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Outline the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
pathophysiology of diabetes essay
Outline the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of metabolism. It is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes mellitus is a significant public problem that affects about 26 million Americans in the United States has diabetes. Diabetes can go silently undetected for a long time without symptoms. Many people first become aware that they have diabetes when they develop one of its potentially life threatening complications, such as heart disease, blindness or nerve disease.
There are 2 main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes, which is the most common form the disease, usually occurs in people who are 45 years of age or older. However, the rate of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is increasing.
Many people who have diabetes, particularly those who use insulin, should have a medical ID with them all the times. In some emergencies, the diabetic person may not always be able to speak or communicate. He or she may even be unresponsive. In these cases, a diabetes bracelet can silently inform the attending medical personnel of the disease.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES:
The underlying pathophysiologic defect in type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Following this destruction, the individual has an absolute insulin deficiency and no longer produce insulin. Autoimmune beta cell destruction is though to be triggered by environmental event, such as a viral infection. Since the pancreas is no longer produces insulin, people with type 1 diabetes are absolutely dependent on exogenously administered insulin...
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...ressure and tendency to retain fluids. Limiting sodium may also help the heart work more efficiently. Exercise is essential for the prevention of diabetes because it helps lower blood sugar levels and also helps the body to use its natural insulin more effectively.
Regular blood glucose tests are the only way to know with confidence whether the treatment program is working. Whether type 1 or type 2 diabetes, people who use insulin may need four or more blood glucose checks each day. Each time one performs a blood glucose test, log the results in a record book. The information one record will help to see how food, physical activity, illness and other factors affect blood glucose.
Seek support group or consider joining a local diabetes organization is important. One will get a sense of support and discover what others do to cope and lead healthy life with diabetes.
Diabetes is a disease rapidly increasing throughout the world today, and it is often referred to as the world’s modern epidemic. Each year, more than 13,000 young people are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes making it an increasing chronic illness. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s own immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, normally the body's immune system fights off foreign invaders like viruses or bacteria. Unfortunately an individual with type 1 diabetes immune system attacks various cells in their body and results in a complete deficiency of the insulin hormone. The rapid increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in genetically stable populations implies an important role for environmental factors. Individuals that suffer from type 1 diabetes have an imbalance of sugar and because enough isn’t moved into the cells the insulin isn’t produced. When sugar accumulates in blood instead of cells, the body refrains and seeks more nutrients and other body functions are in charge of providing energy for the essential systems in the body. While the exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown it is often said that it is caused from an autoimmune disorder. Individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be extremely careful because an infection or any other pathogens can causes the body to inadvisably attack the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Type 1 diabetes is also hereditary. While type 1 diabetes eludes both children and adults it gets its nickname Juvenile Diabetes from the prevalence in its diagnosis in children, adolescents and young adults. Imagine having the responsibility of taking on such a sensible role of being insulin dependent for the rest of your life, most being under the age of 5. Al...
Diabetes Mellitus is defined as “a disease in which too little or no insulin is produced or insulin is produced but cannot be used normally resulting in high levels of sugar in the blood” (merriam-webster.com, 2016). Insulin is a hormone which regulates glucose, or blood sugar, ensuring that it is used as energy by the body’s cells. If the insulin levels are irregular, the glucose remains in the blood
Type 1 diabetes develops when the beta-cells are killed off by the immune system. This is because an inflammation is caused which the immune system fights off, ultimately destroying all/majority of beta cells. The role of the beta cells is to produce insulin within the pancreas. The beta cells are signalled when to release insulin’s to certain parts of the body. A person with type 1 diabetes is likely to have lost 70-80%1 of their beta-cells mass which is why they must manually inject insulin into themselves to maintain a healthy blood glucose level. When the blood glucose level falls (hypoglycaemia) you begin to lose energy.
