PRIMARY LITERATURE REVIEW
Microorganisms are multicellular and unicellular microscopic organisms. Microorganism are all over the world and hold helpful and harmful effects as well. Microorganisms keep the environment sanitary by eliminating pollutants from water and earth, and remove all of the remaining material from dead plant, animals, and humans. ("Bacteria Basics - They Are Alive!" Web. 22 Mar. 2016). These harmful organisms are called germs.. Many disease like chicken pox and cancer are caused by germs. Sicknesses triggered by viruses can easily spread from one person to another. Some of the beneficial things that microorganism do happens to be that In the human body they support the process of digestion and help prevent the possibility
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Soap is a cleaning used for the cleaning and washing of the body using water. The main element of soap is natural oils, but companies looking for a profit add other things such as scent and coloring agent to sell more. Antibacterial soap is a manmade creation that specifically targets bacteria from chemicals that are added manually. The chemical that are added purpose is to destroy any bacteria that it comes in contact with, but anti-bacterial soap is not able to neutralize more complicate microorganisms such as virus. Hand sanitizer is an additional or another method washing your hands with soap and water. If you don’t have access to soap and water, the next best thing is hand sanitizer. This invention exterminate most of all the bacteria off on any surface.
Dependent Variable
The dependent variable for this experiment will be an undecided amount of willing volunteers. This project will need samples taken from the subjects and hen require them to return to their normal lives to take further samples later.
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It wasn’t until 1850nwhen he actually publish his findings. (The Doctors ' Plague: Germs, Childbed Fever, and the Strange Story of Ignác Semmelweis)
Bibliography
Bacteria Basics - They are Alive! (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://www.biology4kids.com/files/micro_bacteria.html
Semmelweis ' Germ Theory - The Introduction of Hand Washing. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2016, from https://explorable.com/semmelweis-germ-theory
Germs. (n.d.bb). Retrieved February 12, 2016, from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/keyword/germs
The Doctors ' Plague: Germs, Childbed Fever, and the Strange Story of Ignác Semmelweis. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2016, from http://medhum.med.nyu.edu/view/12179
Germs on Hands. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2016, from http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/germs-on-hands/-89
Types of Microorganisms - Boundless Open Textbook. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2016, from
Charles Rosenberg’s article Cholera in the nineteenth-century Europe: A tool for social and economic analysis evaluates the impact of epidemics on society and the changes that ensue as a result. It is Rosenberg’s view that most economic historians overlook the overall importance of epidemics by focusing primarily on economic growth. Rosenberg’s article aims to bring a more human approach to the Cholera epidemic while showing its potential to affect every aspect of society (453). Rosenberg believes epidemics are an event that show the social values and attitudes towards science, religion and innovation at that particular moment in time (452). His thesis for the article begs the question, what was needed at that time for the culmination of all
Since Plagues and Peoples covers several subjects of knowledge, he helps the reader understand key concepts by fully explaining parasitism and its dependence on humans and animals. People in the field of history, which make up a majority of this books audience, would need more insight into epidemiology to grasp its key concepts. It would not be likely for a historian to be knowledgeable in a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in populations.
Although he lived four centuries before the birth of Christ, a man named Hippocrates recorded the symptoms of diseases we still see to this day. Known as the “Father of Medicine” (Hippocrates), Hippocrates was an ancient physician who studied and recorded his observances of the body’s infections and physiology. He set forth the foundation for future physicians, and in doing so, is accredited for our knowledge of infectious diseases in earlier centuries. During this time however, many believed the earth and its inhabitants were composed of four general elements: air, water, fire, and dirt. They also believed that any one person who fell ill was being punished by the gods. As a foresighted thinker though, Hippocrates encouraged the idea that humans became ill due to natural causes. In that wisdom, he recorded all his observances of his patients and their illnesses, taking careful note of the bodily symptoms and their progression.
Works Cited Camus, Albert. A. The Plague. Trans. Stuart Gilbert.
“And this disease of which I speak, this syphilis too will pass away and die out, but later it will be born again and be seen again by our grandchildren just as in bygone ages we must believe it was observed by our ancestors.” – Fracastoro, 1538 1
Rahn, O. ‘Physical methods of sterilization of microorganisms’, 1945, Bacteriol Rev., 9th Ed. , pp1-47.
