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Characteristics of network media
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Computer networking, like most industries, has its own jargon, which includes technical terms, abbreviations, and acronyms. Without a good grasp of the terminology, it will be difficult to understand the concepts and processes involved in networking. A network interface card (NIC), pronounced "nick," is also called the LAN adapter, or just the network interface. This card typically goes into an ISA, PCI, or PCMCIA (PC card) slot in a computer and connects to the network medium. It then connects to other computers through the network media. Media refers to the various physical environments through which transmission signals pass. Common network media include twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber-optic cable, and even the earth's atmosphere through which wireless transmission occurs. A protocol is a set of rules. In the case of a network protocol, it is a set of rules by which computers communicate. The term "protocol suite" describes a set of several protocols that perform different functions related to different aspects of the communication process. Cisco IOS software which runs on Cisco equipment and devices, is the industry-leading and most widely deployed network system software. It delivers intelligent network services for enabling the rapid deployment of Internet applications.
Cisco IOS software provides a wide range of functionality, from basic connectivity, security, and network management to technically advanced services. The functionality of Cisco IOS software is the result of a technological evolution. First-generation networking devices could only store and forward data packets. Today, Cisco IOS software can recognize, classify, and prioritize network traffic, optimize routing, support voice and video applications, and much more. Cisco IOS software runs on most Cisco routers and Cisco switches. These network devices carry most of the Internet traffic today. Network operating system (NOS) usually refers to server software such as Windows NT, Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, Novell NetWare, UNIX, and Linux. The term sometimes refers to the networking components of a client operating system such as Windows 95 or the Macintosh OS. Connectivity devices refer to several different device types, all of which are used to connect cable segments, connect two or more smaller networks (or subnets) into a larger network, or divide a large network into smaller ones. The term encompasses repeaters, hubs, switches, bridges, and routers. Network applications
Network applications are software programs that run between different computers connected together on a network.
Some of the more common uses of network applications include using a web browser program to find content from the World Wide Web, or using an e-mail program to send e-mails over the Internet.
... access to what and in which sequence. The router connects the LAN to other networks, which could be the Internet or another corporate network so that the LAN can exchange information with networks external to it. The most common LAN operating systems are Windows, Linux, and Novell. Each of these network operating systems supports TCP/IP as their default networking protocol. Ethernet is the dominant LAN standard at the physical network level, specifying the physical medium to carry signals between computers, access control rules, and a standardized set of bits used to carry data over the system. Originally, Ethernet supported a data transfer rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). Newer versions, such as Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, support data transfer rates of 100 Mbps and 1 gigabits per second (Gbps), respectively, and are used in network backbones.
MAC Layer Connections: Management connections and data transport connections are two connections in this layer. The management connections have three types: basic, primary, and secondary. A basic connection and primary connection are created for each MS when they join the network. A basic connection is used for short and urgent management message. And a primary connection is used for delay-tolerant management messages. The secondary connection is used for IP summarized management messages such as dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP], and simple network management protocol [SNMP]. Transport connections can be provisioned or can be recognized on demand. They are used for user traffic flows. Unicast or multicast can be used for transmission.
A network can be based on either a peer-to-peer level or server-based, also referred to as domain-based. To distinguish the difference, a peer-to-peer network, also known as a workgroup, is a network in which a group of computers are connected together to share resources, such as files, applications, or peripherals. The computers in a peer-to-peer network are peers to one another, meaning no single computer has control over one another. There is also no central location for users to access resources, which means that each individual computer must share their files in order for other computers to have access (Muller, 2003, p.411). “In a peer-to-peer environment, access rights are governed by setting sharing permissions on individual machines.” (Cope, 2002) On the other hand, in a domain-based network, the computers connected together are either servers or clients. All of the other computers connected to the network are called client computers. The server is a dedicated machine that acts as a central location for users to share and access resources. The server controls the level of authority each user has to the shared resources. When logging on to the network, users on client machines are authenticated by the server, based on a user name and password (Lowe, 2004, p.13).
A switch can be used to make various connections. Ethernet, Token Ring, and various other types of packet switched network segments together to form a heterogeneous network operating at OSI Layer 2.
As the internet is becoming faster and faster, an operating system (OS) is needed to manage the data in computers. An Operating system can be considered to be a set of programed codes that are created to control hardware such as computers. In 1985 Windows was established as an operating system and a year earlier Mac OS was established, and they have dominated the market of the computer programs since that time. Although, many companies have provided other operating systems, most users still prefer Mac as the most secured system and windows as it provides more multiple functions. This essay will demonstrate the differences between windows
On the other hand, a computer network is a telecommunication network of computers that enables the networked computers to exchange data between each other. However, the Acceptable Use Policy of the computer systems and network still apply here. All the computer users are assigned a specific user ID as well as a specific password that enables them to access only the information that is allowed within their authority.
