1.0 Chapter One- THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE SETTLEMENTS PATTERNS IN SRI LANKA
1.1 History of village settlement in Sri Lanka.
According to the chronicle-the ministers of Vijaya established their own settlement and lived there. Those residences were there after called by Gamas. Gama is heritable property which were occupied sometimes only by members of a single joint family. According to the (Vinya), Gama means a place which may have consisted of even one single “Kuti” or two or more than that. Thus one ‘Kuti’ Gama means a hamlet.
In the Sri Lanka, Sinhalese settlements in particular were most probably confined to a few houses or perhaps to a single one. Although from some later edicts that there were few hamlets in some villages from a Gadaladeni inscription. So that the village Gadaladeni consisted of two hamlets known as Gadaladeni and Haridessa. Significantly, these villages still consist of these two hamlets. The presence of several hamlets in the village is a notable feature in present Sri Lanka.
An average Gama was considered to consist of covenant number of homesteads and all kinds of land attached to it. However the terms also indicate that dispersed settlements which may have included of even one single house with land. The Sinhalese period “Niyam-game” is the large number of villages.
“We feel that if we take games as settlements of kin-groups or occupational and professional groups the Nigama should be taken as agama composed of members of various groups, more or less integrated. The Nigama therefore should be considered as a large and complex Gama, bigger economic unit.” (Hettiarchchi, 1988, p.23)
In Sri Lanka period, the term Nigama is said that it is a village not covered by an enclosing wall but provided...
... middle of paper ...
... people needs known as “primitive and traditional”. The frequently used terms “primitive”, “traditional”, and “popular” are by no means equivalent. “Primitive” refers to cultures and cultural products that are essentially different from our technologically less advanced than those of the western countries and the great civilizations of the orient “Traditional” is usually taken to comprise all architecture thought of as uncultivated without a conscious style and unrelated to what we think as ‘official’ architecture in each spectrum of regional variants.
(Source: The primitive architecture, p21)
Previously going any further it is necessary to define the term traditional with reference to houses to its here thought of as a well as an architecture phenomenon. In this context it’s generally used with three distinct bit related meanings. First traditional houses form,
never for food. The name Karankawa was given to many bands of Indians in the area including
The land directly surrounding the settlement was usually flooded during the times of high water. In addition to this stretch, there were about eight hundred and fifty acres of heavily timbered forest lands on the island an...
Temples or Pyramids, or any building that does it’s job to honour the gods. Aztecs and Egyptians had a symbolic reasoning for showing extravagant ways to show appreciation the gods that do so much for them. For social classes, this isn’t something that really changes along with ages or civilizations. Although there might be slight differences, the main focal point is that there was the people who were recognised as lower class and middle and high class. Aztecs and Egyptians both had a leader or high class person that they follow to the end. Whether for Aztecs that was priest or Egyptians a Pharaoh, no matter what, Someone had more authority than a person that was just trying to make a living by building. Appearance can come in many shapes or forms when it comes to your civilization. Though what connects them all together is that Egyptians and Aztecs cared clearly about how they appeared. Even though Egyptians took care of more makeup and accessories, Aztecs cared more hygienic by bathing twice a day. Putting them together, you see that appearance is key to when comes to a civilization. It what them all connected but also uniquely
and the settlement set up will include a meeting house, a village commons, large open lots which is very large and it contains kitchens and places where animals are kept and agricultural highland. The highlands were beautiful fields divided into segments and planting and harvesting were done together as a family.
Due to Skara Brae being prehistoric, and therefore, writing had not yet been developed, any evidence found on the site is archaeological. This includes any physical remains or artifacts that help reveals anything about the settlement. An example of an obvious of evidence are the 8 huts that were inhabited for about 600 years by about 50-100 people at a time. These huts were originally built to be underground in order to insulate and protect their homes from the harsh elements that come with living close to the sea. However, due to the layout of the houses, it is suggested that people of Skara Brae were a close-knit community. This is supported by the evidence of stone passageways connecting the underground huts in a network of tunnels. Also, since the houses were all built to a similar design and the furnishings were very similar and placed in the same positions in all the huts, it is suggested that status was not that important and not weighed in terms of personal possessions. Instead, it is the community that was thought to be more central in the people’s lives during this time.
Print. Gardner, Helen, and Fred S. Kleiner. "Chapter 1: South and South East Asia Before 1200. " Gardner's Art through the Ages: Non-western Perspectives. Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2010.
Discuss and compare the interaction of nationalism and building style in three buildings or periods. What is the role of innovation and or appropriation in the representation of national identity and political ideology?
Classzone.com. Retrieved February 7, 2011, from http://www.lmoskal.net/worldhistory/whtext/ch22/W5E22BAD.pdf
Indian society was patriarchal, centered on villages and extended families dominated by males (Connections, Pg. 4). The villages, in which most people lived, were admini...
But these contrived differences give rise to esthetic difficulties too. Because inherent differences—those that come from genuinely differing uses—are lacking among the buildings and their settings, the contrivances repre...
There is a collective existence of different forms legal systems, because of the country’s diversity in culture, language and religion. This diversity is able to flourish in India only because of representation of different communities. Diversity and pluralism are acknowledged in India which safeguards the interests of different social groups and communities. This led to law being seen as necessarily pluralistic. However, after colonisation there was an effort made by the British to make law uniform, an essential condition in what was seen as ‘modern law’. Nonetheless, after independence an effort was made to have a pluralistic legal system as this would lead to better representation of different communities. This is how the Panchayati Raj system, a form of local self-government came about. Panchayats were reintroduced in 1992 after the British rule, and there a panchayat in every town of village. The people of the village elect the members of the ‘panch’, whose responsibility is the local administration of the village. In many places, gram panchayats are also known as gram sabhas. In this manner, different forms of legal pluralism shape everyday ordering and disputing in rural and urban India. They relate to formal law as well as customary legal orders equally. The two governance systems interact, which can be termed as formal law and traditional law. Customary law is also termed as unnamed law as it does not refer to a specific basis of
This idea led to two different types of neoclassicism: Structural and Romantic. Structural Classicism included buildings like prisons, hospitals, and railway stations. Those who followed this style believed that “the essence of architecture is construction. All stylistic transformations are merely the logical consequence of technical development.” In contrast, Romantic Classicism included museums and libraries. The style focused more on the landscape, symmetry, and balance (Frampton
Many synonyms have been used in literature to refer to informal settlements. These include spontaneous, irregular, unplanned, marginal and squatter settlements. Some literatures have used the terms slums and informal settlements interchangeably (UNHSP, 2003). While a clear definition for informal settlements is still difficult to find (ibid), some organisations have given descriptions of informal settlements....