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theoretical perspective of human trafficking
theoretical perspective of human trafficking
theoretical perspective of human trafficking
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In 2013, the ILO (International Labour Organization) reported the Middle East to be the primary destination for trafficking victims, as they calculated that there are around 600,000 forced labour victims within the region to date (13). This seemingly widespread issue of human trafficking within the Middle East has been subject to significant media coverage and global debate. There are three major elements at the centre of this debate: issues around the interpretations of the widely accepted UN’s Palermo Protocol’s definition of human trafficking, concerns in regards to the depictions of victims of human trafficking, and questions regarding what are the most effective strategies in preventing certain kinds of trafficking. As much of the media coverage, research, and policies have tended to focus on sex trafficking of women and girls within the Middle East, Mahdavi and Sargent argue in “Questioning the Discursive Construction of Trafficking and Forced Labour in the United Arab Emirates” that this has overshadowed “the instances of forced labour experienced by migrant workers outside of the sex industry” (9). Thus diverting attention away from a needed reform of the kafala system in which could have the capacity to address the issue of human trafficking and migrant rights on a broader scale (13). While the 2013 ILO report, “Tricked and Trapped: Human Trafficking in the Middle East” signifies a step forward within the discourses of human trafficking within the region (as its research is focused on those who work outside of the sex industry), Mahdavi and Sargent highlight the need for deeper understandings of the many forms that human trafficking can take as well as the need for the opportunity for victims to “contribute their own nar...
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...icking in the Middle East as well as looking past gender, racial, and classist biases that may affect their perceptions of human trafficking and who it inherently affects. Migrant workers remain the most vulnerable to trafficking within the region and thus a reform of the kafala system as well as policies directed specifically at protecting migrant workers seem to be some of the crucial elements in the preventing forced labour and poor conditions of workers within the region.
Works Cited
Haroff-Tavel, Helene, and Alix Nasri. Tricked and Trapped: Human Trafficking in the
Middle East. Beirut: International Labour Oraganization, 2013. Web.
Mahdavi, Pardis, and Christine Sargent. "Questioning the Discursive Construction of
Trafficking and Forced Labor In the United Arab Emirates." Journal of Middle
East Women's Studies 7.3 (2011): 6,35,130-131. ProQuest. Web.
Prior and existing knowledge of trafficking reveals a general understanding of the term trafficking, and, minimal insight into the factors that encourage it. Though this information may appear to be a sufficient basis for understanding human trafficking, the author explicitly affirms the “serious” need for more information related to the field. In addition to ...
Human trafficking has been entwined into the structure of governments, arms trade, drug trade, and even spreads as far as terrorism. For many years it has been a fact that the money that has been made by selling other humans to the highest bidder. It is also known that the organized crime operations generate one of the most profitable resources to the organization. These organizations use this money for theirs or other’s crime and end up in the hands of drug lords. Drug lords, in order to promote their own business give money to support terrorist groups and activities. Security after September 11, 2001 has recognized human trafficking as a national and international security risk.
Mohajerin, S. K. (2006). Human trafficking: Modern day slavery in the 21st century. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 12(3), 125-132.
In order to understand how sex trafficking affects its victims, one must first know the severity of sex trafficking and what it is. The issue of sex trafficking affects 2.5 million people at any given time (Abas et al., 2013). The form of sex slavery affects many women and children across the world. Even though both males and females are sexually trafficked and exploited, there is a deep emphasis on the sexual exploitation of women and children. This is due to gender discrimination (Miller, 2006). This is because women and children are more vulnerable and appeal to the larger populations of brothels and the so-called “clients” since the majority are men. Ecclestone (2013) stated that children as young as age three are trafficked. Sex trafficking has changed over time; “Today, the business of human sex trafficking is much more organized and violent. These women and young girls are sold to traffickers, locked up in rooms or brothels for weeks or months, drugged, terrorized, and raped repeatedly” (Walker-Rodriguez & Hill, 2011). It is found that many of the victims of sex trafficking are abducted, recruited, transported and forced into involuntary “sex work”. These sexual acts include prostitution, exotic dancing, pornography, and sexual escort services (McClain & Garrity, 2011). What happens to these sex trafficking victims is extremely traumatizing.
As victim count continues to rise, its difficult to see how such great numbers of men, women and children are bought and sold every year. Trafficking can be found in many forms, including: prostitution, slavery, or forced labor (Harf and Lombardi, 2014). It wasn’t until the 1980’s that international human trafficking became globally noticed. With the lack of government intervention and control in several nations, and the free trade market, slavery once again became a profitable industry (Harf and Lombardi, 2014). As previously mentioned, easier movement across nations borders is one of the outcomes of globalization. It is also what makes human trafficking so easy today. It is estimated that about 20.9 million people are victims across the entire globe (United Nations Publications, 2012); trafficking accounts for 32 billion dollars in generated profit globally (Brewer, n.d). 58 percent of all human trafficking was for the purpose of sexual exploitation, and of this 55-60 percent are women (United Nations Publications,
When I was a child, the world that I used to live in is full of happiness and pureness. There is nothing to worry about as long as those who surround me are happy. A great happiness for me is when you open your eyes in the morning and the first thing you see is your family smiling at you. Unfortunately, as I grow older and as my mind opened up to learn more about this world the more the world become cruller for me. There are some people treated inhumanly just because they are poor, or because they are from undeveloped countries. What is the fault that they commuted to be treated in a harsh way? Is it because they want a high standard of living, and rise their income to support their families? This is certainly true in the case of what is happing with the labours in Qatar. Jim Murphy a labour’s shadow international development secretary recorded that migrant workers being lured to the Gulf state by the promise of good salaries, only to have their passports taken away from them and they cannot return to their homes (2014). There is a similar case of what is happening in Qatar but it is much worse. Those from poor regions are easily tricked by black hands companies to be used in inhuman ways, be forced labors and work in prostitution to increase economy (Human Trafficking Thesis Statement Examples, 2011). This research paper will discuss one form of human right issue in the GCC Countries, which is human trafficking, what is it, who are the victims, why it is happening and what solutions the government have taken to minimize this problem.
