Visual field index for assessing glaucoma severity Sousa MC et al. Suitability of the Visual Field Index according to Glaucoma Severity. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2015 Sep-Dec;9(3):65-8. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1186. Epub 2016 Feb 2. Introduction: Loss of retinal ganglion cells with characteristic changes of the optic nerve head and visual field is a characteristic presentation of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Among various detection options, standard automated perimetry (SAP) remains the most widely used method to access the visual deficit by glaucoma. The visual field index (VFI) was introduced by Bengtsson and Heijl that is less affected by media opacity and considers the functional loss corrected for age spots identified as changed in the probability map of the the pattern standard deviation (PSD). Objective: Sousa MC et al carried out a cross-sectional study to detect the suitability of the VFI and its correlations with the other available indices in different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Method: …show more content…
Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of POAG or ocular hypertension, with a history of three or more prior visual field tests. The medical records of all subjects were reviewed and a new SAP was performed. Patients were divided into five groups: group I (glaucoma suspects―ocular hypertension), group II (mild glaucoma, MD > -6 dB), group III (moderate glaucoma, MD between - 6 and - 12 dB), group IV (advanced glaucoma, MD between -12 and -20 dB), and group V (end stage glaucoma, MD < -20 dB). The three global indexes [mean deviation (MD), PSD and VF] were obtained and correlated using scientific analysis where p < 0.001). Figure
Zoe is a very great attentive student. She is a student whoholds a lot of valuable pronciples from her Haitian-Cuabn culture. The monment she enters the building she greets people with respect. She always says good morning and refers to all staff and her peers by their name. Zoe always comes to school in a positive attitude. I have yet to see her upset which allows me to believe she is good in toning her emotions or personal life outside of school grounds. Outside of school she is always busy between homework, family and tutoring at the SCO Family Services program in Downtown, Brooklyn. By the end of her long day she is exhausted but yet a smile is always on her face giving no sinces of anger or worries.if I was to describe Zoe’s emotional tone or color it would be lavender. She is calm, soothing to me around but ye keps firm.she had a bright future a head of her. Between the classes I have observed her in she is always energetic, cheerful and strong minded. She is excited in theatre class showing off her acting skills and in Spanish class she is attentive when doing her Spanish class work.
Saxena, Rohit, Diguijay Singh, and Praveen Vashist. “Glaucoma: An Emerging Peril.” Indian Journal of Community Medicine 38.3 (2013): 135-7: Proquest. Web. 7 Jan 2014.
There are three parts to the eye exam, the visual acuity exam. This test uses an eye chart to measure how good you can see an object details or the shape of an object at a far distance. 20/20 is the perfect visual acuity and if you 're legally blind than its worse than or equal to 20/200 in both eyes. The second exam is called the slit lamp exam which is a type of microscope that is used to examine the front part of the eye,, that includes the eyelids, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, iris, anterior chamber, the lens, and part of the retina and optic nerve. The third exam is called dilated exam. Dilated exam is when drops are placed in the eyes to widen or dilate the pupil to enable your eye M.D. to examine the retina and optic nerve for signs of damage (“Diabetic Retinopathy
Vision loss from glaucoma is permanent but can be prevented with early detection and treatment. Since the symptoms of the disease are usually unnoticeable, regular eye examination are important especially for persons over the age of 35 and those in high risk group.
The composite score is objective and calculated through a weighted formula designed to provide an equal contribution from each item while the severity rating is subjective and indicates the need for additional treatment in specific areas (Haraguchi et al., 2009). The SR ranges from 0 to 9 points and the CS ranges from 0 to 1 with anything higher than the normal 9 SR or 1 CS indicating greater problem severities (Haraguchi et al., 2009). Although some problems still exist, the ASI has been reported to have nearly achieved both reliability and validity (Haraguchi et al.,
Each analyst took cranial measurements and the average of each measurement was used in the final calculations necessary to the Giles and Elliot metric analysis. The following calculations are sums of the formulae.
Rossetti, Y., Rode, G., Pisella, L., Farne, A., Li, L., Boisson, D., & Perenin, M.-T. (1998). Prism adaptation to rightward optical deviation rehabilitates left hemispatial neglect. Nature, 166-168. pp. 166-168.
Introduction The use of visual supports in special education has long been a practice in developing individualized educational support systems. Visual supports are tools that are used to increase the understanding of language, environmental expectations, and provide structure and support for individuals with disabilities. Visual supports are flexible enough that they can be provided in a variety of ways, and across multiple settings. Since the rise of inclusive classrooms, students with disabilities have been included in the general education classroom for a portion, if not a majority, of their school day.
Regarding to the ocular examination, the patient's visual acuity without optical correction (spectacle) was good 20/20 in both eyes. IOP measurements was 18 mmHg on the right eye and 16 mmHg in the left eye. The pupil was equal, round and reactive to light with no afferent pupillary defect in both eyes. In extarocular movement test, there was limited downward gaze with
...ological impairment. RN would check pupils for size and shape, normal response would be 3 mm with round shape and react quickly to light and they should be equal in size. If unequally dilated with poor response to light would indicate hematoma. If both pupils are fixed and dilated this indicates severe injury to brain stem with poor prognosis (Smelter, 2004). Verbal and motor response is measured by verbal commands if no response would check by use of painful stimuli for example sternal rub.
The way that each individual interprets, retrieves, and responds to the information in the world that surrounds you is known as perception. It is a personal way of creating opinions about others and ourselves in everyday life and being able to recognize it under various conditions. Each person’s perceptions are used as a kind of filter that every piece of information has to pass through before it determines the effect that it has or will have on the person from the stimulus. It is convincing to believe that we create multiple perceptions about different situations and objects each day. Perceptions reflect our opinions in many ways. The quality of a person’s perceptions is very important and can affect the response that is given through different situations. Perception is often deceived as reality. “Through perception, people process information inputs into responses involving feelings and action.” (Schermerhorn, et al.; p. 3). Perception can be influenced by a person’s personality, values, or experiences which, in turn, can play little role in reality. People make sense of the world that they perceive because the visual system makes practical explanations of the information that the eyes pick up.
Image intensification is the process of converting x-ray into visible light. “Early fluoroscopic procedures produced visual images of low intensity, which required the radiologist's eyes to be dark adapted and restricted image recording. In the late 1940s, with the rapid developments in electronics and borrowing the ideas from vacuum tube technology, scientists invented the x-ray image intensifier, which considerably brightened fluoroscopic images” (Wang & Blackburn, 2000, np). We will explore the image-intensification tube, the various gain parameters associated with the tube, and the magnification mode of the image intensifier.
Studies have shown as of 2013 that older people are at an increased rate for falling if their Astigmatism is at an oblique axis of 180* or stronger. So extra care must be taken when new eyewear is given to these particular patients.
“The Aravind Eye Care System has dramatically improved the quality, volume and efficiency of eye care delivery in India and inspired health workers everywhere.” (Brilliant, L & Brilliant, G. (2007)) The workflow of doctors are set high, they perform over 200,000 surgeries per year. Keeping the waiting time between each operation very small and steady, resulting in many more patients becoming operated on. “The second core principle is excellence in execution of ensuring a high level of efficiency in providing the treatment, including outpatient services and surgeries.” (Tikoo, R. Financial Express). The gap between each operation was so precise and consistent; it solely helped improve the efficiency of the hospital. “By the time the first operation was finished, the second patient already had a microscope focused on their eye. Dr. Aravind then moved straight to table no.2 without any interlude.” (Manikutty, S & Vohra, N