INTRODUCTION Urbanisation refers to peoples changing attitude towards social life and modernization. It is a process by which there is an increase in proportion of people living in urban area, leading to transformation of land for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes. The basic reason for increasing urbanisation is increase in the number of people moving into cities, for jobs, higher education, and better future prospective and for much higher quality of life. Urbanization allows for easier flow of information, more resistance to anti-progressive forces like nobles or religious officials, and more technological evolution. People grow and progress via trade and sharing, and urban environments allow this. Economic growth and urbanisation are inextricably linked in all the local, national and global context. RATIONALE Urbanisation in India has shown significant increase in the past two decades and there has been a considerable change in the people thinking and ways to look at social and global issues. Also the growth of Indian economy has improved a lot in the said duration. Is this change important specially in a country where agriculture has been a backbone and are we justifying with the nature and is the urbanisation not creating the gap between the different sections of people. All these have forced me to make a thorough study of the subject to analyse in real terms issues relating to urbanisation in India and its future impact on the social and cultural heritage of this country. KEY ISSUES Summary of all the key issues Urbanization began during the industrial revolution, when workers moved towards manufacturing hubs in cities to obtain jobs in factories as agricultural jobs became less common that is occupation... ... middle of paper ... ...wth and its benefit may reach to each and every sector of the society. LEARNING OUTCOME After going through the details on this topic I started realizing the importance urbanisation in India and how it plays a major role in the development of India, it got a sense of responsibility on me and made me think on this topic again, which is generally ignored or are not given much importance by the students of my age group. I do now believe that even our small contribution can make a difference in the world and help India grow. Works Cited http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_journals/files/2004/Volume1/Contents_Article_Jamaliah.pdf http://www.epa.gov/caddis/ssr_urb_urb1.html http://www.slideshare.net/MJ4950/1893207-635107471246657500 http://www.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/urban/chapter1.htm http://www.essayforum.com/writing-feedback-3/essay-urbanisation-7280/
Industrialization was a period of social and economic changes that transforms humans from rural lifestyle to
This is necessary as the vast majority of individuals migrating from rural to urban centers has been steadily increasing with the level of economic growth seen within the past twenty years as mentioned earlier. Unfortunately, this situation has further shown the structural issues and inequalities of cities, as most migrants end up having a poor quality of life living in informal settlements as highlight substantially by Boo. As a means of tackling this, however, the Indian government has turned its focus on investing rural regions, developing the agricultural sector. Specifically, Boo mentions that “the prime minister, Manmohan Singh, had come down from Delhi to express his concern for the farmers’ hardships, and the central government’s determination to relieve it” (p. 138). While this is definitely important funds are not being divided justly. For starters, between rural and urban areas almost all investments are being targeting towards rural regions, which is only addressing issues of inequality in one section of the country. Furthermore, across rural areas inequalities of investment are quite often overlooked. Although, “one of the governments hopes was to stop villagers from abandoning their farms and further inundating cities like Mumbai, but Asha’s relatives knew nothing of these celebrated relief programs” (p. 138). Therefore, even though
Since their birth these “Metropolises” have grown exponentially and today this trend shows no sign of letting up. Swallowing up the hundreds that flock to them every day beneath their endless canopy of corrugated rusted metal sheets. With many of these slums now staring at the possibility of redevelopment, I will explore the implications facing them by comparing Dharavi, a slum considered for development to a slum in Kolkata, which is currently already experiencing development.
“India is not, as people keep calling it, an underdeveloped country, but rather, in the context of its history and cultural heritage, a highly developed one in an advanced state of decay.” ― Shashi Tharoor
People’s kids moved from their parents’ farms to the cities as they were looking for work. Some children or young adults were forced and other moved voluntarily. Some factors that made people move was the jobs, better life than they had at home and just something different than farming. People who lived in the farms were unaware of how they would be treated in factories. They did not know that they would be beaten, forced to work twelve to sixteen hour says and were paid a very minimal wage. They thought by working in a factory their lives could change, they good make a fair amount of money and spend time with their families. But as people became aware, it was too late to go back to the agricultural age, more and more people suffered during the Industrial Age. But all this led to a positive outcome and now begins the population growth in the cities.
