Vaccines and the Prophylactic use of Antipyretics

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Background
Many parents express concern and worry over their child developing fever after receiving vaccines. Because of this, parents often choose to medicate their child with antipyretics in order to prevent this unpleasant side effect. According to Pedulla (2012), it was previously common practice by pediatric health care provides to recommend using an antipyretic prior to the administration of immunizations in order to reduce fever and discomfort experienced by the patient until a study done by Prymula and colleagues in 2009 showed evidence that these types of medications caused a decline in primary antibody response. Current practice in most pediatric clinics is not standardized when it comes to the administration of antipyretics and immunizations. There are healthcare providers who will order a dose of acetaminophen for a child to be given prior to administering immunizations, some providers send patients home with a prescription of acetaminophen or ibuprofen to be given once a child returns home, yet others tell parents to avoid the use of acetaminophen or ibuprofen until a child actually has a fever. So which practice is correct? Does the prophylactic use of antipyretics prior to the administration of immunizations decrease the efficacy of the vaccine? What education should be given to parents regarding the use of acetaminophen and ibuprofen before immunizations? These are the questions behind the proposal to research the outcomes of administering antipyretics, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, prior to immunization and its effect on vaccine effectiveness.

Statement of Significance
When it comes to immunizations, nurses are at the front lines. Most of all childhood immunizations are administered by nurses in a vari...

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...rics, 13(1), 98.
Simmons, S. (1990). The health-promoting self-care system model: Directions for nursing research and practice. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 15(10), 1162-1166. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01708.x
Sorensen, R., Paris, K. (2012). Assessing the immunologic response to vaccination. In R. Stiehm (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved from http://www.uptodateonline.com.
Sullivan, J.E., & Farrar, F.C. (2011). Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics, 127(3), 580-587.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). Code of federal regulations: Protection of human subjects. Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/commonrule/

Wallenstein, M. B., Schroeder, A. R., Hole, M. K., Ryan, C., Fijalkowski, N., Alvarez, E., & Carmichael, S. L. (2012). Fever literacy and fever phobia. Clinical Pediatrics, 52(3), 254-259. doi:10.1177/0009922812472252

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