Objectives
• Understand the concepts of sustainability and carrying capacity
• Variations in the environment cause variations in carrying capacity
Introduction
Marine ecosystems globally are threatened by large and regional scale environmental changes in many cases created by past and present human activities. The productivity of marine ecosystem services, from fish, shellfish and algae for food, to attractive swimming beaches and beautiful underwater sceneries for diving tourism, are all depending on intact marine ecosystems. To be able to explore the marine resources without eroding or even destroying them, we must find methods for sustainable uses, and for this we need comprehensive knowledge in various disciplines.
Procedure
Using the virtual lab, we created three different experiments of your own. The independent variables presented in the lab were
• The initial number of fish present (in thousands of tons)
• the fish reproduction rate
• the capture rate, a variation factor that causes random environmental disturbances
• the capture start time that controls how many months of the year fishing will occur
One independent variable was chosen for each experiment.
1. The variation factor was set to the maximum level.
2. A hypothesis was developed for each experiment.
3. Then the experiment was run to find the results.
4. Hypothesis was compared to the actual results.
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OUTPUT VARIABLES:
• Time: The time elapsed in the simulation (in months).
• Present amount: Current amount of fish in the simulation system (thousands of tons).
• Total caught: Cumulative fish catch in thousands of tons.
• Fish dynamics: This graph shows the time history of the quantity of fish in the system.
UNITS:
• Times are in mont...
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...e increase in time the fish caught even out with the fish produced. So, the fish caught will remain same if we change the initial amount at maximum capture rate.
3. Keeping the variation factor maximum, if we increase the reproduction rate, we will find that the fish caught will remain same but the present amount will decrease. With the increase in reproduction rate, the present amount will because of the capture rate being related to the number of fishes present. So, with more production of fishes, more will die. And hence, the present amount will decrease.
It is very important to conserve the marine life as if depleted it will hamper the whole ecosystem. So, Fishery and marine sustainability should go hand in hand with each other.
Ineffective marine sustainability and fishery practices will further affect the whole ecosystem as all the parts of the ecosystem
Overfishing is defined as a form of overexploitation where fish stocks are brought down to unacceptable levels. In the UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s 2 yearly report (SOFIA), it states how over half of the fish stocks, worldwide, are fully exploited. Other research has shown it only takes 10-15 years of industrial fishing to obliterate a tenth of the intended specie. Overfishing causes a ripple effect that hurts the entire ecosystem. The balance of chain depends largely on the interaction between the predator and the prey. For example, if the larger fish are removed than its prey begins to overpopulate, due to the lack of population control. The balance in the oceans are a urgent problem, around 90% of predatory fish stocks are depleted. The ripples can extend even further to land creatures like
Overfishing can lead to sea creatures becoming extinct. This can ruin an entire food chain and continues
Fish bioenergetics is really a matter of efficiency. Potential profit for a fish at any given position in a stream is simply the amount of energy coming into its system as prey minus the cost of staying at that position. This simplified model can be desribed by
Overfishing is a major problem in economy today. The practices of fishing too much or too often result in a decrease of the fish population. Constant removal of fish from the oceans (fishing) accounts for both adult and baby fish. With the consistent decrease in adult fish, mating becomes more difficult or even impossible, resulting in an overall lack of fish in the oceans. Pepijn Koster defines overfishing as, "Overfishing can be defined in a number of ways. However, everything comes down to one simple point: Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation to the system. Overfishing is a non-sustainable use of the oceans." (par.1). When fish stocks cannot be replenished faster than they are being depleted, a reduction in fish population occurs, which is what is referred to as overfishing.
...er fisher come and feed on the smaller fisher and hence produces a large fishing industry.
...ry that is very demanding of krill and their habitat. The fisherman catch so much krill at once that the krill cannot keep up with the reproduction and the number of krill is decreasing every week. People should monitor how much krill they are catching so they don’t extinct the animal.
There are many impacts that fishing and land animal farming have on the ocean, which are detrimental to ocean ecosystems as well as many other aspects of the environment. Overfishing, killing fish at a much quicker rate than the fish can repopulate, is one major problem. Three-fourths of the world’s fisheries are either fully exploited, overexploited, or depleted (Cowspiracy). Researchers have estimated an end of all viable fisheries by 2018 if the current trends of fishing continue (Mason). According to the Monterey Bay Seafood Watch, hundreds of thousands of animals die every year as bycatch, with one of the worst offenders being shrimp fisheries, catching up to six pounds of bycatch per pound of shrimp. Endangered species are also caught, including predators which are important in keeping the balance in ocean ecosystems (Smith). While many organizations such as the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch recommend consumers to eat more “sustainable” fish, this will not stop the massive environmental impacts. Sustainable fishing for one does not account for the natural flux in the population of species of fish; what is considered a sustainable amount of fish to harvest one year may deplete the fishery in another year (Smith). Sustainable fish also are becoming even less sustainable as companies that label sustainable fish must find more For example, after Wal-Mart pledged to selling Marine Stewardship
marine life and give the local ecosystem a boost” (Ocean Leadership, pg1). With the help of
This is used to restore oceans and strengthen coastal economies. It helps make fish abundant and has proven to be successful with species such as the red snapper, ...
Lajus, D. L., Dmitrieva, Z. V., Kraikovski, A. V., Lajus, J. A., & Alexandrov, D. A. (2007). Atlantic Salmon Fisheries in the White and Barents Sea Basin: Dynamic of Catches i the 17-18th Century and Comparison With 19-20th Century Data. Fisheries Research, 87, 240-254.
Overfishing is a growing world problem. In 2013, 93 million tonnes of fish were caught
Overfishing occurs when fish and other marine species are caught faster than they able to reproduce. It is the result of growing demand for seafood around the world, combined with poor management of fisheries and the development of new, more effective fishing techniques. If left unchecked, it will destroy the marine ecosystem and jeopardise the food security of more than a billion people for whom fish are a primary source of protein.
But since everyone is fishing where they haven't been able to catch a lot of fish because they have fished most of them up so now they are overstepping their boundaries to go and catch more fish. Which is causing other fishermen to go into someone else territory and now their just fight over all the fish they keep catching fish at an alarming rate. Fish don't have time to reproduce and that is why the decline of fish is happening so fast right now. (IN text citation look over the whole paragraph)
Overfishing is the most major problem related to oceans, but it is also the most overlooked. Fishing has been going on for thousands of years, and fish have always been seen as a renewable resource, that would replenish itself forever for our benefit. But around the world there is evidence that fish are not recove...
The first cause of the marine extinction is coming from over-fishing and commercial fishing. According to Marine Extinction and Conservation, commercial fishing has