Spike Lee Kevin Smith and Alfred Hitchcock as Film Auteurs
In the film industry, there are directors who merely take someone else’s vision and express it in their own way on film, then there are those who take their own visions and use any means necessary to express their visions on film. The latter of these two types of directors are called auteurs. Not only do auteurs write the scripts from elements that they know and love in life, but they direct, produce, and sometimes act in their films as well. Three prime examples of these auteurs are: Kevin Smith, Spike Lee and Alfred Hitchcock.
The auteur theory is a view on filmmaking that consists of three equally important premises: technical competence, interior meaning, and personal signature of the director. Auteur is a French word for author. The auteur theory was developed by Andrew Sarris, a well-known American film critic. Technical competence of the Auteur deals with how the director films the movie in their own style. Personal signature includes recurring themes that are present within the director’s line of work with characteristics of style, which serve as a signature. The third and ultimate premise of the Auteur theory is the interior meaning which is basically the main theme behind the film.
Auteur theory holds that, ‘a director’s films reflect that director’s personal creative vision, as if he/she were the primary author. From the earliest silent films to contemporary times motion pictures have crossed over and both entertained and educated the viewing audience.
Auteurism is a term first coined by Francois Truffaut to describe the mark of a film director on his films. A director can be considered an auteur if about five of his film depict a certain style that is definitely his own. In other words, much like one can look at a painting and tell if it is a Monet, a Renoir, or a Degas, if a film director is an auteur, one can look at his film and tell by style and recurring themes that it was made by a certain director. In auteur films, the director is many times what brings an audience to the theater, instead of the actors or storyline. I am going to take a look at three of the most noted auteurs: Frederico Fellini, Satyajit Ray, and Alfred Hitchcock.
Though criticism has taken on a negative connotation in the English language, and artists can fear or reject it, criticism is not inherently bad. In fact, both Wharton and Carrol claim that positive and negative (constructive) criticisms are beneficial to the artist and their audience. According to Wharton, artists use professional criticism to see how others may perceive their work. By obtaining that secondary viewpoint, the artist can use the critic’s educated analysis to improve a specific work or their art in general (Wharton, 42). In addition, a critic’s interpretation of a work of art is perfect for determining how off-centered their intended outcome for the work is, and what to refine in order to convey their message clearer in the next iteration or masterpiece. Regarding the audience, Carrol supports by asserting that, “The common reader expects guidance from the critic concerning what is worthy in an artwork” (Carrol 14). As oftentimes the audien...
The auteur theory was originally "an invention of French critics who maintained that directors are to movies what poets are to poems" ("Knockin' on Heaven's Door"). As expected, the auteur theory also made its way to America and had begun its influence on Hollywood. A key person in the influence of the auteur theory in America, Andrew Sarris, expanded upon the ideology as a "novel idea that the director is the sole author of his work, regardless of whatever contribution the writers, producers, or actors may make" ("Knockin' on Heaven's Door"). This ideology, more or less, then began to be subconsciously adopted by both the public and industry. People began ranking directors in hierarchies, differentiating them, analyzing them, and coming to realize each director's distinctive touch. Specifically, people began to do this by seeking out an auteur's "common stylistic traits, formal permutations, and thematic constructs" (Gomery and Pafort-Overduin 182). At the time, though, Hollywood directors still had to stay loyal to the Classical Hollywood Narrative Style, otherwise, they would "be forced out of the system altogether" (182). At the end of the day, however, directors were still able to "thrive within the rigid constraints of the Hollywood studio system, regularly turning out intense, moving films"
Alfred Hitchcock’s 1960 film Psycho challenged the strict Motion Picture Production Code in Hollywood through the film’s stunning demonstrations of violence and sexual nature that exposed audiences to an aspect of narrative that had seldom existed in cinema beforehand. In 1998, Gus Van Sant delivered his own particular translation of Hitchcock’s iconic film, which was criticized for being a copy as opposed to a remake, owing to it being nearly identical in both script and scene. The discourse concerning these two films has yet to address the unmistakable distinction of authorship, a component film scholars characterize as the auteur theory. As with the discussion of auteur theory, film scholars Andrew Sarris, Peter Wollen and Virgina Wright
What is an auteur? Answer this question with detailed reference to one film director: Alfred Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcock is one of the most well known names in the world of cinema. Auteur is the French corresponding word for the English word 'author'. An auteur is a filmmaker whose individual style and control over all the elements of the production gives the film its personal stamp. Hitchcock clearly establishes himself as an auteur in his films 'Rear Window' (1954) and 'Shadow of a Doubt' (1943). He does this through his distinctive filmography, use of voyeurism and continuous motifs. Hitchcock has full control over all his work and carries his own personal stamp throughout each film.
Out of Hollywood a few great talents arise. One such individual is Alfred Hitchcock, who directed numerous feature films and led the way for innovative camera techniques that are still implemented today. In his films, Rear Window (1954) and The Birds (1963), he explores mysterious situations, murder and bird attacks respectively, that center on a leading man and the supporting roles of women. One common theme is the distinctive roles of women, depending on relation to the man, to the leading man’s ultimate success. According to the Auteur theory, which claims that the director creates the film in his vision, these movies are embedded with Hitchcock’s own perspective and beliefs (White 111). Alfred Hitchcock believes, as shown through his feature