Kale (1998) reported that vermicompost prepared from wastage of agriculture and industries contained different nutrient with organic carbon 9.15 to 17.98 per cent, total nitrogen 0.5 to 1.5 per cent, available phosphorous , 1.0 to 3.0 per cent, copper 2.0 to 9.5 ppm and iron 2.0 to 2.3 ppm.
Reddy and Reddy (1998) recorded 1.98 % N, 1.23 % P and 1.59 % K,132 mgKg-1 of total Zn, 70.05 mg Kg -1 of Cu, 1440.2 mg Kg -1 of Fe and 317.5 0mg Kg -1 of Mn in vermicompost produced from wastage.
Effect of vermicompost on soil:
The application of vermicast on depleted soil rejuvenates its fertility enriches soil with different nutrients, maintains its quality and plays important role in conserving biological and water resources.( Chaoui et al, 2003, Arancon et al,2006).
Earthworm for vermicomposting ingests microorganism and organic residues fragmented by gizzard which act as nutrient source for them. (Edwards and Bohlen, 1996), in the process of ingestion to production of cast the gut of earthworm secretes effective enzymes and mucus that is helpful in selective stimulation of microbial species which are beneficial in agriculture point of view. (Doube and Brown, 1998). The better and further microbial activity in the fecal material or cast of earthworm makes it better and fragmented than the matter that the earthworm has consumed. (Edwards, 1995). Earthworm has unique characterstics of inoculating soil with fine peat like ground organic residuals and microorganism which effectively contribute in soil flora and fauna with advancement in decomposition rate and later helps in ingesting the microorganisms by the earthworms.
The castings that are produced by earthworm are neutral in pH, and maintains the pH level of soil to neutrality, they are we...
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...storical time the seeds are soaked and plants are drenched with compost liquid extract for the purpose of fertilizing the crop and suppression of plant disease. (Rodale, 1967). Different experiments conducted had shown that compost tea has significantly increased plant health status, yield along with its nutritional quality. (Elad and Shtienberg, 1994; Al-Dahmani et al., 2003; Scheuerell and Mahaffee, 2004; Welke, 2005; Edwards et al., 2006). Compost teas, the water based extract use has been increasing to meet the nutrient requirement of the crop and as the consequences compost tea industries are increasing too. (Carpenter-Boggs, 2005).
Vermicompost has been found effective to suppress the plant disease and the expected mechanism by which Vermicompost suppress the plant disease are induced resistance, antibiosis and competition. (Scheuerell and Mahaffee, 2002).
nutritious to make good for eating. What’s bad in the soil is dismissed by the
In elementary school, we are taught by our teachers that fruit peels can be composted to recycle nutrients back into the soil where they came from. Composting food scraps is not a new idea by any means, but what if it was to be expanded into something much bigger? Recently, a study outlining the environmental impact of recycling digested food waste in comparison to that of chemical fertilizer was published by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. In the experiment, the scientists found that currently, the two were relatively equal in terms of general environmental impact, and that in order for the food waste fertilizer to prevail, further enhancements will have to be made to
...e involved in the plants carbohydrate metabolism. This response causes the plant’s cell walls to be rearranged and strengthened. THis would increase the plants resistance to infection and the uptake of harmful chemicals.
One of the most Important roles in the ecocolumn is the decomposers the decomposers are organisms like the earthworm which an organism usually invertebrates that decomposes organic material(1). These organisms are important since without them there would be lots of corpse lying around, fungi is another example of a decomposer.
