Universal health insurance system in Ireland vision (2012-2015): is aiming for a single-tier health service which provides equal access to all based on need, not ability to pay delivering the best health outcomes for the Irish citizens. (1) Graph -1- The Universal Health Insurance (UHI) system vision (2) The WHO has stated that UHI once implemented appropriately has shown to improve health indicators (as infant mortality life expectancy) and prove service user satisfaction, lowers the costs of healthcare when compared with other funding methods and contribute to a stronger economic development, including a reduction of poverty levels so will pay back the budget invested in it. (2) UHI coverage also called Social Health Insurance (SHI) can be looked upon as a cube with three dimensions (see below) each dimension is representing a vital area that has to be addressed when considering UHI policy, the smaller filled cube represents the actual available free health services for the population and the bigger cube represents free good quality health services for all (social solidarity) which is funded from the prepaid pooled funds. (2) The free health services for all is not happening for the time being because of financial constraints but the coverage area will expand with time as more resources become available from back pay of the initial UHI coverage. (2) Graph 2 -The three dimensions of coverage decision (3) The health sector in Ireland is in a critical situation and by looking at different models over the globe the Irish policy makers were inspired by the Dutch health system, arguing that “The Netherlands spends only slightly more than us on health on a per capita basis, but has minimal waiting lists and is ranked number one i... ... middle of paper ... ...ams. JAMA 2012, 307:2153–2154. (16) Culyer AJ: Hic sunt dracones: the future of health technology assessment–one economist's perspective. Med Decis Making 2012, 32:E25–E32. (17) Kutzin J. Health financing for universal coverage and health system performance: concepts and implications for policy. World Health Organization. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2013 08; 91(8):602-11. (18) Claire Daley and James Gubb Healthcare Systems: The Netherlands Updated by Emily Clarke (December 2011) and Elliot Bidgood (January 2013) (19) Bakx, P., de Meijer, C., Schut, F. and van Doorslaer, E. (2014), GOING FORMAL OR INFORMAL, WHO CARES? THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE. Health Econ.. doi: 10.1002/hec.3050 (20) Moreno-Serra R, Smith PC. Does progress towards universal health coverage improve population health? The Lancet 2012 Sep 08;380(9845):917-23.
Access to healthcare provides financial stability by assuring people that they will not be financially destroyed by injury or illness. Additionally, when people can afford regular medical care they tend to avoid chronic problems and financial stress. In a study provided by the American Medical Students Association, researchers reviewed the costs and benefits of universal health care. They came to the conclusion, after reviewing other articles and statistics from multiple sources, that, “The annual cost of diminished health and shorter life spans of Americans without insurance is $65-$130 billion.” (Chua 5) This comes from people not having adequate health care and then losing their jobs because they...
Universal health care refers to any system of health care managed by the government. The health care system may cover different programs including government run hospitals and health organizations and programs targeted at providing health care. Many developed countries such as Canada and United Kingdom have embraced universal health care with the United States being the only exception. The present U.S health care system has often been considered inefficient in terms of cost control as millions of Americans remain uncovered. This has made it the subject of a heated debate characterized by people who argue that the country requires a kind of socialized system that will permit increased government participation. Others have tended to support privatized health care, or a combined model of private and universal health care that will permit private companies to offer health care for a specific fee. Universal healthcare has numerous advantages that remain hidden from society. First, the federal government can apply economies of scale in managing health facilities which would reduce health care expenses. Second, all unnecessary expenses would be eliminated by requiring all states to bring together all the insurance companies into a single entity whose mandate would be to provide health insurance to all people. Lastly, increased government participation will guarantee quality care, improve access to medical services and address critical problems relating to market failure.
Martins (2008), concludes that “universal health care is extremely important to all” (p.429). But, a study conducted in Canada, on the accessibility of health care in a universal health care system, found that “20% participants had an Ontario health insurance number but were not in possession of their health insurance card… which almost all health providers require to be presented at each visit” (Hwang et al., 2010, p.1455). This shows that it is not a fact of inaccessibility but it shows that the health care systems are not being advertised as they should be. Only 40% of veterans were found to have insurance (O’Toole et al., 2007, p.447). But the study also showed that 90% of the vets were eligible for coverage.
In recent years, the number of Americans who are uninsured has reached over 45 million citizens, with millions more who only have the very basic of insurance, effectively under insured. With the growing budget cuts to medicaid and the decreasing amount of employers cutting back on their health insurance options, more and more americans are put into positions with poor health care or no access to it at all. At the heart of the issue stems two roots, one concerning the morality of universal health care and the other concerning the economic effects. Many believe that health care reform at a national level is impossible or impractical, and so for too long now our citizens have stood by as our flawed health-care system has transformed into an unfixable mess. The good that universal healthcare would bring to our nation far outweighs the bad, however, so, sooner rather than later, it is important for us to strive towards a society where all people have access to healthcare.
Universal healthcare: a term feared by many politicians due to the communist connotation, but is it really all that bad? Over 58 countries have some sort of universal health coverage, such as England and France which have single payer healthcare meaning the government provides insurance for all citizens and pays for all healthcare expenses. The United States of America has insurance mandated healthcare meaning the government requires all citizens to purchase insurance, usually provided through their jobs. In America, over 45 million people are uninsured, 20,000 of which will die by the end of the year compared to England or Frances were all residents, legal or not, are covered.
A health care system that provides free health care services to its entire citizen can be termed as universal health care. This is a situation where all citizens are protected from financial costs in health care. It is recognized around the globe as it provides a specific package of benefits to all citizens in the entire nation. For instance, free health care can result to improved health outcomes. In addition, it provides financial risk protection and an improved access to health services. There is an increasing debate on how citizen should be provided with free medical services. Although United State does not permit free health care services it should have free health care for all citizens. This is due to the fact that healthcare is the largest industry in United State. Due to the fact that United State is a rich country, it should have a healthcare system that provides free services such as treatment for its entire citizen. This will play a significant role, as it will stop medical bankruptcies in...
The World Health Organization defines universal health care as, “ensuring that all people can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.” This means that every citizen of a country will have access to health care; if someone cannot attain it themselves, then the government will provide it. This topic is controversial because the state provides health care funding for every citizen; it can easily be described as being socialistic. Also, without state provided care, every citizen may not have access to the level of care needed due to costs. This topic is especially relevant because thirty two of the thirty three developed nations have universal health care with the United States as the exception. However, recently the United States has adopted the Affordable Care Act, which possess traits of universal health care. Universal health care is not a good choice for society for three reasons. The first is that it lowers quality of care. Also, the whole system and the way it is set up could certainly be a burden on taxpayers and the government which could lead to some major debts. Third, it would be easy for people to abuse the system.
Feldstein, J.P. (2011). Health Policy Issues: An economic perspective (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: HAP &AUPHA.
In the USA the quality and quanity of primary care will render better health for the people. Universal healthcare, “will be associated with better population health outcomes including lower mortality rates, rates of premature death and hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and higher infant birth weight, life expectancy, and satifaction with the healthcare system”(Niti, Ng). “Studies in the US have also indicated that universal healthcare availabitity in community is correlated with both better health outcomes and decrease in utilization of more expensive types of health services” (Chang). Broader health care coverage leads to tremendous population health improvements. There are 45 million people in the USA that are uninsured, with universal healthcare every person will have access to care. This could mean life or death for many people, if they can catch an illness early that is improved healthcare. This should be obvious to the average person, the thought process should be to say yes the USA needs universal
In conclusion, the ultimate significance to this type of work is to improve the quality of healthcare in these extremely impoverished nations. This argument is represented in Tracy Kidder’s Mountains Beyond Mountains, Monte Leach’s “Ensuring Health Care as a Global Human Right”, and Darshark Sanghavi’s “Is it Cost Effective to Treat the World’s Poor.” The idea that universal healthcare is a human right is argued against in Michael F. Cannon’s “A “Right” to health care?” Cannon claims that it would not work, and fills the holes that the other authors leave in their arguments. All of these articles share the same ultimate goal, and that is to provide every individual with adequate health care, and to not let so many people die from things that could easily have been prevented or treated.
To further understand the US healthcare system and put in context how health coverage is provided to its population it is important to compare the US health system to another country like the Netherlands. In the Netherlands healthcare coverage has been achieved through competitive insurance markets similar to the US and the Dutch government does not control prices, productive capacity or funds but instead only acts as a regulator (Daley & Gubb, 2011). In 2006 the Dutch government held healthcare reforms because the country faced an issue that was very similar to the US, in regards to healthcare coverage inequalities, the population was covered through private and public health insurance, with stable private health insurance for the wealthy and unstable public insurance which lacked patient focus and was inefficient in comparison (Daley & Gubb, 2011). Many factors called for healthcare reformation in the Netherlands like a disarranged structure that ineffectively controlled cream skimming, lack of competitive incentives that for insurance companies resulting in bad performance, and the rising premiums
Newman, Alex. “Examining Healthcare: A Look Around the Globe at Nationalized Systems.” The New American. 15 Sep. 2008: 10. eLibrary. Web. 04 Nov. 2013.
Kuttner, Robert. ?The Efficiency of Universal Health Care.? Boston Globe. 12 February 2000. http://www.globe.com/dailyglobe2/044/oped/The_efficiency_of_ universal_health_careP.shtml
Missoni, E. (2013). Understanding the impact of global trade liberalization on health systems pursuing universal health coverage. Value in Health, 16, S14-S18
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...