Antibiotics are powerful substances which are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. Antibiotics can be consumed from any part of the body. Essentially there are two different types of antibiotics which perform different operations to the body. (Medical News, 1) The first discovered type is bactericidal, which not only inhibits but initially eliminates the bacterial or microbial organisms, this is done through exterminating the bacterium cell wall which furthermore erupts and causes the bacteria to be killed. The second type is bacteriostatic, as the name states. It aids to inhibit and limit bacterial growth. The antibiotic stops bacterial growth through stopping the process of protein synthesis, or bacterial reproduction. It is consumed to stop the growth of a microorganism permanently or temporarily. (Scientific American, 3) Patients consume antibiotics through the mouth. Antibiotics can also be directly injected into the body. Others can be applied on the infected area of the body, and physically cured or eliminated. (Medical News, 1)
Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacteria. Antibiotics can save lives, if used properly. Antibiotics either kill bacteria or keep them from multiplying.
The Epidemic Streets: Infectious Disease and the Rise of Preventive Medicine, 1856-1900, written by Anne Hardy. Her book basically foretells the advancement in the examination of mortality and morbidity versus these factors as medical innovations began taking shape. “For many years the decline in the death rates from the common infectious diseases which began in the 1870s was attributed to the new science and technology of public health” (p .1) Mrs. Hardy exhibits true detective skills as she collects and uses a vast array of medical records as her supporting evidence. Her focus is on communicable diseases and their specific behavior in early 19th century London from childhood all the way through adulthood. “If we look at the eight major diseases and their behaviour in the years 1850 to 1900, two sets of distinctions can be made. One is between the diseases which principally affected adults and the infectious diseases of childhood” (p. 290)
...rmacology became a practice, and medical experimentation common. As inspired by the printing press, medical books began being written. The years after the plague made way for modern medicine.
He also thought that when they didn’t wash their hands during a delivery, that the small corpse pieces would get inside the mother and would develop the disease there. He ordered the students to wash their hands with a mixture of chlorine and other chemicals. He thought that Chlorine would work the best because it was the best way to get rid of any smells, he didn’t know anything about germs. When he told his students to wash their hands with this mixture, the rate of childbed fever deaths dropped dramatically. Once he found out that it dropped the deaths, he told the public first. That made the doctors’ upset because it made it look like the doctors are giving the women childbed fever. Semmelweis lost his job because of this and the doctors gave up the chlorine hand washing, once they gave it up the deaths of childbed fever went back up. He tried to convince doctors in other parts of the world but nobody listened to him because they thought he was crazy. Later in his life he got ill. Then he went into a mental asylum at the age of 47. He died only two weeks
Hecker, J. F. C., B. G. Babington, and John Caius. The Black Death in the Fourteenth
Suddenly, M.Michel develops a fever that eventually kills him. He is the first victim of this plague unknown to the city at this time. His death marked the “end of the first period, that of bewildering portents, and the beginning of another, relatively more trying, in which the perplexity of the early days gradually gave place for panic,” (page 23). Soon after, a few other people die, causing panic in the town, especially because illness isn’t common. Dr. Reiux and Dr. Castel proposes that the
There are small microorganisms that are too small to see with the naked eye without the use of a microscope or any other forms of device that has the ability to magnify, invade humans, animals and different living hosts. The term "germ" could refer not simply a bacterium but also a protist, fungus, virus, prion or viroid. The Germ theory of disease states and explains that some diseases are caused by microorganisms(including fungi). The expansion and reproduction of these microorganisms among their hosts will cause an illness. (Fracastoro, 1546). This theory therefore proves that athlete's foot is caused by fungus and fungus is also considered as a
Microbes are microscopic life forms, usually too small to be seen by the naked eye. Although many microbes are single-celled, there are also numerous multi-cellular organisms. The human body has 10-100 trillion microbes living on it, making it one giant super-organism. Since the first link between microbes and diseases was made, people have been advised to wash their hands. Scientists, however, have recently started to investigate more closely how the microbes that call the human body home affect our health. While some microbes cause disease, others are more beneficial, working with our bodies in many subtle ways.