Growing more organic food would result in more qualitative air and water. As far as organic food is grown mostly on small farms and the process excludes almost any use of pesticides or chemical stuff, organic farming does not create a threat of water and grounds contamination. Moreover, organic farms show a tendency to create more sustainable and richer soil layer due to crops rotations and use of organic composts. Crop rotations also reduce the exposure of plants to pests. The organic farming can also produce benefits in terms of slowing soil erosion and creating favorable environment for changing nutrient demands that are placed on the soil due to use of respective methods food production. In such way products grown on organic farms seem to include more valuable substances, like vitamins, iron, and other types of minerals. Thus, while growing organic food is imposing a positive impact on soils and decreases the intensity of pollution, it also results in higher contents of valuable substances in
By doing this, they later will dig their way back down into the ground and ultimately digest these nutrients back into the soil, but now closer to the roots of plants. Therefore, this mixes the nutrients throughout the soil. ("Science Fair Projects," ) These castings, which are worm feces, also play a large role in helping plant growth as well. Castings are more beneficial to plants, more so than chemical fertilizers. This is because that castings do not have to be broken down before they can be used by the plant, therefore they can be used directly once produced by the worm. Also, castings consist of different minerals that plants also need in order to grow as well as they help to lower the potential risks of diseases that can develop in the roots of plants, such as root rot. ( "Tasteful Garden, Worm," ) In addition, castings cause the soil to clump together. These clumps then act as storage unit systems for water, which can later then be accessed and put into use by the plant. ("How earthworms can," ) However, these ways are not the only ways Earthworms tend to assist the growth in
However, when the pH levels reach a certain stage, the iron can then precipitate out, coating sediments with the characteristic yellow, red or orange colourings (D.E.P. 2, 2002; U.S.G.S. ; U.S.E.P.A., 2002). The rate that A.M.D. advances is also influenced by the presence of certain bacteria (Doyle; U.S.G.S). A.M.D. that has dissolved heavy metals such as copper, lead and mercury can contaminate ground and surface water.
Biochar, an organic additive for soil amendment, influences to improve soil health, thereby, increasing crop yields and productivity through reduced soil acidity, and minimizing the needs of some chemical and fertilizer inputs (Glaser et al 2002 and Lehmann and Rondon 2006). Lehmann et al (2003), and Steiner et al (undated) further informed of rich moisture after the use of biochar as a soil amendment probably due to sorption property of biochar that retains more water, nutrients and agrochemicals in soils for utilization of crop thus reducing leaching and run-off to ground and surface waters. Although, biochar particles resemble with charcoal, the process of preparing this differs from the formers; and, widely used as a useful ingredient
Vermicomposting is worm composting, it’s a great way to recycle your carrot peelings, eggshells, coffee grinds, and used paper towels. Red wiggler worms can eat their body weight in food each day. As they eat, the worms create castings that are nutrient-rich organic matter. When castings mix with decomposed organic matter you wind up with compost full of beneficial microbes and nutrients that, when spread on a garden, help feed, nourish, and protect growing plants. According to a 1998 article in Bio-resource Technology, vermicompost is compared with high-grade horticultural compost "has desirable aesthetics, has reduced levels of contaminants and tends to hold more nutrients over a longer period, without impacting the environment. “It’s a win for everyone! In this document
Composting is the process of biodegrading the waste material in which an enormous number of materials like hydrocarbons, nitrogenous compounds, acids, their derivatives and even other organic and inorganic substances can be remediated from the environment (Finstein et al., 1986). Compost pro...
Compost is an easy solution to eliminating the waste that our environment brings, while at the same time, providing many benefits to us, and the environment. By using compost, it improves our plant growth by enriching the soil that it drinks its nutrients from. It helps us avoid buying soil amendments such as peat, bark mulch and bagged manure. Compost also loosens the heavy clay that is in our soil, while improving the capacity to hold water and adding essential nutrients.
...d female reproductive organs. An egg becomes fertilized when they rub clitellum. Earthworms play an important part in the environment. They break down organic matter and dig tunnels under the soil that help increase water and oxygen flow.
their activities within the soil that nutrient keep on recycling from the dead remains of
Soil is the most important non-renewable resource on any farm. Healthy soil is key to a good
One of the methods to recycle leftover foods was to produce soil fertilizer using a fermentation technology although it caused several problems due to its high saline concentration. Therefore, the best recycling method of food waste was to convert it into animal feed(Kim et al., 2011). Converting and recycling of leftover food into animal feed are very important because leftover food can contribute to not only decreasing import of feed ingredients but also decreasing environmental pollution (Yang et al., 2001).