Tuned Port Injection in General Motors Vehicles
The first production Tuned Port Injection (TPI) systems appeared on General Motors' vehicles in 1985. The GM vehicles built with these systems were the Corvette, Pontiac Firebird, Pontiac Trans AM, and the Chevrolet Camaro. Upon their introduction, these systems achieved a 35 % improvement over carbureted systems and a 20% improvement over available forms of fuel injection in horsepower, torque and economy.
The 1985-1988 TPI system utilized the following sensors and devices to control the engine: Mass Air Flow Sensor and Module, Manifold Air Temperature Sensor, Coolant Temperature Sensor, Oxygen Sensor, Throttle Position Sensor, Cold Start Switch, Cold Start Injector, Fuel Injectors, Idle Air Control Valve, Vehicle Speed Sensor, Electronic Spark Timing Sensor and Module, and Knock Sensor.
When the key is in the "on" position the Electronic Control Module (ECM), the main computer that controls all sensors and engine functions, powers up and readies the engine for start-up. When the starter is engaged and the coolant temperature is less than 100 degrees Fahrenheit, determined by the Coolant Temperature Sensor (CTS), the Cold Start Injector provides a spray of fuel to each cylinder via an air distribution system built into the intake manifold. If the engine temperature is greater than 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the Cold Start Injector is disabled by the cold start switch. Upon startup the ECM utilizes information in the Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) to establish the initial pulse rate for the fuel injectors. The ECM pulses, or opens and closes, the remaining 8 fuel injectors in sequence and the engine starts. During this, the Idle Air Control (IAC) valve is com...
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...eaning functions for the MAFS. In 1986 two relays replaced the MAFS module and the ECM was changed. In 1989 the cold start injector was deleted. The EPROM provided a wider pulse width on startup to provide a richer mixture for a cold engine. For those years, all other features are the same. In 1990 the MAF was replaced with the MAP sensor. The1990-92 TPI system still operated the same except that manifold air pressure is used to calculate injector pulse width as opposed to airflow.
Tuned Port Injection saw continued use on General Motors' performance cars from 1992 through 1994. During that period, the TPI system changed greatly but the basic concept behind its operation remained the same. In 1994, GM killed the TPI system and made the switch to a more modern and efficient Sequential Port Fuel Injection (SEFI) system, which is now used all their performance cars.
There are many internal parts to the injector. Starts with a barrel then moves down to a plunger then there is a check valve, below that is a spacer with the nozzle springs inside of it, lastly is the nozzle. All of these parts have specific and unique jobs. Nozzle has a needle in it that works kind of like a piston that once the pressure build up the needle forces forward and sprays fuel. There is a spacer above the nozzle with the nozzle springs that force the needle down. Above the spacer is a check valve, the check valve allows the right amount of fuel into the nozzle. The plunger and barrel are located above the check valve. It has a spring on the plunger that has to hold resistance of the pressure until it reaches the correct amount before it will let the injector fires. There is two internal o-rings one that is around the plunger and one that sets between the nut and body.
This newly designed 24v eco diesel has many know system that dodge have made to give the drive the best deal for their money
Every so often a man or women has an idea that is innovative, amazing or in some cases far ahead of its time. Unfortunately it is far too common that these ideas are lost or stifled by people who are afraid of the change they may bring. Since people also tend to believe if something seems too good to be true it probably is, these ideas may not get enough good attention until it is too late. Preston Tucker was one of these innovative people with a great idea. In 1944 he began work on a car that was safe, reliable, and groundbreaking. So far ahead of its time it made the wrong people nervous. The car was first christened as the Tucker Torpedo but due to concerns over torpedo not sounding safe, it was changed to the Tucker 1948. These amazing cars turned out to be one of the most revolutionary automobiles ever made and would have remained so if it weren’t for a slander campaign by the United States government.
Insert the key, turn, and vroom. And down the road you go. Most people take for granted the strange conglomeration of metal and plastic under that sheet of metal either in front or back of their vehicle. The engine as you may have guessed, is modern marvel- so to speak. They’re found in cars, trucks, boats, airplanes…All with various power outputs.
...place it in the fill hole (it is located on one of the valve cover of the motor and it has a cap) and add the recommended amount of oil. After you have added oil, replace the cap. Now you are ready to start the motor. When you first start it, there will be no oil pressure so don't be alarmed but watch the gauge, and in about ten to thirty seconds the oil pressure should be up in the normal range. With the engine running, look underneath the vehicle and check the plug and filter to make sure there are no leaks. If there are no leaks, shut the vehicle off and check the oil level on the dip stick and make sure it is between the low and full mark. If the oil is a little low, add a little more at a time, and keep rechecking it until the oil level is full. When you have completed this you are done. This is a fairly simple process and can save you a lot of money over time.
