Psychology has different ways of defining human behaviour using different psychological perspectives. This essay will be focussing on two different psychological perspectives which are socio-cultural and psychoanalysis. We will therefore provide an explanation for Tumi’s experiences using different sources. We will define the perspectives, discuss the proponents of the theory, basic premises and causes of behaviour, research methods used, strengths and limitation.
Sociocultural perspective examines how the social environment and cultural learning influence our behaviour, thoughts and feelings (Holt, N., et al.2013, p.34). Sociocultural perspective has different approaches as Santrock (2003) stated that sociocultural approach examines how social and cultural environments impacted on behaviour and debates a full understanding of human’s behaviour that requires knowledge about cultural context which the behaviour occurs. According to Matsumoto (2001) sociocultural approach also focusses on the behaviour of people from unique ethnic and cultural groups within a culture. Psychoanalysis is the theory of personality developed by Freud that emphasizes the roles of unconscious mental processes, early childhood experiences, and the drives of sex and aggression in personality, behaviour is largely influenced by our unconscious wishes, thoughts, and desires, especially sex and aggression (Gray, 1994).
As Nolen-Hoeksema et al (2009) psychoanalysis developed by Freud, unconscious, childhood experiences are controlled by inner forces. Tumi’s feeling of going crazy is being influenced by what she thinks, feels and her experiences as she had a poor relationship with her mother and sister, passing away of her aunt, her belongings being stolen, ...
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...jective and extremely interpretative and he also placed an over-emphasis on sexual drive and provides us with an extremely pessimistic outlook on personality as it discounts the notion of free will. Weakness of sociocultural perspective is that to become a sangoma requires difficult training, as it is regarded as a calling which is as great honour gift and that if the person abuses the power ancestors withdraw power (Cumes, 2013:71).
In conclusion both psychoanalytic and sociocultural perspective helped in giving a better understanding of Tumi’s behaviour and how we can help her to recover from the situation. I recommend that psychologists should keep on training students about these perspectives as it will enable them to gain more knowledge and be able to exercise new skills of dealing with problems and innovations in supporting the people in the communities.
At first when Janet behaved strangely during her adolescent stage, she changed back to normal as her behaviors were accommodated by those surrounding, mostly her parents. But when Janet, when to school her behavior, deteriorated because of environmental shift. In the case study, it had also been mentioned that that Janet’s rigidity, flexibility and anxiety of her coping mechanisms were intact when Janet stayed at home. Conversely, things changed when Janet went to school and left the family support and safety of home’s environment. From this information, we can deduce that environmental factors caused Janet 's condition. At home, Janet was able to cope with emotions than at school. This fact is the reason Janet behaved strangely and hallucinated when she imagined of a botched affair with Dr. M due to his wife’s interference. Janet felt unsafe due to her unfamiliarity with the school environment. The fantasies she started having while at school made her see “real”
Social psychology is an empirical science that studies how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. This field focuses on how individuals view and affect each other. Social psychology also produces the idea of construals which represent how a person perceives, comprehends or interprets the environment. Construals introduce the idea that people want to make themselves look good to others and they want to be seen as right. It is also said that the social setting in which people interact impacts behavior, which brings up the idea of behaviorism. Behaviorism is the idea that behavior is a function of the person and the environment.
Sociocultural psychology began with Lev Vygotsky in 1931 in dealing with how people react to their environments, pressures, and influences that surround the individual in everyday life. This is a slowly expanding approach that is working towards treating psychological diseases such as obsessive compulsive disorder, also commonly known as OCD.Social psychology focuses mainly on how people react to their surroundings and others in society. Many psychologists go about treating illnesses, such as OCD and eating disorders, by placing people into situations where they have to confront their problems. Many psychologists such as Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram performed experiments to observe how people react to surroundings and pressures.
In the year 1896, a new term “theory of psychoanalysis” was invented by Sigmund Freud in which “it refers to all the processes that take place in our mind of an unconscious way and to a form of treatment of the nervous disorders” (Rodriquez). Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was an Austrian neurologist who created and developed an entirely new approach to discover about the personality and the subconscious of the human. His creation in the psychology field was “at once a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for the relief of its ills, and an optic for the interpretation of culture and society” (Jay). Sigmund Freud is regarded as one of the most influential and controversial characters of the twentieth century due to his discoveries in many aspects of the field of psychology included Freud’s self-analysis that he left behind.
Psychoanalysis was approached by Sigmund Freud, with the aim “for reaching and radical reconstructing of the personality” (Fonagy 1995), by providing insight of self understanding to patients, with maladaptive behaviours. Freud worked with patients who expressed different symptoms which he investigated to be based on personality differences. This leads to the distinction of thre...