In today’s high-tech world connectivity to networks is extremely important for organizations to survive. Networking is possible of various machines like computers, laptops, cell phones etc.
So first and foremost we need to fully understand what is a network? A computer network is composed of multiple connected computers that communicate over a wired or wireless medium to share data and other resources. For instance, a home computer network may consist of two or more computers that share files and a printer using the network. The size and scalability of any computer network are determined both by the physical medium of communication and by the software controlling the communication. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2007) Computer network. Retrieved September 25, 2007 from (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network) Ok so then what is a Network System Administrator?.It is defined best by the U.S Department of Labor: Network administrators design, install...
Local Area Networks also called LANs have been a major player in industrialization of computers. In the past 20 or so years the worlds industry has be invaded with new computer technology. It has made such an impact on the way we do business that it has become essential with an ever-growing need for improvement. LANs give an employer the ability to share information between computers with a simple relatively inexpensive system of network cards and software. It also lets the user or users share hardware such as Printers and scanners. The speed of access between the computers is lighting fast because the data has a short distance to cover. In most cases a LAN only occupies one or a group of buildings located next to each other. For larger area need there are several other types of networks such as the Internet.
Have you ever needed to have more than one home computer for you and your family? Do you have two or more computers, but need to copy and/or share files and/or programs between them, but you don’t know how? Do all of your computers need Internet access, but you don’t want to have a phone line installed for each of them? Well, you can do all of this. I know, because this is what I did at my home. After doing research I found that there are several advantages for having your own Home Computer Network. Following, are several reasons to do this in your house.
Since the development of the Internet in late 1980s, communication has changed enormously. The Internet has altered the lives of people in the world in a way that was never imagined before. As little as a decade ago, if someone tried to explain the Internet and World Wide Web, it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to understand. Computers were just beginning to become popular and few individuals realized the capacity of one PC, let alone the power of a network of electronic technology. By linking together computers, users could remotely access others on the network, share information, and send electronic mail as easily as pushing a button. Millions of people with shared interests, exchange information and build communities through Web sites, email and instant-messaging software.
Electronic mail is rather a means of communication that is undergoing increasing progress around the world. E-mail messages can be sent across various sorts of networks, both locally and globally. Apart from the Internet there are thousands of local area networks and wide area networks that send millions more messages every day across diverse kinds of transmission cable. Electronic mail over the Internet, the world's greatest computer network, is experiencing exploding growth daily.
Knowing how to troubleshoot a network may be the most vital skill in the field of Information Technology and Network Administration. These positions fall into two very different categories; configuration and troubleshooting. Configuration tasks prepare for the expected and require detailed knowledge of system software, but are normally predictable. Once a system is properly configured there is rarely any reason to change it. In contrast, network troubleshooting deals with the unexpected. These issues are usually unique and sometimes difficult to resolve. Troubleshooting frequently requires knowledge that is conceptual rather than detailed. To approach a problem properly, you need a basic understanding of TCP/IP (Hunt & Thompson, 1998).
The Internet is a network of networks, linking computers to computers sharing the TCP/IP protocols. Each runs software to provide or "serve" information and/or to access and view information. The Internet is the transport vehicle for the information stored in files or documents on another computer. It can be compared to an international communications utility servicing computers. It is sometimes compared to a giant international plumbing system.
The first network ARPANET was a network with several computers that performed packet switching that was used to connect to each other by modems (Edwards and Bramante, 2009. p.29). Technological advances, network evolution, and type of communications have changed, but the basic building blocks of a network remain the same. A device to communicate from, a medium of communication, and a device to communicate with. The communication devices are no longer just a big and bulky computer in a University laboratory, they vary from personal computers, smartphones, ATM machines, to supercomputers, and any numerous other devices and new inventions introduced on regular basis. Regardless of the type, these communication devices require a way to enter a network, which are network interface cards, networks hubs, and modems. These are the devices that convert the data into a signal that can be transported over the network from one communication device to another (Edwards and Bramante, 2009). The medium of transmitting the signal can be wired or wireless. A wire communication depends on copper or fiber optic wires and the wireless communications using radio signals. The internet is comprised of numerous networks that control many aspects of everyday life spanning from the energy services to utilities, to telecommunications, transportation, finance, research,