Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction

Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased sugar level in their bloodstream. High blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes can be caused by inadequate insulin produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar, decreased insulin effects on peripheral tissue or effect of both factors together. A dysregulation in oxidative and glycolytic capacities of skeletal muscle also leads to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The disease most likely results from body weight gain, lack of physical activity, eating an unhealthy food, having high blood pressure or raised cholesterol levels and age, people over 40 years old have higher risk to get type 2 diabetes but now the disease is becoming more common in children, teens and young adults. Furthermore, the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes is also influenced by genetics. The disease can be recognised by its symptoms such as increased thirst and frequent urination because high level of sugar building up in the bloodstream causes fluid to be pulled from the tissues. This might make a patient feel thirsty. As a result, patient may drink and urinate more frequently. Increased hunger is one of type 2 diabetes symptoms when without enough insulin to move sugar into the cells, muscles and organs run out of energy. This make a patient feel hungry. Also fatigue is a very common symptom because cells are deprived of sugar, patient becomes tired and irritable. Furthermore, blurred vision is also common among individuals with type 2 diabetes. High blood sugar may cause fluid to be pulled from the lenses of eyes. This might affect the ability to focus clearly. Slow-healing sores and frequent infections and darkened skin can also appear in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This disease ...

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... physical activity, whole-body oxygen consumption increases. Skeletal muscle uses, at a greatly increased rate, its own stores of glycogen, triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs) derived from the breakdown of adipose tissue triglycerides and glucose released from the liver. Central nervous system function is preserved by remarkably well maintained blood glucose levels during physical activity. Hypoglycemia during physical activity does not occur often in nondiabetic individuals. The metabolic adjustments that maintain normoglycemia during physical activity are in large part hormonally mediated. A diminished level of plasma insulin and the presence of glucagon appear to be necessary during physical activity. In patients with type 2 diabetes, physical activity may improve insulin sensitivity and assist in reducing elevated blood glucose level into the normal range.