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for any legal constraints. The methods will be incompatible with our principles… Prevent Polish intelligentsia from becoming a leadership group… the old and the new territory should be cleansed of Jews, Polacks, and rubble.” . Friedlander goes on to note that this statement shows that Hitler’s idea of Volstumskampf did not call for the political domination of these group such as the Jews, but rather their elimination. intentionalism: Criticism There are a couple main critiques commonly made of the the intentionalism school of thought. The biggest of which, being that intentionalists put too large an emphasis on Hitler’s role in the final solution. Tim Mason makes this claim writing that intentionalist’s such as Karl Dietrich Bracher and …show more content…
In an 1986 article entitled “Nazi Ghettoization Policy in Poland: 1939-41”, Christopher Browning notes that some functionalists view steps such as the ghettoization of jews were just parts of the unplanned process, instead of an immediate sign of Germany’s intentions in exterminating the Jewish race. Browning writes that “ In contrast “functionalists” have argued that ghettoization played a vital role, of an unplanned “cumulative radicalization” that led to the final …show more content…
Hilberg argues that the plan for what to do with the Jewish people, starting with the exportation of Jews , which was followed by putting jews in concentration camps, and finally the systematic slaughtering of Jews What made Hilberg’s work especially interesting, and controversial is the fact that he focused mostly on using German reports and testimonies as evidence, instead of using evidence from the survivors of the
... the disbelief of the inhumane actions of the Nazis. Today, some people do not believe that the Holocaust ever happened. Society should accept the fact that the Holocaust happened and prevent it from happening in the future. By focusing on the traits that led to the Holocaust and society must prevent it from happening again. Poland’s tragedy claims to be a small proportion of the total number of people killed during the entire Holocaust. If the society decides not to survey for the trait, the Holocaust can always stir up again.
Wiesel recounts the cramped living conditions, the Jewish life and the design and purpose of the Sighet ghettos from its conception to its liquidation. His recount demonstrates the hardships and the dehumanization experienced by the Jewish people starting with their isolation and containment within the
At the start of Adolf Hitler’s reign of terror, no one would have been able to foresee what eventually led to the genocide of approximately six million Jews. However, steps can be traced to see how the Holocaust occurred. One of those steps would be the implementation of the ghetto system in Poland. This system allowed for Jews to be placed in overcrowded areas while Nazi officials figured out what to do with them permanently. The ghettos started out as a temporary solution that eventually became a dehumanizing method that allowed mass relocation into overcrowded areas where starvation and privation thrived. Also, Nazi officials allowed for corrupt Jewish governments that created an atmosphere of mistrust within its walls. Together, this allowed
For many reasons, the translation of the cat-and-mouse metaphor from America to Nazi Germany succeeds brilliantly. As Spiegelman’s research incontrovertibly bears out, in many instances Nazi propagandists represented Jews as mice or rats, claiming thereby that the Jewish presence in Europe was an infestation of vermin that needed to be wiped out. And there are various grotesque ironies that Spiegelman noted in the course of his research; for instance, Zyklon B, the poison used in the gas chambers, was first developed as a pesticide.
Christopher Browning believes that Hitler did not have a pre-existing plan to liquidate the Jews but rather, the Final Solution was a reaction to the cumulative radicalization amongst the German nation from 1939 to 1941. Although Hitler was notoriously one of the most anti-Semitic people to walk the Earth, he had not intended to mass slaughter the Jews, but rather attempted to find another solution to the Jewish problem. Hitler had such an obsession on finding this solution, that he promised one way or another he would reach his goal in perfecting a Judenfrei Germany (Browning 424). The first solution to the Jewish problem in Germany was through emigration. Once Hitler seized power he imposed the Nuremberg Laws, which stripped the Jews of all of their rights, expecting the Jewish people to comprehend the message and leave the country. The German officials even supported emigration and Zionistic movements. By 1939 only half of the Jews had left so the Jewish problem still rested unfinished. In September of 1939, the German declared war on Poland in an attempt to conquer Lebensraum. [Living space] After starting the war, they decided they could no longer let the Jews emigrate (Browning 12). By capturing Poland they inherited three million Jews. Hitler summoned all of the Jews in the German empire into ghettos in Poland until he could find another plan. Himmler, Hitler’s right hand man, proposed two plans to expel the Jews to either Lublin or to Madagascar. Hitler approved both but neither was put into affect. The Nazis’ inability to solve the Jewish question once again disappoints them. The obligation to solve the problem still weighed heavily upon them, which lead to frustration, which lead to the radical decisions to liquidate th...
