Virginia Woolf's Jacob's Room - Jacob Flanders, Many Things to Many Readers
Listless is the air in an empty room, just swelling the curtain; the flowers in the jar shift.
One fibre in the wicker arm- chair creaks, though no one sits there. - Jacob's Room
The year 1922 marks the beginning of High Modernism with the publications of T. S. Eliot's The Wasteland, James Joyce's Ulysses, and Virginia Woolf's Jacob's Room. Woolf's novel, only her third, is not generally afforded the iconic worship and critical praise so often attached to those works of her most famous male contemporaries. Jacob's Room is seldom suggested as one of Woolf's best fiction; the novel has not generated the same encomia as her recognized masterpieces Mrs. Dalloway, Between the Acts, and The Waves. But Jacob's Room is indeed a revolutionary work in its original technical mastery, its mournful historicity, and its evocative tone. The novel is Woolf's manifesto in fiction of her unique enterprise to create character beyond the one-to-one mimetic method of conventional Victorian and Edwardian realism. Uniquely self-conscious and conscious of self, Woolf was attracted to exploring new modes of characterization, fictional consciousness, and epistemology. She is especially interested in exploring the nature, communication, and limits of fictional knowledge. Woolf's idiosyncratic mode of characterization in Jacob's Room is the epistemological complement in fiction to Eliot's formula for emotional expression in poetry, the objective correlative. While Eliot's description of the ideal artistic technique tries to be concise and formulaic, a direct mimetic correspondence, Woolf's technique is symbolic and metaphoric, collective, indefinite, and infinitely more ...
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...Merry. "Virginia Woolf's Between the Acts: Fascism in the Heart of England." Virginia Woolf Miscellanies: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf. Ed. by Mark Hussey and Vara Neverow-Turk. Lanham, MD: Pace University Press, 1992. pp. 188-191.
Ruddick, Sara. "Private Brother, Public World." New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf. Ed. by Jane Marcus. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. pp. 185-215.
Schug, Charles. The Romantic Genesis of the Modern Novel. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1979.
Woolf, Virginia. The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Volume III. 1919-1924. Ed. by Andrew McNeillie. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.
-----. Jacob's Room. New York: The Penguin Group, 1998.
-----. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Volume II. 1912-1922. Ed. by Nigel Nicholson. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how woolf's novel is a revolutionary work of her unique enterprise to create character beyond the one-to-one mimetic method of conventional victorian and edwardian realism.
Analyzes how woolf's style matured between the 1915 and 1917 publication of the voyage out, and her experimental short stories of the late 1910s and jacob'
Analyzes how woolf was anxious about her novel's critical reception because of her radical experimentation in the work and its departure from the fictional conventions of bennet and wells.
Analyzes how woolf subtly passes responsibility for the creation of character to the reader.
Analyzes how woolf sought to achieve characterization beyond the limits of the one-to-one correspondence of realism.
Analyzes how woolf's radical approach to characterization demands the direct experience of reality as the only possible way of knowing meaning.
Analyzes how woolf's fiction is concerned with narrative techniques in general and is often narration about modes of narration, or metanarrative.
Analyzes how woolf achieves greater expression of character through negative presence. jacob's character is most fully articulated by examining the space which remains in his absence.
Opines that the columns and the temple remain; the emotion of the living breaks fresh on them year after year.
Analyzes how jacob is defined more by his absence than his presence, a divergence in space and time. the coughing sheep underscores the crisis of masculine identity and historical and civilizational progress that symbolically ended with the great war.
Analyzes how woolf's method is to offer parts to the reader to collect and construct into a meaningful whole.
Describes the letters of virginia woolf. volume ii. 1912-1922. ed. by nigel nicholson. new york: harcourt brace jovanovich, 1976.
Analyzes how the air in an empty room is listless, just swelling the curtain, the flowers shift, and the wicker arm-chair creaks, though no one sits there.
Analyzes how woolf's technique for characterization in jacob’s room is metaphorical and symbolic rather than metonymic and mimetic.
Analyzes how the narrative consciousness's indeterminancy and ambivalence render any reading of jacob through these objects problematic.
Analyzes how woolf multiplies the sites of meaning through her narrator's placement of jacob in time.
