Vitex trifolia is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, although vitex species may be found in temperate zones. Vitex trifolia belongs to genus vitex and family Verbenaceae there are approximately 270 known species of shrubs and trees[17]. Vitex trifolia posses larvicidal, wound healing, anti-HIV, trypanocidal, anticancer activity[10]. It is also used as a anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic agent. They are also used as sedative for rheumatism, headache and common cold in some countries. Vitex species used in traditional medicine to treat ailments like wounds, allergies, asthma and body pains[15].
Colletion of plant materials
The fresh leaves of vitex trifolia were collected from well grown trees in Tamilnadu Agriculture University, Katuthotam, Thanjavur district, Tamilnadu. The fresh leaves were washed twice in ordinary water and in distilled water. The washed leaves were shade dried in room temperature for 15 to 20 days.
Preparation of extracts from leaves of vitex trifolia
Selected organic solvents were used for the extraction of phytochemical compounds from leaf materials of vitex trifolia. The shade dried leaves are finely powdered using blender[12]. 15gm of the powdered leaf were first extracted with the solvent petroleum ether for defatting the extract using soxhlet apparatus. The defatted powdered were dried and extractions were carried out with the solvents petroleum ether benzene, acetone, ethanol and distilled water using soxhlet apparatus successfully[2]. Vaccum rotatory evapourator was used to evapourate solvents and the concentrated extracts were obtained. The concentrated extracts were subjected to qualitative and quantitative test for the identification of phytochemicals present in the leaf...
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...roids, tannins(0.521mg) and terpinoids(0.321mg). Ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids(0.232mg), phenols(0.163mg), saponins(0.123mg), tannins(0.461mg) and terpenoids(0.361mg). Finally water extract showed the presence of flavonoids(0.423mg) and tannins(0.62mg).
The antibacterial activity of the different extracts was done by disc diffusion method. The extracts have shown different degrees of antibacterial activity. In Bacillus subtilis the acetone extract of V trifolia have shown the zone of inhibition at 0.5cm, the ethanol extract of V.trifolia have shown the zone of inhibition at 0.75cm.
In Escherichia coli the acetone extract of V.trifolia showed the zone of inhibition at 0.15cm, the ethanol extract of V.trifolia have shown the zone of inhibition at 0.25cm, the Dis.H2O extract of V.trifolia have shown the zone of inhibition at 0.35cm.
As shown in figure 2, the percentage of each isomeric alcohol in the mixture had been determined. The hydrogen atom on the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group appear at around 4.0 ppm for borneol and 3.6 ppm for isoborneol. The product ratio has been determined by integrating the peaks. A ratio of 6:1 for the Isoborneol/borneol ratio was expected and is validated by the calculations shown above, with isoborneol percentage at 83.82% and 16.17% of borneol. A CHCl3 group noted at around 7ppm and a CH2Cl2 at around 3.5ppm.
...e been beneficial to the experiment. An error may have occurred due to the fact that measurements were taken by different individuals, so the calculations could have been inconsistent.
4. Taibi DM, Bourguignon C, Taylor AG. Valerian use for sleep disturbances related to rheumatoid arthritis. Holist Nurs Pract. 2004;18(3):120-126.
A rare form of glioblastoma took away Howard Inlet’s six-year old daughter. Ever since her passing, he struggled to regain his mental stability. Collateral Beauty is about how the people around Howard care about him so much to help return him to get back on track after he loses the biggest piece of his life to cancer. It is a movie intended to entertain, in a sad way. The entertainment of this movie brings along the tears; it affects the viewer because the movie covers real life situations, portrayed by different and unique characters. The movie is successful in its aim in showing the power of love, the human spirit.
Benefits & Side Effects - Drugs.com Herbal Database. 13 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. Drugs.com.
Virola theiodora (Spr. ex Benth.) Warburg is one of many species of Virola used in the Amazon region as a hallucinogenic snuff. The plant differs in its pattern of usage by the indigenous people of this region. A reddish resin- like exudate is extracted from the cambial region of the bark of this slender tree and either snuffed or ingested orally. The major alkaloid constituent of this snuff appears to be 5-MeO-DMT with lesser amounts of DMT.
In conclusion, E. cava is a very interesting resource, due to the presence of unique phlorotannin derivatives with special bioactivities including ACE inhibitory activity. Ethanol enhances the extraction of phlorotannins specially dieckol from the brown seaweed E. cava. By contrast, in this study phloroglucinol derivative dieckol exhibited the strongest activity against ACE. With the results of this study we can suggest that the brown seaweed E. cava could be used in development of promising and potential functional food products. Moreover, it is expected that these findings will contribute to developing interests in basic research and potential applications of the phlorotannins in the relevant fields.
Calendula petals are available in fresh or dried form and come in the following forms tincture - solution, liquid extracts, sitz bath, oil, i...
Many plants and plant derived products are used in cancer therapy as cytotoxic agents. Examples include Taxol that is used for breast cancer (which gets its active constituent from Pacific Yew tree) and the vinca alkaloids used for leukaemia (from the Madagascar ...
The crude extract obtained by solvent extraction was subjected to various qualitative tests to detect the presence of common chemical constituents as:
“Al Condraj sat on the bench he had made and smelled the parsley garden and didn’t feel humiliated anymore. But nothing could stop him from hating the two men, even though he knew they hadn’t done anything they shouldn’t have done.” (The Parsley Garden, Junior Great Books, Series 6, pg.42)
Data Table 3 indicates the observations from these tests. Though a control test for each test wasn’t prepared, due to the starting reagents being unattainable, the results clearly show that the product is unsaturated. An unsaturated compound means that there is/are bonds in its structure. The product was also analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The spectrums obtained allowed one to determine the composition of 1-methylcyclohexene; any impurities and excess products were observed as well. From the infrared spectrum, there is a little peak around 3300-3500 cm-1; this indicated a very little presence of alcohol in the product and thus, most of the alcohol has been successfully removed. If one compared the IR spectrum of the product to the starting material, 2-methylcyclohexanol, one could clearly see the change in peak size of the O-H stretch. The infrared spectrum of 1-methylcyclohexene also depicted a C-H stretch and an alkene functional group at 500-1500 cm-1 and 2932.54cm-1, respectively. From the gas chromatography spectrum (Data Table 4), the area percentages show that there were three products - peaks 22 through 24 - that were formed from the dehydration experiment. Nevertheless, there are two predominant products, as shown from their high percentages, 3-methylcyclohexene (~24%) and 1-methylcyclohexene
Vitex Agnus-Castus This oil is one of the lesser known oils available. It comes from a shrub that is native to Central Asia. It is used for controlling bleeding, helping to fix infertility, balancing hormones, and alleviating menopause cramping.
The effectiveness of any plant is not due to the action of any one chemical as modern science would have you believe. When plants are synthesized in a lab, they are analyzed to find their most potent and active components. The rest of the plant is left behind. What science is forgetting is that each leaf, stem, flower and root work in their own unique way to deliver what is need to the body.
Belvedere meaning “beautiful view” in Italian is a word that many people correlated with the style and design of the Italian Renaissance gardens. The sight of these gardens were truly remarkable in a time where design would settle for nothing less of such. Throughout the report many things will be brought to light in relation to the Renaissance gardens. This report will include many sub-sections that will pertain to the design of these gardens. These sections include, the history of the Renaissance gardens, their influences, the garden’s features and the multiple purposes of the different gardens from the Renaissance. Although each section will prove to be different from the one before it, it will be seen that they all link to one common