themes of his dramas are ‘from the flow of contemporary life and politics’. (Prema-Nanda Kumari, 1974:86-7.) He brings the social and political aspects in his many plays such as Goa, An experiment with truth, Om mane Padme Hum and The Dissident MLA. He as a karma yogihas been called as India’s first attention voice in theatre (Faubian Bowers, 1970: xii). For him “Goa” is a very special play, which was first performed in 1965 in the Michigan State University. The play deals with the Indian takeovers of Goa in December 1961. It has historical as well as political aspects. Yoosaph, A.K. readsGoa as a significant example of Currimbhoy treatment of colour and race as a tool of analyzing post colonialism (3). He further observes.