Argues that woolf is one of several modernist writers who carry on the romantic tradition which supremes the individual consciousness and its communicability.
Explains that virginia woolf and postmodernism: literature in quest & question itself.
Cites kiely, robert, and little, judy. "jacob's room and roger fry: two studies in still life."
Cites pawlowski, merry, ruddick, marcus, schug, charles, and mcneillie. virginia woolf's between the acts: fascism in the heart of england.
To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf
When speaking of modernism in the work Virginia Woolf, scholars too readily use her innovations in style and technique as the starting point for critical analysis, focusing largely on the ways in which her prose represents a departure from the conventional novel in both style and content. To simply discuss the extent of her unique style, however, is to overlook the role of tradition in her creation of a new literary identity. In To the Lighthouse, Woolf's invention reveals itself instead as a reinvention, a recasting of the conventional through the use of the traditional.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how woolf's elegiac aims in to the lighthouse illuminate its autobiographical nature and reveals the extent to which the traditional concept of 'elegy' shapes her modernist construction of space-time.
Analyzes how woolf's elegy is a poem lamenting the dead and reflecting on the death of the person or moment in time, or even death itself.
Analyzes how woolf's expansion of time in the first section of the novel, traditionally considered its most modernist quality, is structured most heavily by her elegiac intent.
Analyzes how the expansion of time serves its purpose most convincingly, allowing not only the creation of a fleeting sense of togetherness, but also mrs. ramsay's assertion that "this would remain."
Analyzes how "time passes" represents the loss of the vision that allowed for lily and mrs. ramsay's reflection on the dinner party. the house becomes devoid of any human presence.
Analyzes how woolf's expansion of time is a direct result of the demands of elegiac structure.
Analyzes how woolf's elegiac structure turns to the examination of objects around the ramsay family, where time-compression emerges as a necessity in portraying their slow decay.
Explains kelley, a. v., and barrett, m. woolf, women and writing.
Muted Women in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how women in woolf's a room of one’s own are confined to the world of domestic duties.
Analyzes how aurora learns cross-stitching from her aunt in a room of one’s own, where virginia woolf wistfully wishes that women could have time to write poetry.
Analyzes how aurora notes with bitterness that the women in "aurora leigh" are merely properties of their husbands and fathers.
Analyzes how women are not encouraged to embrace the world of literature in woolf's a room of one’s own.
Analyzes how women in a room of one’s own and aurora leigh are reluctant to express their thoughts and to write them on paper.
Analyzes how anonymity of women in the literary circles is endorsed. women writers throughout the centuries also used noms-de-plumes, alienating their literary works from the masculine works.
Analyzes how women in "aurora leigh" are devoted to unconventional literature that is "against the times".
Analyzes how la bruyère believes that women are extrêmes, meilleures or pires than les homes, and that they cannot be counted on for rational thought and should be free from all duties of importance.
Analyzes how napoleon, like many men and even women, thought that females were incapable of education. in "aurora leigh", aurora learns a smattering of traditional male subjects like algebra, mathematics, and the sciences.
Analyzes how the worlds of a room of one's own and "aurora leigh" contain women who are submissive and serve their fathers, husbands and male relatives without questions.
Analyzes how muted women in a room of one's own and "aurora leigh" are expected to act as foils to the males so that patriarchal societies may flourish.
Explains that browning, elizabeth barrett. "aurora leigh". 1856. correspondence course notes: selected women writers i, spring-summer 2003.
Analyzes how women in virginia woolf's a room of one’s own and elizabeth barrett browning 'aurora leigh' are confined to the domestic spheres of their homes and excluded from the elite literary world.
Stillinger, Jack, Deidre Lynch, Stephen Greenblatt, and M. H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York, NY: W.W. Norton &, 2006. Print.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how wordsworth's manifesto declared that poetry, as a collective, had become perverted by, then, modern society. the french revolution marked the dawning of an age during which one could be an individual.
Analyzes how wordsworth's romantic era revolved around free expression, lyricism, the glorification of the ordinary, an innate awe for the natural world, and overwhelming individualism.
