Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis, or UC, is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. It causes ulcers in the colon and rectum. Ulcerative colitis is one of two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. In UC, the inflammation from the ulcers breaks down the lining of the colon and causes bleeding and discomfort in the abdomen.
Researchers are unsure of what triggers UC, but have two strong possibilities. One theory is that the digestive system becomes inflamed when it tries to fight of a virus. The inflammation then remains chronically. Some scientists also believe that heredity may play a role in developing ulcerative colitis. However, most people who have ulcerative colitis do not have a family history of it. It used to be believed that stress triggered UC but the belief has been disproven. Symptoms of UC vary greatly depending on the specific location of the inflammation. Therefore, symptoms are classified in 5 categories depending on location:
In Ulcerative proctitis, inflammation is confined to the area closest to the rectum, and bleeding may be the only sign of the disease. Some people may experience mild rectal pain.
Proctosigmoiditis involves the rectum and the lower end of the colon (the sigmoid colon). Common symptoms of this form of UC are bloody diarrhea, an inability to make bowel movements known as tenesmus, and abdominal pain.
In Left-sided colitis inflammation occurs in the rectum up through the sigmoid and descending colon, located on the left side of the abdomen. Common symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain concentrated on the left side, and unintended weight loss.
Pancolitis is inflammation of the entire colon. Sympto...
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...g on their own. The steroids are tapered off and the immune system suppressant drugs take over. Side effects can include allergic reactions, bone marrow suppression, infections, and inflammation of the liver and pancreas. Cyclosporine, infliximab, and adalimumab are used in people with severe UC that don’t respond to other drugs. Side effects are severe and include kidney damage, seizures and fatal infection. Some people are at risk for development of cancer with these types of medications.
In rare cases when a patient does not respond to drug treatment or diet and lifestyle changes, surgery may be necessary. Doctors will remove part or all of the colon in attempt to stop the condition. Surgeries for UC are generally successful but significantly decrease quality of life because the patient has to deal with frequent stools due to the absence of a colon.
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease. It is a fairly common disease that affects a large population causing abdominal pain, frequent bloody stools, and fatigue
“Crohn’s disease appears to be caused by a dysfunctional inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract” (U. S. News, 2009). Inflammation is the body’s natural way to heal by sending immune cells to the site of the injury or invader. Researchers think that this immune system response may be triggered by bacteria or viruses, material in the intestinal contents, or a defective signal from the body’s own cells, called an autoimmune response. Inflammation results in pain, heat, redness, and swelling of the tissue. Chronic inflammation can harm the function of tissues and organs (U.S. News, 2009).
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that belongs to a group of conditions known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Crohn’s disease is defined as a transmural inflammation with skip lesions that can affect the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus (Mulder, Noble, Justinich, & Duffin, 2013). In Crohn’s disease the immune system attacks the gastrointestinal system and can cause the digestive tract to be chronically inflamed. Crohn’s disease has a variety of symptoms that include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, fever, and weight loss. Crohn’s disease can also affect the joints, skin, eyes, and cause kidney stones, gallstones and other ailments (Warner & Barto, 2007).
The ascending colon starts at the ileocecal valve and journeys up the right side of the abdominal cavity, ending at the hepatic flexure. The ascending colon is secured in its position by peritoneum to the posterior abdominal wall and the hepato-renal ligament at the hepatic flexure. The ascending colon is roughly
Is fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) effective treatment for patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC). UC is a chronic inflammation of the large intestine. FMT is used to describe the delivery of a healthy donors stool into a patient via enema, colonoscope, or nasogastric tube. In the past several years FMT has been used for an alternative treatment with patients diagnosed with Clostridium difficile (CD). The purpose of this paper is to discuss if FMT is just as effective in treating UC over just medication. The articles below will give insight if this theory is true or not.
If these treatments are ineffective then surgery is recommended. The gall bladder is very helpful but it is possible to live without it. Bile will still be secreted from the liver but will go straight to the small intestine.
Crohn's disease is the generic name for regional enteritis, which is a type of Irritable Bowel Disease. The initial onset of this disease is between the ages of 15 to 30 years old with about 4 out of 1000 people being affected (CDC, 2014). The CDC (2014) also states that the United States has a “1.7 billon dollar” annual financial burden resulting from ”700,000 physician visits, 100,000 hospitalizations, and disability in 119,000 patients” yearly. There is presently no cure for Crohn's, although certain medications and treatments have been proven to take the disease into remission. Crohn’s disease is a realitivly new disease, without a cure, than can be controlled and let the patient live a normal life.
Chron’s Disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by the inflammation of the digestive or gastrointestinal tract. ("Learn the Facts About Crohn’s Disease", 2017) The exact cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown. Some factors such as heredity and the immune system may play a role in the development of Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease is most common in people who may have family members that have the disease, but most people who have Crohn’s disease does not have a family history of it. Crohn’s disease has many symptoms. Some of the symptoms in the abdominal area is pain, tenderness or even cramping. Crohn’s disease can cause a person pain not only in the abdomen but also in the joints and rectum due to diarrhea. In the gastrointestinal region, the patient might feel nausea, bloating or see blood in their stool.
Diverticular disease of the colon is characterized by three conditions that are involved in the development of diverticula, or outpouchings, in the muscular wall of the large intestine. These diverticula form in areas of the colon that are weakened by waste, gas or liquid and usually appear in the sigmoid colon, which is an area of high-pressure. The three conditions that lead to the onset of the disease are diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and diverticular bleeding (West).
Ulcerative colitis begins in the rectum and spreads throughout the colon. The disease directly affects the mucosa. As with many diseases, the appearance varies with the severity of the disease. In the mildest form, the mucosal surface is usually wet due to blood and mucus with multiple petechial hemorrhages. In addition to this, ulcers of various sizes may form. Lesions also may form along the mucosa if one is affected by ulcerative colitis. Normally, the lesions are separated by normal mucosa. On rare occasions, the wall of the colon may thicken significantly.
As you can see there are a few common mispellings of Crohn 's Disease. The definition of Crohn 's Disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum (the 3rd portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum), associated with ulcers and fistulae (an abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs). In layman terms the definition of Crohn 's Disease is best explained as The body 's immune system tries to cure the digestive tract, but the digestive tract does not really need curing because it is not sick. The tissue of the digestive tract then becomes inflamed. The inflammation starts to eat away at the lining o...
This is an open sore in the lining of the stomach, intestine or esophagus. Peptic ulcers have different names depending on their location. Such as gastric ulcer which are ulcers in the stomach. Duodenal ulcers are those found in the small intestine, while those found in the esophagus are known as ulcers of the esophagus. Duodenal ulcers are more prevalent that gastric ulcers. While gastric ulcers are found to be more maliglinant than duodenal ulcers. The most common cause of both duodenal and gastric ulcers are H-pylori (Leik, 2014). People with peptic ulcer complain of episodic epigastric pain and burning, which may be short or long term. The signs and symptoms of peptic ulcers are burning sensation or pain in the upper abdominal region, nausea, vomiting, burping and bleeding, which could cause bloody stool. This pain may happen one to three hours after food consumption or when the stomach is empty. The pain may be worse at night or happen intermittently for weeks. It is noted that the peptic ulcer pain may be relieved with food or when antacid is taken. The diagnostic tests for peptic ulcer are blood test to check for H- pylori, stool sample is sent to the laboratory to see if there is blood in the stool, urea breath test is done to check for H- pylori, an upper endoscopy is done to check if there is any problem with the digestive system, upper GI x-ray is obtained to check the pictures of the stomach and intestines (Micromedex, 2016). The treatment for peptic ulcer also depends on the cause. If H-pylori is identified, triple therapy is indicated, which is Biaxin, amoxicillin and proton pump inhibitor (PPI)for 6-8 weeks in order to allow the ulcers to heal. Quadruple therapy may also be indicated, which are, Bismuth Subsalicylate, Flagyl, tetracycline and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 4- 6 weeks or longer (Leik, 2014). However, if the condition is not caused by H- pylori, lifestyle changes is recommended,
Chronic constipation is more likely to cause rectal prolapse than infrequent, episodic constipation. Spinal cord injury or surgery might precipitate rectal prolapse as can a long-lasting habit of straining to have a bowel movement. Determination of treatment depends in part on the reason of the prolapse. Pelvic muscle workouts would not be useful in prolapse occasioning from perpetual neurological impairment to the involved muscles. Reddish-colored tissue might protrude from the anus, particularly after a bowel movement. Trivial amounts of rectal bleeding might be noted intermittently. Contingent on the severity of the prolapse, fecal incontinence might occur.
Crohn's disease has been difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis. “Crohn’s disease is usually located in the last portion of the person’s small intestine…however, develop anywhere in a person’s digestive tract- from the mouth to the anus”, according to Crohn’s disease information. There are several known types of crohn’s disease. “Ileocoltiis, Ileitis, Gastroduodenal Crohn’s Disease, Jejunoileitis and Crohns colitis” (CCFA) are the known types. Each of the types is categorized by which part of the intestine is affected and the symptoms that the person is diagnosed with. It’s important for a person that has crohn’s to find which part of their tract is affected and how it can be treated properly.
One of the most common mysteries in the world is the development of autoimmune diseases. An autoimmune disease is when the immune system, which usually keeps your body healthy thinks that your healthy cells are antigens and attacks them. This is irony right? It is against properties of evolution for an immune system to attack itself causing sickness and possibly death if untreated. There are about 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, which usually have periods of little to no symptoms and worsening symptoms. What particularly creates confusion in the world is the autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, which affects almost about five million people worldwide.