It is no mystery that the lives of the prisoners of Nazi concentration camps were an ultimate struggle. Hitler’s main goal was to create a racial state, one consisting purely of the ‘superior’ Aryan race. The Germans under Hitler’s control successfully eradicated a vast number of the Jewish population, by outright killing them, and by dehumanizing them. Auschwitz is the home of death of the mind, body, and soul, and the epitome of struggle, where only the strong survive.
According to an ends-based rationality, the Holocaust was an extremely irrational event that is connected to the unrealistic goal of exterminating all Jews. Conversely, Weber’s means-based rationality suggests that the Holocaust was rational because the Nazis ran their camps optimally. This particular concept is extremely problematic in that it justifies the mass genocide on the basis of the camp’s functionality in economic terms. Although very different, the two types of rationality explain how organizations such as the Nazi Party and the bureaucracy can create lasting
Norton, James. The Holocaust: Jews, Germany, and the National Socialists. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2009. Print.
German authorities explained that the areas known as ghettos were made in order to control and segregate the Jewish people. They also concentrated the Jewish people into large towns near rail lines as a step toward achieving the “final solution” for Jews. The “final solution” was the plan to exterminate all Jewish people from German society. The earliest ghetto was established in October 1939, in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland. This was a small town before the war; it was only home to about six thousand residents. Although after it was turned into a ghetto the small town became something even worse than a prison. The Nazis incarcerated over twenty- eight thousand people at that location. The Jewish people did not hurt anyone or commit a crime, in ...
Since anti-Semitism was already present, it made manipulating the German public into perceiving the Jew as an enemy an easy task. In political psychology it is believed that politics can cue identity and this is clear when it comes to German society and Hitler. He was able to play on the fear of others and the threat to German culture in order to come to power and fulfill his plan of the extermination of the Jew. Which is what intentionalist believe was what he had set out to do from the beginning. Like Karl Dietrich Bracher states, “Hitler was the most radical expressor and the most effective propagator of a set of ideas and emotions forming the nucleus of extreme German nationalism, that is, anti-democratism, imperialism, and racism.” Hitler was the perfect leader for a nation that was disappointed with the Weimar government and that had a strong sense of nationalism. He tapped into this deep love of nation and used it to turn Germans against Germans, making them fear and hate one another. Intentionalists believe that without Hitler there would have been no
One of the largest Jewish revolts dated in the Holocaust, was that of the Warsaw Ghetto. In the year of 1943, residents of the ghetto had finally had enough of the overbearing Nazi soldiers and decided to launch a counterattack. An estimated group of 1,000 strong fought back with all they had, decimating around 300 hundred soldiers and critically injuring another 1,000 (“Jewish Resistance to the Nazi Genocide”). A...
During the Holocaust era, a third of all Jewish people alive at the time were murdered by the Germans. In the book Night by Elie Wiesel, the systematic killing of the Jewish people was happening all around him. Although Wiesel does not use the word “genocide,” his account of his experience shows that it was definitely genocide that he witnessed.
Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust: a History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston: New York, 1986. Print.
“ Hitler used propaganda and manufacturing enemies such as Jews and five million other people to prepare the country for war.” (Jewish Virtual Library), This piece of evidence shows Hitler’s attempt of genocide toward the Jewish race a...
The functionalist argument just doesn’t make sense to me nor many other researchers in the holocaust such as a lecturist Elly Dlin (Dlin 2). How could you set up hundreds of functioning concentration camps, deport all jews with their consent, and end up killing thousands of the jews without planning it out. The functionalists present a confused picture of the inner workings of the Third Reich. “Far from it being seen as a well-oiled hierarchy in which authority flowed downwards and obedience flowed upwards, the Nazi bureaucracy was described as a maze of competing power groups that revolved around the personalities of bitter rivals who were diametrically opposed to the policies and interests of each other and who were ceaselessly plotting against and clashing with their rivals.” (Elly Dlin