Analyzes how the prelude served as the metaphorical ruby to wordsworth's crown of literary achievements. it spans multiple experiences, over the course of his life, to conceptualize the underlying journey of existence.
Analyzes how the title, the prelude, abstractly alludes to the depth of the piece. it spans multiple, literal journeys experienced over the course of his life.
Analyzes how book fourth embodies a romantic appreciation for nature, while book fifth explores the human quest for knowledge through the eyes of an uneducated wordsworth.
Analyzes how wordsworth depicts life's journey as a circular progression and emphasizes the contrast between the individual and all-encompassing nature.
Analyzes how samuel coleridge served as a serious influence from which wordsworth received guidance and matured philosophy. the pair looked to each other for literary inspiration, and lobbied ideas off of one another.
Explains that wordsworth left a substantial imprint on historical literature. he took the contemporary dogma of poetry and threw it on the ground.
Cites aaron, a. "wordsworth's prelude." anthology of ideas. ahha creative.
Describes the poems by william wordsworth, including lyrical ballads, miscellaneous pieces of , and a supplementary essay.
Virginia Woolf, a founder of Modernism, is one of the most important woman writers. Her essays and novels provide an insight into her life experiences and those of women of the 20th century. Her most famous works include Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), Orlando: A Biography (1928), The Waves (1931), and A Room of One's Own (1929) (Roseman 11).
In this essay, the author
Analyzes woolf's argument about the merits of the two sexes as writers. she urges women to write not only fiction, but books of all kinds.
Describes brooks, rebecca b., “timeline of virginia woolf’s life.” the virginia-wolf blog.
Analyzes how woolf's essays and novels provide an insight into her life experiences and those of women of the 20th century.
Analyzes how woolf ends the fictional narrator with the essay on "women and fiction" still unwritten.
Describes virginia woolf periodicals, 1882-1942, semiannually. california state college, sonoma, dept. of english. roseman, ellen. a room of one's own.
Analyzes burt, john, and rodriguez, lara ma lojo's "a new tradition": virginia woolf and the personal essay.
Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. Introduction by D.M. Hoare, Ph.D. London: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1960
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how early filmmakers took advantage of trains to showcase their medium, as the rapidly shifting landscape, and multitude of framing windows, was already an instance of "moving pictures."
Analyzes how kawabata emphasizes contradictory images in metaphors or similes to lead us elsewhere. the milky way creates an anti-gravity field that lifts the characters from their bodies.
Introduces d.m. hoare, ph.d., to woolf, virginia. to the lighthouse.
Argues that woolf's claim that plot is banished in modern fiction is a misleading tenet of modernism.
Seltzer J., Alvin. "The Tension of Stalemate: Art and Chaos in Virginia Woolf's ' To the Lighthouse.'" Chaos in the Novel: The Novel in Chaos. Schocken Books, 1974. pp 120-140.
In this essay, the author
Compares albert camus' the stranger and virginia woolf's to the lighthouse.
Analyzes how albert camus' the stranger (1942) and virginia woolf's to the lighthouse (1927) are products of two separate cultures in an overlapping time period.
Analyzes how camus and woolf offer stylistic devices in connection with their intended themes. the stranger tells of the main character's confrontation with a threatening arab and his resulting murder. to the lighthouse describes the general passage of time.
Analyzes how camus and woolf's contemporary social backdrop provides insight into the origin and purpose of their works.
Analyzes how camus had an unusual bond with his mother, who died in world war i, and his struggle with tuberculosis, which led him to the themes that struck a chord in the paris of 1942.
Analyzes how virginia woolf blossomed during a period of history when tradition withered and social change challenged the integrity of england's value system.
Analyzes how woolf's "to the lighthouse" deviated from the norms of contemporary literature. she incorporated complex symbols and metaphors to portray life as chaos and yet comment on how humans unattainably strive to create order.
Analyzes how albert camus fits form with function in the stranger to connect concrete thought with authenticity, depersonalize meursalt, emphasize his moral alienation from society, and finally give the impression of man being trapped in an uncontrollable world.
Analyzes camus' unorthodox narrative structure by using the first person point of view to describe meursalt, a narrator who lacks an accepted ethical sense and moral indifference.
