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key to understanding black holes
conclusion on black holes
key to understanding black holes
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Like the boundaries on earth, mankind has always looked to the sky in awe for it seemed boundless in its ever growing horizon. Out of all the cosmos that’s being found and discovered every day, there is one object that stands to elude scientists still, the black hole. Albert Einstein, and all the brilliant scientists after his, help to design and create a part of the universe that’s very crucial to understanding existence. The perimeters of a black hole have been a great this that has been discussed and observed to the point where it eventually becomes clear as its compared to objects around or like it. The physics of the black holes existence is still unclear for it shows properties that support Einstein’s theory and quantum mechanics, but at the same time breaks them both.
In 1915, albert Einstein had proposed his theory of general relativity at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. It took him three years to finally make the equations for his theories, but he still need to go in to the field and test it. To do so, he required a total solar eclipse, were the suns pull on space-time would still be affective but its luminosity wouldn’t block the light of the stars behind it. Sir Arthur Eddington, English astronomer and supporter of general relativity, had led an exploration to the Principe Island just off of West Africa. Tis easy to predict when the solar eclipse will happen, the problem is making sure you’re in the right place and time, and that the weather is in your favor. On May 29, 1919 was the day the eclipse was set to happen, so from there the team set up there equipment and hoped for the best. Just as the moon started to hit the suns edge, the clouds began to thicken, but right before totality there was a break. Si...
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Physically using a black hole for our advantage, saying that if it were ever possible, then it could be something that would change our everyday lives. Discovering this potential will be our greatest defyi...
Tyson’s biography talks about black holes and dark matter which is usual for chemistry and physics and the title essay introduces readers to the physics of black holes by explaining the gory details of what would happen to your body if you fell into one.
Geologist John Mitchell is credited with first devising the idea of a black hole. He said that if some force could compress the sun down to an small enough size, it would have a gravitational field so strong, that one would need to be going faster than the speed of light to escape it (UTFC). All objects in the universe have what is called a schwarzschild radius. An object’s schwarzschild radius is the radius that an object would have to be compressed into in order to have an escape velocity greater than that of the speed of light, or a black hole. (VSBH). Using the earth as an example, if the entire earth was compressed to the size of a peanut, it would become a black hole (VSBH). Earth would then have a gravitational field so strong that not even light could escape it. However there is no known force that can compress earth down to such a small size.
The origins of the super-massive black holes which concludes how they were formed and what caused them to form is an unsolved problem which is yet a mystery of astrophysics. ( Millis 2014)
Black holes are points in space where there are extreme gravitational pulls that prevent anything, including light, from escaping. The reason for such a strong gravitational pull is due to vast amounts of matter being contained in a small amount of space. Stellar black holes form from stars with a mass greater than 20 solar masses and can be a result of gravitational collapse. Gravitational collapse is a result of the star’s internal pressure not being able to resist the stars own gravity. When the star is exhausted of its nuclear fuel such that it cannot maintain a high enough temperature it will begin to collapse under its own weight (Seidel 2011). As the star collapses it causes a supernova which blasts the outer layers of the star into space while the core completely collapses under its own weight. If the remnant core left behind exceeds 3 solar masses there are no known forces that can prevent the core from completely collapsing into a black hole (p. 568 Bennett et al. 2013)
Black holes - the strange scientific phenomenon that has astounded physicists and astronomers alike for decades. Popular subjects in science fiction novels, black holes are one of the greatest enigmas of the scientific world. Even today, the concept of a super-dense ball of matter that not even light can escape from is somewhat farfetched, and many scientists disagree with each other about nearly every aspect of a black hole. This project will attempt to shed some light on these mysterious formations, and will inform you the reader of the most popular and widely accepted theories surrounding them.
The theory of relativity is the basic theory about space-time continuum and gravitation which was mainly established by the greatest theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. According to the areas it aims to describe, Einstein’s theory of relativity can be classified into special relativity (space-time) and general relativity (gravitation) 1. The theory of relativity, as do quantum mechanics, brought a revolutionary impact on the foundation of modern physics, and thus had an impact on modern technology. And it impacted the “common sense” understanding that people had of the universe by its new concepts such as four dimensional spaces and curved space.
The American scientist John Wheeler coined the phrase “black hole” in 1969 to describe a massively compact star with such a strong gravitational field that light cannot escape. When a star’s central reserve of hydrogen is depleted, the star begins to die. Gravity causes the center to contract to higher and higher temperatures, while the outer regions swell up, and the star becomes a red giant. The star then evolves into a white dwarf, where most of its matter is compressed into a sphere roughly the size of Earth. Some stars continue to evolve, and their centers contract to even higher densities and temperatures until their nuclear reserves are exhausted and only their gravitational energy remain. The core then rushes inward while the mantle explodes outward, creating neutron stars in the form of rapidly rotating pulsars. Imploding stars overwhelmed by gravity form black holes, where the core hits infinite density and becomes a singularity (some estimate it at 10^94 times the density of water).
We have done a lot of research about space and have learned a lot with the technology we have. One of the main mysteries that we have not understood much is “the hole”. When I say “the hole” I mean the three main ones the black hole, white hole, and the wormhole. Each one is important in their own way, but this paper will be focused on black holes. I will briefly touch on theories that involve time travel, white holes, and wormholes.
Have you ever wondered what a Black Hole is, or what happens if you go into one??? Well now’s your chance to find out about them.There are many theories to Black Holes and if they are real or not. But Black Holes are real. Karl Schwarzschild is the founder and the theory master to Black Holes.
Black Holes Black holes are objects so dense that not even light can escape their gravity, and since nothing can travel faster than light, nothing can escape from inside a black hole. Loosely speaking, a black hole is a region of space that has so much mass concentrated in it that there is no way for a nearby object to escape its gravitational pull. Since our best theory of gravity at the moment is Einstein's general theory of relativity, we have to delve into some of the results of this theory to understand black holes in detail, by thinking about gravity under fairly simple circumstances. Suppose you are standing on the surface of a planet. You throw a rock straight into the air.
Every day we look into the night sky, wondering and dreaming what lies beyond our galaxy. Within our galaxy alone, there are millions upon millions of stars. This may be why it interests us to learn about all that we cannot see. Humans have known the existence of stars since they have had eyes, and see them as white glowing specks in the sky. The mystery lies beyond the white glowing specks we see but, in the things we cannot see in the night sky such as black holes.
Miller, A. (1975) Albert Einstein and Max Wertheimer: a Gestalt psychologist's view of the genesis of special relativity theory. History of science; an Annual Review of Literature, Research and Teaching 13 (2): 75–103.
A hundred years ago, a young married couple sat at a kitchen table talking over the items of the day while their young boy sat listening earnestly. He had heard the debate every night, and while there were no raised voices, their discussion was intense. It was a subject about which his parents were most passionate - the electrodynamics of moving bodies in the universe. The couple were of equal intelligence and fortitude, working together on a theory that few people can comprehend even to this day. Mileva Maric Einstein was considered to be the intellectual equal of her husband Albert, but somehow went unrecognized for her contributions to the 1905 Papers, which included the Special Theory of Relativity. The stronger force of these two bodies would be propelled into the archives of scientific history, while the other would be left to die alone, virtually unknown. Mrs. Einstein was robbed. She deserved to be recognized for at least a collaborative effort, but it was not to be. The role which society had accorded her and plain, bad luck would prove to be responsible for the life of this great mathematician and scientist, gone unnoticed.
A new unknown type of black hole was discovered on September 12, 2000. It was found to be 600 light-years of the Starburst Galaxy M82. An x-ray source indicates that the moon-size black hole has the mass of at least 500 suns, “making it intermediate between stellar black holes and the supermassive black holes found at the center of galaxies” (Scientific America, 1). Scientists were shocked at this discovery, for they didn’t know that these types of black holes existed. Scientists believe this black hole may have been due to a collapsed “hyperstar” or the growth of a smaller black hole through mergers with others nearby.