Trafficking women and children for both sexual exploitation and labor is the fastest growing sex trade all around the world. The global sex trade is a multi-billion dollar business industry in which women’s bodies become the targets in order for the trade to run successfully. Although sex trafficking is a human rights violation, criminals are still selling women and girls as victims worldwide. The crime occurs when a trafficker uses acts of force, fraud, or other means of coercion to take control over another individual. This is for the purpose of forcing them to engage in commercial sex acts or other labor services. The overall percentage of women and girls being oppressed among trafficking is extremely incredible. “Women and girls make up
Human Trafficking is a global problem that affects the lives of millions of people in almost every country in the world, and which deprives them of their human dignity. As one of the most infamous crimes in the world, human trafficking is misleading and makes victims in women, men and children from all corners of the world every day and causes them to be exploited. Although the best-known form of human trafficking is sexual exploitation, hundreds of thousands of victims are also trafficked for the purposes of forced labor, forced labor as domestic servants, child begging and organ removal (Shelley, 2010). On the other side, “human trafficking is both a global problem and a domestic problem” (Jones, Engstrom, Hilliard, & Diaz, 2007, p.108-109)
Summary: We see that there are many different aspects and types of human trafficking that everyone should be made aware of. As a whole human trafficking is a lucrative industry raking in $150 BILLION globally. The impact that this industry has on its victims is
...ting anti-trafficking legislations in the Arab region and assess the capacities of service providers assisting victims and witnesses so as to bring about useful best practices on victim care and protection and improve the legal and regulatory framework on combating human trafficking in the Arab region. The partners of the Arab Initiative work in close collaboration with various specialized UN agencies and International Organizations to profit from the best practices, lessons learnt, methodologies and tools available.
It is the world’s fastest growing global crime. It is also the world’s second largest source of illegal income after drug trafficking. According to the United Nations Office on drugs and crime (2012),”Women account for 55-60 per cent of all trafficking victims detected globally; women and girls together account for about 75% and as many as 161 countries are affected by human trafficking.” It is also believed that the victims arguably come from the poorest countries in the world. One of the main causes of human trafficking is vulnerability. For example, children are more vulnerable to trafficking because of their lack of understanding and experience. Additionally, in certain societies, women are less empowered than men thus resulting in gender inequality both at home and in the workplace. Gender inequality then leads to easy exploitation through the use of force or
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another within a country, or from one country to another for different reasons. In developing countries, many people consider migration as the only option to improve their livelihoods (ILO, 2011). Even though people have always been migrating the contemporary situation shows that the number of people living outside their country of origin has dramatically increased than the previous times. This makes human trafficking is one form of migration, and migration is a response made by persons to cope up with different economic, socio-cultural, and political crises (Hailemichael, 2014). As Omer (2015:75) discussed in his work, migration, and trafficking are interlinked, traffickers often exploit the processes by which individuals migrate. Likewise, trafficking becomes one aspect of illegal labor migration (Gudetu, 2014). Although migration is as old as time immemorial, human trafficking is the worst form of it that has shown a dramatic increment from time to time (Yemataw, 2015). This fact enables both illegal migration and human trafficking to be the same face of two coins.
... in Journal of International Affaires, networks that are engaged in women trafficking are contemporary slave traders. There are aspects of auctions that are reminiscent of the 18th and 19th century African slave trade. Extreme levels of prostitution and violence are used against women that have been trafficked into prostitution. These women are considered outsiders and do not get any sympathy or assistance from social and public services. Mostly they are treated as criminals and prostitutes, and once discovered, they are arrested with further deportation. The study by Donna Hughes reveals that almost no services of any kind exist to address the needs of victims of sex trafficking who suffer from trauma, poor health, and physical injuries. The lack of assistance to victims can be explained by the fact that harm to forced sex slaves is not recognized by the society.
Thousands of foreigners are smuggled across national borders as forced labour in factories, farms, and brothels. Many are forced to become victims of human trafficking through force or the false promise of the American dream. The threat of human trafficking presently is that it deprives people of their human rights, it is a global health risk, and fuels the growth of organized crimes, such as sex crimes. Within this paper I will discuss my research on human trafficking and the victims’ deprivation of human rights. In order to so, I will synthesize three relevant sources on this topic, discuss additional questions that should be addressed when further researching this issue from a peace studies perspective, and outline a specific proposal for future research.
The poorest and most unstable countries have the highest percentages of human trafficking; extreme poverty is a common bond among trafficking victims (Soroptimist). An increase in women’s part time and informal sector work, push women into poorly-paid jobs and long-term and hidden unemployment, which leaves women vulnerable to sex traffickers (Soroptimist). Though national and international intuitions may attempt to regulate and enforce anti-trafficking legislation, local governments and police forces may in fact be participating in sex trafficking rings. Traffickers usually traffic their victims because the business of human trafficking can be extremely lucrative, especially in areas where opportunities for education and employment are