Analyzes camus' use of an objective, non-analytical vocabulary to deprive meursalt of any introspective qualities.
Analyzes how meursalt's language represents that of the french-algerian working class, but the shift from authentic "worker" language to more polluted, abstract "ruling" authority is understandable.
Analyzes how the abrupt break in tone from short, verb-centered prose to elaborate metaphorical language indicates a distortion in meursalt's perceptions.
Analyzes how camus conveys a state of confusion where meursalt seems to be at the mercy of some greater power.
Analyzes how the sun transcends both meursalt and the arab. the reader hesitates to blame him for the murder because of his state of mind.
Analyzes how camus associates the sea with femininity and the sun with dominance and masculinity. mccarthy psychoanalyzes meursalt's punishment for an oedipal struggle.
Analyzes how mccarthy's view of the murder detracts from camus' central purpose of isolating meursalt and establishing his mentally unstable mood.
Analyzes how the figurative language of the passage emphasizes the suspension of time in meursalt's world, thereby reinforcing the distortion effect.
Analyzes how woolf's poesy-novel broke new ground in narrative structure, written in a style almost antithetical to camus' terse prose.
Analyzes how woolf describes her characters in the third person, but an "omniscient point of view enables her to define the remoteness of one mind from another."
Analyzes woolf's use of run-on and abnormally long appositives in mid-sentence gives the reader the impression of being in the mind of the character. the discrepancy in tone is blatant and alienates the bracketed phrases.
Analyzes how woolf focuses on the seasonal cycles of spring and summer, and through personification of each explores the decay of the ramsay house.
Analyzes woolf's aesthetic philosophy that nature is detached from man, and harmony only temporarily created when man tries to impose order.
Compares camus' and woolf's methods to address the chaos of life and insignificance of man. both writers are united under the emerging modernist movement.
Compares camus' tense to woolf's adaptation of the multipersonal narrative viewpoint. both authors modify their form and art to comment and reflect on their own literary, historical, and political environment.
Describes auerbach, erich, mimesis: the representation of reality in western literature.
Explains that bersnai, leo, "the stranger's secrets." novel: a forum on fiction.
Explains that bradbury, malcolm, possibilities: essays on the state of the novel, oxford university press, 1973.
Explains that john cruickshank, albert camus and the literature of revolt, oxford university press, 1960.
Explains that dyson, ae, and morris beja, eds. to the lighthouse. london: macmillan, 1970.
Explains seltzer j., alvin, and schocken books' chaos in the novel: the novel in chaos.
Explains woolf, virginia. to the lighthouse. 1927. new york: harcourt brace and company, 1951.
Clurman, Harold. "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" Edward Albee: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. C.W.E. Bigsby. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall 1975. 76-79
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how albee peels off the institutions and values that americans held and hold dear, such as family, beauty, marriage, success, religion, and education.
Analyzes how albee's dramatic action sets the scene for a study of american society. the allusion invites parallels to our own country, which faced the threat of communism.
Analyzes how albee introduces us to his theme of the illusory and failed american dream.
Analyzes how american society has created a myriad of institutions and values because reality has become too difficult to face. these institutions are both misleading and failed in albee's play.
Analyzes how albee's play depicts empty and hollow family relationships, including george and martha, honey and nick, and honey.
Analyzes how albee's play examines the illusorily revered american institution of the education system.
Analyzes how american institutions/values are a false clutch with which the characters avoid reality.
Analyzes albee's analysis of the values and institutions comprising the american dream, which fail the ideals represented by george and martha washington and expose the illusion behind those revered characters.
In Virginia Woolf’s feminist essay “A Room of One’s Own,” Woolf argues that “a woman must have money and a room of her own” (16) if she is to write fiction of any merit. The point as she develops it is a perceptive one, and far more layered and various in its implications than it might at first seem. But I wonder if perhaps Woolf did not really tap the full power of her thesis. She recognized the necessity of the writer’s financial independence to the birth of great writing, but she failed to discover the true relationship to great writing of another freedom; for just as economic freedom allows one to inhabit a physical space---a room of one’s own---so does mental freedom allow one to inhabit one’s own mind and body “incandescent and unimpeded.” Woolf seems to believe that the development and expression of creative genius hinges upon the mental freedom of the writer(50), and that the development of mental freedom hinges upon the economic freedom of the writer (34, 47). But after careful consideration of Woolf’s essay and also of the recent trend in feminist criticism, one realizes that if women are to do anything with Woolf’s words; if we are to act upon them---to write the next chapter in this great drama---we must take her argument a little farther. We must propel it to its own conclusion to find that in fact both the freedom from economic dependence and the freedom from fetters to the mind and body are conditions of the possibility of genius and its full expression; we must learn to ‘move in’: to inhabit and take possession of, not only a physical room, but the more abstract rooms of our minds and our bodies. It is only from this perspective in full possession of ourselves that we can find the unconsciousness of ourselves,...
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how woolf's essay, "a room of one’s own," argues that a woman must have money and room of her own if she is to write fiction of any merit.
Analyzes woolf's example of what it means to write well when she speaks of shakespeare. shakespeare used writing as an art, not as a method of self-expression.
Analyzes how woolf demonstrates how women writers have often failed because of their frustration and bitterness with a world that presented to us and our writing not welcome, or even indifference, but hostility.
Analyzes how 's statements on this subject may seem contradictory. she states that some merging of the sexes is in order, yet she also says that it would be a thousand pities if women wrote like men.
Analyzes how the first generation of women writers had no tradition behind them, or one so short and partial that it was of little help.
Analyzes how woolf contradicts herself by saying that human beings can only relate to each other as men and women. women have no literary tradition except the male.
Analyzes how woolf asks us to write, not as men or women, but as human beings. the dichotomy presents an impediment to creative action of one’s mind and the development and expression of creative genius.
Analyzes how woolf saw the imoprtance of this point, but it is not clear that she had its place in relation to the rest of her argument worked out exactly.
Explains that women's sexuality has long been defined in terms of the masculine, while men seize power, and women are useful to them only in their reproductive capacity.
Analyzes how plato, kant, descartes, and the bible foster a strong moral preference for the qualities of mind and body. the basic thrust of feminist philosophy is usually that women should ‘take back’ their bodies.
Analyzes how woolf's feelings on this subject are not as developed as all of this. she makes vague references to the ideas addressed, but when looked at in light of feminist philosophy, these allusions are confusing and contradictory.
Analyzes how woolf waxes satirical by describing her reasoning for travelling to the british museum. she is trying to cast doubt on the idea that the body is confusing and somehow vulgar.
Analyzes how woolf discusses the creative power of women, which later feminists will argue is inseparable from the female body and female eroticism. mary carmichael is encumbered with self-consciousness in the presence of "sin" which is the legacy of sexual barbarity.
Opines that woolf's comment about the human frame, heart, body, and brain, isn't clear on the underlying philosophical problem.
Opines that entanglement is merely temporary and physical---not metaphysical. both of these comments carry a strong predisposition to mind/body dualism.
Opines that women's perspectives of the world should not be framed by the figure of a man. they should transcend the struggle to find their right relation to men and move in to their own minds and bodies.
Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. Introduction by D.M. Hoare, Ph.D. London: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1960
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how mr. carmichael, who was reading virgil, blew out his candle, but mrs. ramsay died suddenly the night before.
Analyzes how the text from to the lighthouse, quoted above, is the sum total of all bracketed asides that appear in the novel's second section, "time passes."
Analyzes how the brackets convey personal information about the family in the midst of a narrative dedicated to the empty summer house.
Analyzes how the first and fifth bracket sets are like bookends about mr. carmichael. the information about him blowing out the candle echoes text in chapter i of "time passes."
Analyzes how the narrative discourse of each death in brackets 2-4 has its own tone, as though each were told by a different person.
Analyzes how the tone implies vagueness, as though there was a scandal or secret attached to it. "connected with childbirth" might connote abortion or miscarriage.
Analyzes how the news of andrew's death, in the fourth bracket, is appropriately worded. it is the direct answer to the question, "what happened to andrew?"
Analyzes how sentimentality is missing from all these death-stories, but they are powerful when read in the midst of the text. the brackets themselves add an emphasis beyond what is possible with a parentheses.