The creation of a stressful psychological state of mind is prevalent in the story “The Yellow Wall-Paper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, as well as, Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart”, Ophelia’s struggles in William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”, and the self-inflicted sickness seen in William Blake’s “Mad Song”. All the characters, in these stories and poems, are subjected to external forces that plant the seed of irrationality into their minds; thus, creating an adverse intellectual reaction, that from an outsider’s point of view, could be misconstrued as being in an altered state due to the introduction of a drug, prescribed or otherwise, furthering the percep...
Social psychology is an empirical science that studies how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. This field focuses on how individuals view and affect one another. Social psychology also produces the idea of construals which represent how a person perceives, comprehends or interprets the environment. Construals introduce the idea that people want to make themselves look good to others and they want to be seen as right. It is also said that the social setting in which people interact impacts behavior, which brings up the idea of behaviorism. Behaviorism is the idea that behavior is a function of the person and the environment.
The Literary theme that has captivated my interest and has moved me to research and understand the content which it describes or analyze , would be The Ambition of Self improvement. This theme can be related with psychoanalytic criticism. The story that has inspired me to study this theme comes from a short fiction story written by Amy Tan, named “Two Kinds”. This story has primary conflict between mother and daughter, with self improvement being the main theme identified in the text. Conflict that emerges between parents and children are still common factors current in society today. Personal experiences readers have had growing up can ignite an interest for readers to seek understanding of self improvement and the factors of Psychoanalytic criticism that adopt in them.
Social psychologists have a range of different subject areas and topics that they can choose from when deciding what research they want to do, including; obedience, conformity, identity, communication and language, persuasion and influence. In addition to this there are two main theories that derive from social psychology, the first being behaviourism and the second being social learning theory. The first theory behaviourism, derived from Pavlovs work looking at operant conditioning
...ocial psychology now has a great impact on social cognitive approach. Social cognition includes attribution, stereotypes, autism, (Striano & Reid, 2008). The European roots of social psychology have led to social constructionism and social representation. The modern social psychology is now constructed with the American and European doctrines. However, due to the political events and developing researches in social psychology, the disciple has only been able to contain within America (Cartwright, 1979). On the other hand, Gergen (1973) argued that social psychology cannot be interpreted as a science because social psychology is historically and culturally specific, which is the reason why the discipline is continuously changing. Critically speaking, there is an advantage of different approaches to social psychology, as it views dilemmas in different perspectives.
... individual as a singular and structured psychology. However, Anaїs Nin's novel, A Spy In The House Of Love, and the works of psychologist, Sigmund Freud explore otherwise. Through the character of Sabina, Nin shows the many different partitions of one's mind, the conflicts between them, and the chaos and guilt resulting from this conflict. Freud's works further describe this multi-layered personality. Sabina's psychology can be unraveled and explained by applying Freud's ideas of the mind being divided into three agencies; the Id, the Ego, and the Superego, which are in constant conflict with each other. Personality is seen as an attempt to resolve this conflict. The ideas in this novel and Freud's theories can help one understand the reasons for their emotions or behavior, allowing one to accept the deficiencies and chaos associated with their personality.
For Freud, psychosexual theory occurred when personality arises, as it tries to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and the societal demands to suppress these impulses. In general, psychoanalytic theorists are permeated with notions of human development, and how the child changes during the course of his maturation in an explicit and implicit perspective.
Important concepts in psychoanalysis are the id, superego, and ego. The id is an entirely unconscious and instinctual layer of an individual and operates on what is known as the “pleasure principle”, meaning it is constantly seeking immediate satisfaction. The ego is the component of the self that deals with reality and operates on the reality principle, which tries to satisfy the id’s needs in a much more socially and morally acceptable way. The superego is the last part to develop and this is what individuals learn from their surroundings, like society and the people ...
When dealing with society they have gender categories, which they feel is right such as man and women together and society have a moral issue with Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, Transgender they feel this is wrong and society does not take this lightly, they feel it is wrong and they have a different outlook. The person and their gender has contribute to a certain behavior which affect that person later in life. Who idea was psychoanalytic theory, it was founded by Sigmund Freud which was an Austrian neurologist, his idea was to be able to motivates individuals by showing their immediate awareness. Psychoanalytic theory is recognizing as, “the framework for understanding the impact of the unconscious on thoughts, feelings, and behavior”. (Encyclopedia.com, 2017) Psychoanalytic theory has done research and experiment on the framework on psychoanalytic theory which describe in details of what impact a person unconscious thought, action, respond, how that person feels and especially the person behavior of the unconscious mind. The psychoanalytic theory has been, “theoretical conceptualizations of some of the important challenges of psychological
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.