1. Distinguish between bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder using DSM-5 criteria.
(485) Before answering the question let’s see what each term means. Bipolar disorder is a disorder that is marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Unipolar depression is depression without history of mania (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Dysthymic disorder are mood disorder that are similar to but not as long lasting and less disabling than a major depressive disorder (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Cyclothymic disorder is a disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms (Comer, 2013, pp.249).
Now that we know what each term means we can answer the question better. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) would categorize each of these terms based on how server and what the symptoms are. By using the DSM-5 criteria we can see how to distinguish between the terms. DSM-5 list bipolar disorder as having a full manic disorder for at least one week and showing signs of high or irritable moods, increased activity or energy, and three of the following symptoms: decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, thoughts or ideas they experience race, and are easily distracted (Comer, 2013, pp.245). It also list unipolar depression as a major episode that last at least two weeks marked by five symptoms of depression. The symptoms are: sad mood, loss of pleasure, weight loss or gain, insomnia, reduced ability to think or concentrate, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide (Comer, 2013, pp.227). Also it list dysthymic disorder as a persistent depressive disorder that can last anywhere from a day to a c...
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...ent ways to keep the patient on lithium but the therapists may have to change the medication to another drug so they, don’t have to run laboratory test to measure the dosage every time. The therapists may have to stop the drug to prove it is working then reinstate the lithium after running the test which proves the drug was helping the individual have calmer moods. The therapists may have to assure the individual that as long as they take the right dosage they want become addicted or maybe adding another medication to help the lithium work so the dosage want be so high. The therapist may have to prove to the individual that by staying on the lithium the individual won’t have as many mood problems because it helps prevent symptoms from developing (Comer, 2013, pp.280).
References
Comer, R. J. (2013) Abnormal Psychology, 8th Ed. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
... in assisting those who care about the bipolar individual, as well as providing socialization and a means to not feel alone. Generally, as a last resort, electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT is used. An electrical current is passed through the brain. This is thought to change the brain chemistry and increase the mood. This is used only for severe depression or when symptoms are unsuccessfully treated with medications. People with Bipolar Disorder are encouraged to avoid drinking alcohol, avoid the use of street drugs or misusing prescription medications, avoid unhealthy relationships, get plenty of sleep, and exercise on a regular basis. One thing is clear. The person themselves must be active in their own well-being in order to maintain a relatively healthy and productive lifestyle. In so doing, the prognosis for someone diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder is very good.
The characteristics of Bipolar Disorder are major depression, mania, hypomania, and mixed mania (Fink 29). Burgess explains why it is called Bi-polar, “Bipolar refers to the two psychological states of mania and depression that are associated with the illness” (Burgess 1). According to the Merriam Webster’s dictionary, depression is defined as “a state of feeling sad or a psychoneurotic or psychotic disor...
Miklowitz, D. G. and Otto, M.W. (2006). New Psychosocial Interventions for Bipolar Disorder: A review of literature and introduction of the systematic treatment enhancement program. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 20, 214-230.
?What is the role of ECT in the treatment of mania?? Harvard Mental Health Letter. June 1997.
Uni-polar depression is when a person is always in a very low mood which would last at least 2 weeks to be fully diagnosed with depression. A person who has unipolar depression usually do not see the positive side of things. Bipolar depression is when a person has sudden mood swings from really low mood to sudden high mood, bipolar depression is harder to diagnosis than unipolar depression. Depression is thought to involve many genes.
Bipolar Disorder is a type of mental illness, more precisely a mood disorder which is characterized by mania and depressive episodes. Mania is a period of elevated or irritable moods and depression episodes are low or sad moods, these episodes can last from a few days to several months and can impair the ability to function in everyday life. There are several classifications of these episodes and even mixed states in which one experiences both episodes at the same time. To be diagnosed with BD you must seek a health care provider who performs a thorough exam and lab tests to look for other illnesses that may be causing the symptoms that resemble BD. The diagnosis is based on the self – reported experiences and abnormalities in behavior reported by your family members, friends and co-workers.