Although diabetes can be genetic, that doesn’t necessarily mean you’re prone to get it. Controlling and checking your blood sugar helps to treat diabetes, as well as insulin therapy, regular check-ups/monitoring, and exercising. If you’re diabetic, you’ll find that at first, it’s frustrating and time consuming to treat for your diabetes. You’ll get the hang of it soon enough.
...betes, they must visit their health care provider or diabetes educator at least four times a year and talk about any problems they are having. They should also stay up to date with all of their vaccinations and get a flu shot every year in the fall. Regular exercise is important for a person with diabetes because it helps lowers blood sugar level without medication and helps burn excess calories and fat so they can manage their weight.
Diabetes is becoming an epidemic. In fact, in 10 years many experts believe that people who suffer from diabetic is going to double. Kids who are as young as 8 years old are now borderline type 2 diabetics.
Diabetes has been labeled into two parts, Type1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes, depending upon the symptoms that the patients are having.
Next, Type 2, which is the most common, accounts for 90-95% of all diagnosed cases. It begins with resistance to insulin. This is when cell do not use insulin properly. Risks of type 2 is anyone age 45 or older, obesity, family history of diabetes, diabetes during pregnancy, impaired glucose tolerance, physical inactivity, and being of the Native American, Hispanic/ Latino American, Asian, or Pacific Islander race.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that results in insulin dependence due to failure of secretion of the hormone insulin by beta cells in the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes usually manifests in childhood, < 20 years of age – the reason for which it was formerly termed juvenile diabetes, and is more prevalent in Caucasians then in any other ethnicity (Diabetes Basics, n.d.). The key to proper management is early detection, patient education, and most importantly patient compliance.
The symptoms for type 2 diabetes develop gradually. About 95% of those who have diabetes are inflicted with this type 2, making it the most common form of diabetes. It is mostly associated with those who have weight problems (obesity), older age (above 45 years), genetics (family history of diabetes), not enough exercise, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood levels of triglycerides and certain ethnics groups. Of these, more than 80% of those diagnosed are overweight. While diabetes type 1 afflicts those in childhood or adolescence, diabetes type 2 usually afflicts those more mature of age.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease that can affect both children and adults. This disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. It claims about 178,000 lives each year. Type one diabetes, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, usually occurs in people less than thirty years of age, but it also may appear at any age. Diabetes is a very serious disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is taken care of properly, diabetics can live a normal life.
People's lives are changed by diabetes by they may be worrying about the disease a lot of the time. Or worrying about the insulin shots they have to get at the doctor's office. And getting upset because they sometimes have to change what they are eating at the time because if it's healthy or not. They finally would think why me and this isn't fair to
Type 1 diabetes is a common form of diabetes that’s usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and it’s previously known as juvenile diabetes. The symptoms of Type 1 diabetes are frequent urination, extreme thirst and hunger, unusual weight loss and exhaustion (American Diabetes Association, 2012). In type 1 diabetes, the body doesn’t produce insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the body breaks down the sugar and starches you eat into a simple sugar that’s called glucose, which it uses for energy. When you get diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, your pancreas is no longer capable of producing insulin (American Diabetes Association, 2012). However, when you get multiple daily injections with insulin pens, syringes, or an insulin pump, then it will be up to you to monitor the blood glucose levels and administer your insulin. With type 1 diabetes it’s important to balance ...
Diabetes is a disease in which the body is unable to properly store glucose. Diabetes is characterized by an inability of a body cell, especially liver and muscle cell that takes up glucose as they should. This can cause the blood glucose to be higher than normal. Two different types of diabetes: these are type 1 sometimes called juvenile diabetes and type 2, or adult-onset diabetes; however, both diseases may occur in children or adults. People with type 1 diabetes have to take insulin injections every day in order to survive. People with type 2 diabetes can use oral medications or insulin to keep A1C (blood test) levels balanced.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance or both reasons. (1) According to that diabetes mellitus can be divided as type I and type II. This is common and its incidence is rising, 171 million people had diabetes in 2000 it is expected this condition to be doubled in 2030. It is spread in all the countries and therefore has become a major burden upon healthcare facilities. (2)