Cummins has a history of innovation beginning in 1919 when it was founded and produced its first diesel engine, a 1.5 to 8 horsepower model used to power pumps. In 1929, a Cummins engine powered the first diesel-powered U.S car. The company continued to advance in the diesel engine and power generation industry, and in 1958 Cummins Filtration was started to meet the high-performance requirements of Cummins diesel engines (Cummins Inc.). In 1985, Cummins introduced aerodynamic contours to Class 8 trucks years ahead of its time. This new shape greatly reduced air flow drag and, combined with a lightweight engine, attained up to 20 percent higher fuel efficiency than similar vehicles at the time. In 1999, Beijing Public Transit launched a fleet of 300 buses with Cummins B5.9 engines to improve city air quality, being the first clean, alternative fuel fleet in Asia and remains the largest in the world, with more than 3500 Cummins Westport natural gas powered buses (Cummins Inc.). These are just a few examples demonstrating a history marked by improvement and innovation of new technologies in order to reduce emissions and increase efficiencies for the benefit of the environment.
The Mustang GT only only offered the 289- cubic inch or an 390- cubic inch V8 in 1967. The Camaro rolled out with 302, 327, 350, and 396 cubic inch V8’s (Camaro 14) The Camaro’s style was much smoother as well. The introduction of the Camaro threw pony car development into a frenzy. Before the Camaro, the Mustang and Barracuda were not quite considered full muscle cars. Most serious performance enthusiasts still opted for intermediate sized GTO’s or the Chevelle Super Sports (SS). The Camaro changed the image of those sport coupes. (Camaros, Eric Ethan)
At first, the Model T was hand assembled and took roughly 12.5 hours. When Henry Ford started to build his famous Model T in 1909, his company sold each automobile for $825. Through Ford’s genius perspective, he wanted to reduce the cost per car and the time to build the T. After observing a butcher shop, he engineered a line. This line consisted of a range of workers at each station. At each station, a designated worker puts a piece of the car on; whether from installing the engine or bolting the wheels together or buckling the seats in. These stations add up and produce one final Model T automobile. Thus, the assembly line is able to reduce the overall cost, increase quality, and reduced the time to build the Model T. By the year of 1925, the overall cost was reduced to $260 and took about 93 minutes to construct one. As Henry Ford said, “There is one rule for industrialists and that is: Make the best quality of goods possible at the lowest cost possible, pay the highest wages possible.” Ford followed this rule, stuck by this rule, and lived by this rule. Therefore, the assembly line reduced the fuel cost minimization by cutting the time required to build, lowered the overall cost, and manufactured mass quantities of the Model
Another major change was in 1990 when the ZR-1 was made with 375 horsepower and a LTS5 engine under its hood. To help the appearance of the ZR-1 stand out from the standard corvette coupes, it was given all new convex rear fascia and quad rectangular taillights. All of the new corvettes were made with a new cockpit design that included digital readouts and analog gauges plus a driver’s personal air bag. Due to the redesigning of the corvette, the horsepower of the standard L98 engine was increased to 250. Shortly after this change, it under went a styling refinement that included a wrap-around ...
The 1955 Lincoln Futura featured a plexiglass bubble top and a 300 horsepower V-8. In the 1960’s this car was sold to a car customizer in California and was converted into the first ever Batmobile. The 1958 GM Firebird III was the most radical concept car of the 1950’s. It was powered not by the normal combustion engine but by a gas turbine engine. It also featured a dual cockpit design and was controlled by joystick controller instead of the normal steering wheel.
The Model T, a small, sturdy four-cylinder car with an attractive design and a top speed of 45 mph, hit the market in 1908. It’s success came from it’s attractive price, at $850, and more than 10,000 were sold in the first year alone. It was easy to operate, maintain, handle on rough roads, and immediately became a success. Along with success came expansion, and in 1910 he established another assembly plant in Highland Park, Michigan. Through interchangeable parts, standard manufacturing, and a division labor, the demand greatly increased for the Model T. It was at this time in 1913 that Ford introduced the assembly line and forever changed our economy, our industry, and our culture.
The idea of front wheel driven cars was not embraced immediately by major car manufacturers, though, since having all the driving mechanisms placed right under or in front of the engine added complexity in production and maintenance that was not worth the extra gas mileage. It was when the gasoline shortage hit America in the early 1980s that the front wheel drive car first became popular. Chevrolet first implemented the system in its "Citation," in 1979, which became an...
Wernle, B. (2012). Ford plugs into new segment with C-Max Energi. Automotive News, 87(6544), 16
Since the first car was developed in 1885, car makers have been striving to create the car that will outshine over the others. There has never been a car to do it better than the Model T. Practical, reliable, and affordable are adjectives that describe the Model T since it came out in 1908. With little over 20 horsepower and a top speed of 45 miles an hour, this simple car propelled the Ford Motor Company to a level of success that had never been seen before(History, “Model T”). Henry Ford and the Model T revolutionized the car industry, as well as people's lives in the 1920s. The influences from the Model T can be found everywhere from the assembly line, to road development, to the middle class even in today’s world.
Ford began manufacturing and selling the famous Model T car, known to be the first inexpensive vehicle on the market. Ford adopted the assembly line manufacturing method (where each individual worker performs a simple task for each car) increasing production efficiency and decreasing the cost or production. Soon after, Ford became the leading automotive company in the United States. Ford remained a large car producer in the Untied throughout the 20th century, while competing with the two other American automotive giants, General Motors and Chrysler. As Ford continued to grow, the company began expanding its brands with the luxury Lincoln line-up and the mid-range Mercury brand (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica).