Types of Society

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Society is defined as a form of social interaction that has an element of cultural and social organization involved, and members in the particular society often shares the similar culture value. Society is identified by their cultural attribute and social institutions that produce each of society. According to the father of the sociology, Emile Durkheim, the social structure which composed the society together, is bound by the collective consciousness, which is defined as a body of belief common to a community or society. Everyone in this world belongs to a specific society that makes them different from each other. For an example, the Malay society is different from the Chinese society in certain aspects such as beliefs, religious view and so forth, but share the same value such as courtesy, tolerant, and so on. The societies had an evolution across times and have passed through certain age up till now. According to Andersen and Taylor (2011), there are three types of society which are; pre-industrial society, industrial society, and post-industrial society (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The first type of society that exists in this world is pre-industrial society. The society is sub-categorized into four different types that are, foraging, pastoral, horticultural, and agricultural. According to Andersen and Taylor (2011), the main influence that distinguishes each of the societies is the development of technology. In the foraging societies, the technology only enables human to hunting animals and gathering the vegetation, but does not allow the refrigerating and processing food. People in foraging societies are nomadic, as they always move to find a new place to hunt because they were utilizing the certain place that they...

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...rial society is the social solidarity of society inside them. In the past, solidarity in society has 2 sub-classes of solidarity as coined by Emile Durkheim, which are, Gemenschalft and Gessellschaft. These two refer to the solidarity that exists in the society. The Gemenschalft society is known as a society that shared the same value and belief in their life, doing the same occupation, and lived a simple life. This type of solidarity in society can be found in pre-industrial society where the society is still not emerged and they just live among themselves. The Gesselschaft is more prone to work, individualistic, and the communication is less between people. This type of solidarity can be found in industrial societies and post- industrial societies as people nowadays are more focus into work and do not have time at all to join the society (Andersen & Taylor 2011.)

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