In my opinion, smaller cities are seeking for growth and they tend to grow alike those big cities. There will be more urbanism and modernism going on in the following 10 to 20 years in those smaller cities, especially the smaller cities in some developing countries. Since they do not fully understand the harms that urbanism may bring to the cities, it is more likely that most of them are still looking forward to growing. For bigger cities, they have already developed very well, so they are more likely to seek for more cultural development which means they may put most of their concentrations on how to improve their citizens’ happiness and living qualities. Those may be their top concern in the following years, and they will do more to fulfill their citizens’
India, the second highest populated country in the world after China, with 1.27 billion people currently recorded to be living there and equates for 17.31% (India Online Pages 2014) of the world's population, but is still considered a developing country due to it’s poverty and illiteracy rates. As these nations continue to grow at rates that are too fast for resources to remain sustainable, the government’s in these areas wi...
The mushrooming ofslums near the cities/urban centers, due to continuous flowof migrants from rural area to the urban area is consideredas a big challenge. A study done by economic and socialcommission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP, 1991)observed that “migration from rural to urban areas continuesat a rapid pace in many countries of the region, and it wasoften beyond the capacity of towns, cities and metropolitanareas to cope with the increasing numbers. The increasingtrends of rural to urban migration should be seriouslyreviewed in the context of development of slums in urbanarea. No doubt, migration is essential for development and itis a desirable phenomenon but what is not desirable is theincreasing flow of distressed migrates from rural to urbanarea which results into overcrowding of cities anddevelopment of slums. Migration and slums are inextricablylinked, as labor demand in cities and the resulting rural to urban migration creates greater pressures to accommodatemore people. Much of the growth of slums is due to themigration of people of economically weaker sections fromrural area to urban area. It has been observed that rural labormigrates towards urban areas and settled down in slum. Thegreat slums of India are predominantly created because largenumbers of individuals or families move to the urbancenters of their dreams, usually in search of better economicprospects. As per census 2011, 68 million Indians lived inslums, comprising one-quarter of the population of India’s19 cities with more than 1 million residents. In Mumbaialmost 50 percent population lives in slums and in Kolkata32percent of the population lives in slums. The slum growthin the cities through fresh arrivals from the countrysideincreases competition for limited resources. Twenty-five percent of urban households have no access to drinking waterwithin their premises, 22 per cent have no bathroom,
Urbanization is a common phenomenon in a country, particularly developing countries such as Indonesia. Urbanization occurs due to factors push and pull that causes people switching to another area. The dominant factor is the economic problem. The reason people move from one area to another in order to increase the community's economy and find better economic resources. It usually occurs in rural communities who migrated to urban area, because they expect a good job there and in urban area able to give their lives more colorful, and hope recording for better pay and higher if living in a urban area. Some factors pointed to drive increased urbanization, such as: First, differences in growth and inequality between village
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).
Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, B.R. Ambedkar shared a common desire for a strong Indian modern state however despite their ambitions for Indian state development, the modern Indian state demonstrates its modernity through its relationship between state corruption and urban development. This short paper will demonstrate how the political ideas of Gandhi, Nehur, and Ambedkar compare to and differ from the modern Indian state’s development.
Cities all over the world are developing. As war ended in 1942, a significant number of people move to the city because they want to improve life. This urbanization process is causing a number of problems and should be met by sustainable development policies. In the beginning, it is important to know the definition of sustainable development. There are some definitions for sustainable development, but simply they say that sustainable development is a development which using resources now and preserving them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p.137). This concept has been agreed internationally at a Rio Conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies which mostly known as “Agenda 21” principles (Adams, 1999, p.141). This paper will show that traffic jams and housing problems caused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solutions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems.
Urbanization in developed countries in the West differs between the periods of before and after the Industrial Revolution. Before the revolution, the pre-capitalism cities were the center for government power and commercial activities. They emphasized communal living. However, together with the appearance of the Industrial Revolution and capitalism, cities experienced sudden increase of population. And, that increase caused socioeconomic change that the importance of communal living diminished and relationships became capitalistic. The traditional relationship between people changed to impersonal and instrumental social relationship.
The industrial Revolution, starting in late 18th century, had a significant urbanizing effect. Industrialization is the basic driving force of urbanization and urbanization, cities, are the important land for industrialization. Industrialization and urbanization are just like brothers that grow and develop together and developed each other (Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia, 1997). Industrialization is the initiator of urbanization and urbanization is the inevitable result of industrialization. The inventions of railroad tracks, automobiles, telephones, airplanes and electricity are a part of industrialization and the growth of cities, urbanization, during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization.