Establishing a nation
The world is filled with countries populated by people of all ethnicities, creeds, and religions; just enough to make each nation unique from one another. If there is anything about history, it is that the creation of any nation usually requires unification from within and independence. One such country is the United Arab Emirates, a sovereign nation nestled between Saudi Arabia and Oman, resting on a peninsula in the Persian Gulf. This prosperous nation is home to 8.3 million people and contains a diverse group of ethnicities including Emiratis, South Asians, and Arabs (United Arab Emirates, 1). In addition to this, the predominant religion in this country is Islam, but is also home to Christians and Hindus as well. The establishment of the United Arab Emirates dates back to the late 18th century when it was known as the Trucial States of the Coast of Oman (Trucial States, 1). The Trucial States included the following: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Sharjah, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah, Dibba, Hamriyah, Fujairah, Kalba, and Heera. Each of these states was known as “sheikdoms”, a political terminology used to refer to the geographical area that a sheik or leader was responsible for ruling (Trucial States, 1).
During the late 18th century the Trucial States formed a relationship with the United Kingdom. Both the United Kingdom and the Trucial States signed the Treaty of 1892, which would allow the United Kingdom to protect trades headed to and from India to Arab countries near the Persian Gulf, including the Trucial States. Another part of the agreement between the Trucial States and the United Kingdom was not to engage in any relationships with foreign governments besides the British (History of the United Arab...
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...e United Arab Emirates, 1).
Each sheikdom would now be referred to as an emirate and the appointed sheiks would be known as emirs. The United Arab Emirates now consists of the following lands: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Sharjah, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah, and Fujairah. The other four lands; Dibba, Hamriyah, Kalba, and Heera were incorporated and shared by the emirates that possess the closest proximity with each of them. As a part of the process of unification, the UAE would dispose of the previous currency, the Indian rupee also known as the Gulf rupee, which was issued by the government of India at the time. The depreciation of the rupee prompted the new nation as well as several other Gulf countries to instate their own currencies to reflect their countries economic system (Trucial States, 1). The new currency for the UAE would be known as the Emirati dirham.
SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II, A ROMANTICISED ‘SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP’ between the United States and Britain has been referenced on countless occasions in speeches, books, and essays by academics and statesmen on both sides of the Atlantic. The relationship has multiple definitions, with no precise doctrine or formal agreement that outlines its tenets, and has been apparent in a myriad of interactions between the two countries.
Balil Rogers 10-5-14 HIST 100: United States History I Treaty of Paris During the 18th century, the British and the American colonies had many differences in the Americas. British troops looked down on the colonies. The colonies couldn’t proceed with the cruel treatment from the British and later revolted due to the Treaty of Paris. The British didn’t respect the Indians either.
The Peace of Amiens did not last long after it’s signing on March 27, 1802, to end the European wars between the allied France and Spain, and Great Britain, with the United States now neutral due to the coup of the French monarchy. Neither France, nor Britain upheld the treaty, and hostilities were reassumed. In 1805, Britain seized and condemned the US vessel Essex, engaging in trade with French West Indies. A year later, it was reported that Britain had seized over 120 American vessels. In April of 1806 Congress passed a non-importation act excluding trade with many British products.
• The War of 1812 was similar to Jefferson’s Barbary conflict. American sailors were being impressed by England. The Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States House of Representatives stated in their report, “The non-intercourse and non-importation laws, which invited the return of both powers to their former state of amicable relations, by offering
The formation of states and political legitimacy has most of the time been intertwined with the religious authority that resided in the state. In Christian Europe, the church was the initial source of legitimacy post-Roman Empire. The rise and fall (and rise again) of the Catholic church and the Protestant Reformation help shaped state structures and ultimately, the rise of the secular state. In contrast, in Dar-al-Islam, there was a unique and changing relationship between the state and the ulamas because politics and religion was more or less in the same realm. In some instances, the state and ulamas remained relatively separate but in other cases, the ulamas became the
“One Arab nation from Gulf to the Ocean,” gives meaning to the term “Pan-Arabism” in the Middle East. A notion where Arab nations transcend their state boundaries to form political mergers with other states and achieve an ‘Arab unity.’ The existence of Arab states had been tumultuous throughout the decline of the Muslim order, the end of the Ottoman Empire, the Palestinian defeat, Six Day War and Arab-Israeli war in 1973. This essay will critically examine Foud Ajami’s case for a raison d’état in the Middle East and his claim that there were six broad trends leading to the alteration of the balance of power away from Pan-Arabism and towards the state. It will be argued that Pan-Arabism was a romantic ideology that Arab states found convenient to support, all in advancement of their nationalistic state agendas. It was never a realistic endeavor that was physically undertaken by the Arab states and was thus never alive in a tangible sense. However, Pan-Arabism as an ideology had a place in the Middle East and was thus alive in an ideological sense.
The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 during the time when the Articles of Confederation were the United State’s national government. In the treaty, Great Britain recognized the United States of America as its own independent nation with the Mississippi River as the western boundary of the new nation ("Treaty of Paris (1783)”, 1783; Wallis). However, other foreign nations recognized the weakness of the United State’s central government under the Articles of Confederation. Britain continued to keep a stronghold in North America by utilizing trading posts in the Northwest Territory, which directly violated the Treaty of Paris ("Treaty of Paris (1783)”, 2015). Other foreign nations also generally avoided trading with the United States as the nation could not guarantee its agreements would be enforced under the Articles of Confederation ("Economic and the Articles"). The new nation’s inability to tax, enforce laws, regulate commerce, or pay back debts earned little respect from European superpowers. The lack of respect from other foreign nations and the United State’s weak government under the Articles of Confederation had the inexperienced nation heading towards a foreign diplomatic
The Middle East has historically rebuked Western influence during their process of establishing independence. When Britain and France left the Middle East after World War II, the region saw an unprecedented opportunity to establish independent and self-sufficient states free from the Western influence they had felt for hundreds of years. In an attempt to promote nationalistic independence, the states of the region immediately formed the League of Arab States in 1945. The League recognized and promoted the autonomy of its members and collaborated in regional opposition against the West until 1948 when Israel declared independence. Israel represented then and now an intrusive Western presence in the Arab world. The ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict typifies this cultural antagonism. The Cold War refocused attention to the Middle East as a site of economic and strategic importance for both sides, yet the two hegemons of the Cold War now needed to recognize the sovereignty of the Middle Eastern states. With their statehood and power cemented, the Middle Easte...
Great Rapprochement - Many American diplomats began to create new friendships and relations with people of Great Britain. Theses relations began in the end of the nineteenth century.
Gettleman, Marvin E.. The Middle East and Islamic world reader. Rev. and expanded ed. New York, NY: Grove Press, 2012. Print.
His Highness Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, founder of the United Arab Emirates, or UAE, stated, “The greatest use that can be made of wealth is to invest it in creating generations of educated and trained people.” From its conception, the United Arab Emirates was founded on the importance of education. Since it’s founding in 1971, the small country’s population has risen to over nine million people. This dramatic rise in population was a cause for the dramatic investment the countries government has put into its education system. In 1975, the rate of adult literacy was 54% among men and 31% among women, while today, literacy rates f...
Singapore as a country has had various transformations throughout its history, however the period 1950 and 1970 was quite critical. Much of these changes had a lot to do with the development of trade and manufacturing. This is without forgetting the financial sector where the intention was to come up with a financial hub that could be used in economic development. Looking at the case of Singapore, we would say that it is a productive economy with a very high market competition. This observation has been further clarified by the Swiss International Institute for Management Development, going with their report that they released in the year 2001 (Chellaraj & Mattoo, 2009). In this study, we intend to evaluate the case of political economy of development in Singapore and examine the tensions between the state and various economic institutions. In additions to examining this institution, we would also like to examine how these variables have contributed towards the attainment of favorable growth rates and economic prosperity.
Nigeria Nigeria had an eventful history. More than 2,000 years ago, the Nok culture in the present plateau state worked iron and produced experienced terracotta sculpture. The history of the northern cities of Kano and Katsina dates back to approximately 1000 A.D. In the following centuries, Hausa Kingdoms and the Bornu Empire became important terminals of north-south trade between North African Berbers and the forest people, exchanging slaves, ivory, and other products. The Yoruba Kingdom of Oyo was founded in 1400s.
An example of a modern nation-state is Egypt. Egypt’s identity is closely tied to its location and their long history. Egyptian’ are and Arabic speaking nation-state with a diverse culture and heritage as a modern nation-state. Their development, over the centuries, saw conflicting beliefs but, most Egyptians today see themselves, their history, culture, and language as specifically Egyptian. Mr. Kamel states that the, “Egypt’s leading roles in Middle Eastern in cultural and political affairs, generally dominates Egypt’s relations with other nations. In turn, this either broadens or limits the scope of choices and opportunities available domestically” (Kamel, 1999).
UAE consists of seven emirates : Abu Dhabi ,Dubai , Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah , Ras Al Khaimah and Umm Al-Quwain which is a federal state. Sheikh Zayed is one of the foundations of the Union on the second of december 1971 , where the Sheikh Zayed converts Emirates of empty desert into a green paradise . Consists state emblem is a science that combines four colors red , white , green and black . National anthem is the anthem Emirates National , which echoes in every morning in most government and private institutions . Abu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi is one of the most world cities sophisticated in terms of modern infrastructure fit its position as a hub economic and political to the United Arab Emirates are They combine its role as a destination for business and tourist destination from shopping in shopping malls Superior to swap in traditional markets as well as enjoy the miles of sand golden beaches to break in one of the public parks in the city and dine at five-star hotel to the safari distinctive and enjoyable , and famous Emirate and the largest in terms of area is Dubai . Arabic is the official language of all the people of the United Arab Emirates . System of government is a federal system known from time immemorial . The head of state , Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan , who is also Ruler of Abu Dhabi , who succeeded his father, Sheikh Zayed , the Minister is the Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum . Emirates has an area of approximately 83,600 km 2 ( 116 ) and estimate the proportion of water in which 1.1 percent , also the population of the United Arab Emirates to a 8.264 million rate of a million that have been counted in 2011 before 3 years . The population density of t...