From mild to severe knowing of conditions and their specific symptoms is the most straightforward way to diagnose the problem areas. The types of depression cover major, melancholia, psychotic, antenatal and postnatal, bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder, dysthymic disorder, and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Major depression involves low mood and/or loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities (“Types of depression”). Melancholia, a severe form of depression where many of the physical symptoms of depression are present. One of the major changes is that the person starts to move more slowly. They are also more likely to have a depressed mood that is characterised by complete loss of pleasure in everything, or almost everything (“Types of depression”). Psychotic depression, can lose touch with reality and experience psychosis. This can involve hallucinations or delusions such as believing they are bad or evil, or that they 're being watched or followed. They can also be paranoid, feeling as though everyone is against them or that they are the cause of illness or bad events occurring around them (“Types of depression”). Antenatal and postnatal depression affects women during pregnancy and in the year following childbirth. The causes of depression at this time can be complex and are often the result of a combination of factors (“Types of depression”). Bipolar disorder used to be
Bipolar and unipolar are two different disorders that affect millions of people; however, there are differences in between the two mood disorders. Bipolar is differentiated by two distinguishing phases of mania and depression, and the rapid cycling of these two phases is a key element of bipolar. (Jackson, 2010). Unipolar is a major depressive mental disorder generally relating to the loss of enjoyment of daily activities, low mood, and low self-esteem. Additionally, people suffering from bipolar go through a manic phase; however, people with unipolar disorder do not go through a manic phase. The manic phase takes place when a person had amplified excitability, racing or unreasonable thoughts, insomnia, and increased sexual promiscuity. However, both people with bipolar and unipolar disorder suffer from depression. Depression is when a person loses interest in the activities that they normally do, he or she begins to feel worthless, guilt, or sadness. (Jackson, 2010). However, if a person has unipolar disorder, what symptoms does he or she have?
depression, and mixed episodes. Each type of bipolar disorder mood episode has a unique set of
Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depression disorder, may cause unusual changes in mood and behavior such as grandiosity, decreased energy, distractibility, diminished interest, insomnia, pressured speech, suicidal thoughts, and decrease in the ability to carry out day to day tasks (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; 5th Ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Jann (2014) the symptoms of bipolar disorders are severe alternating between normal ups and downs leading in damaged relationships, poor job and school performance, and even suicide among the most severe. There are four types of bipolar disorder which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and cyclothymic disorder Jann (2014).
The first disorder is bipolar disorder, also known as “manic depression”. Bipolar disorder is when someone experiences dramatic ups and downs in moods, periods of mania or extreme excitement characterized by hyperactivity and chaotic behavior (Rathus, 2010). Studies show that biological factors create vulnerability to the disorder and experiences such as sleep deprivation can
According to Butcher, Hooley and Mineka, bipolar I disorder is major depression coupled with mania. Bipolar I disorder is distinguished from bipolar II disorder because manic episodes and major depression last for an extended amount of time; at least one week (Butcher, Hooley, & Mineka, 2014, p. 239). Symptoms of patients who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder include depression, anxiety, guilt and suicidal thoughts and energetic periods which include irritability, short temperedness, and erratic judgment (Butcher, Hooley, & Mineka, 2014, p. 240).
Depression is marked by persistent depressed mood, changes in appetite or weight, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating and changes in sleep patterns. These symptoms can develop at a very difficult time in someone’s life and continue beyond a normal period of mourning. People can become depressed because of a difficult life event or some can become depressed for no reason at all (Symptoms of Depression, 2005-2013). Some ask “what is the difference between bipolar disorder and depression”. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression. The answer to this is that depression does not have manic episodes like bipolar disorder does. Bipolar changes between manic ...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been used for decades as a guidebook for the diagnosis of mental disorders in clinical settings. As disorders and diagnoses evolve, new versions of the manual are published. This tends to happen every 10 years or so with the first manual (DSM-I) having been published in 1952. For the purpose of this discussion, we will look at the DSM-IV, which was published originally in 1994, and the latest version, DSM-5, that was published in May of 2013. Each version of the DSM contains “three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text” (American Psychiatric Association, 2012). Within the diagnostic classification you will find a list of disorders and codes which professionals in the health care field use when a diagnosis is made. The diagnostic criteria will list symptoms of disorders and inform practitioners how long a patient should display those symptoms in order to meet the criteria for diagnosis of a disorder. Lastly, the descriptive text will describe disorders in detail, including topics such as “Prevalence” and “Differential Diagnosis” (APA, 2012). The recent update of the DSM from version IV-TR to 5 has been controversial for many reasons. Some of these reasons include the overall structure of the DSM to the removal of certain disorders from the manual.
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition that can affect how you feel and how you act. It is a mood disorder caused by chemical imbalances in the brain that can result in extreme mood swings, from manic highs to depressive lows. Also known as manic-depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is categorized and determined as “a psychological state in which a person experiences a mood disorder causing radical alterations in their moods”. Elevated levels of either manic or depression are very common with a person affected by a bipolar disorder.